雷达RCS目标特性测量与分析
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摘要
论文介绍了为实现雷达目标特征信号—散射截面(RCS)测量所涉及的相关概念和理论方法，并且着重介绍了实际的工程应用项目，最后给出了理论计算和测量数据处理结果。
在RCS测量概念和理论分析方面，着重介绍了目标特性数据处理方法(包括：理论数据的分析，RCS概念及物理性质，RCS标准值计算等)。同时还介绍了为完成RCS测量、雷达所必需的标校数据处理方法。
在工程应用方面，介绍了实际的RCS目标特性测量系统的总体方案、技术指标、系统组成，并对系统功能和系统的关键技术进行了说明。其中重点介绍了为保证RCS测量精度要采用的雷达系统的标校方法、使用的相关模型，以及RCS测量系统的数据处理分系统结构、软件方案、需求分析和详细分析说明及数据融合方法等。
最后给出散射截面(RCS)的测量的数据和统计结果(包括：RCS——时间、RCS——距离、RCS——统计等特性参数)。
Relevant concepts and theory methods involved in the measurement of radar target characteristics signal-scattering radar cross section (RCS) are introduced in this paper. The paper puts much emphasis on introducing actual engineering project , and the results of theory calculation and measurement data processing are finally presented in the paper.
In the aspects of RCS measuring concept and theory analysis, target characteristics data processing methods (including: analysis of theory data, concept and physical property of RCS, calculation of RCS standard value) are introduced emphatically. On the other hand the processing methods of calculation data needed for RCS measurement and radar are also introduced.
In the aspects of engineering application, the system project, technological specifications, system construction of the actual RCS target characteristic measuring system are introduced, and system functions and key technology are illuminated.
Among them the paper makes it a point to introduce the calculation method and relevant model of radar system which is used to guarantee RCS measuring accuracy, and data-processing subsystem construction, software scheme, requirement analysis with detailed analysis indication and data fusion method, etc.
The measuring data and statistics results of scattering cross section (RCS) ( including: RCS-time, RCS-range, RCS-statistics characteristics parameters) are finally presented in the paper.
在RCS测量概念和理论分析方面，着重介绍了目标特性数据处理方法(包括：理论数据的分析，RCS概念及物理性质，RCS标准值计算等)。同时还介绍了为完成RCS测量、雷达所必需的标校数据处理方法。
在工程应用方面，介绍了实际的RCS目标特性测量系统的总体方案、技术指标、系统组成，并对系统功能和系统的关键技术进行了说明。其中重点介绍了为保证RCS测量精度要采用的雷达系统的标校方法、使用的相关模型，以及RCS测量系统的数据处理分系统结构、软件方案、需求分析和详细分析说明及数据融合方法等。
最后给出散射截面(RCS)的测量的数据和统计结果(包括：RCS——时间、RCS——距离、RCS——统计等特性参数)。
Relevant concepts and theory methods involved in the measurement of radar target characteristics signal-scattering radar cross section (RCS) are introduced in this paper. The paper puts much emphasis on introducing actual engineering project , and the results of theory calculation and measurement data processing are finally presented in the paper.
In the aspects of RCS measuring concept and theory analysis, target characteristics data processing methods (including: analysis of theory data, concept and physical property of RCS, calculation of RCS standard value) are introduced emphatically. On the other hand the processing methods of calculation data needed for RCS measurement and radar are also introduced.
In the aspects of engineering application, the system project, technological specifications, system construction of the actual RCS target characteristic measuring system are introduced, and system functions and key technology are illuminated.
Among them the paper makes it a point to introduce the calculation method and relevant model of radar system which is used to guarantee RCS measuring accuracy, and data-processing subsystem construction, software scheme, requirement analysis with detailed analysis indication and data fusion method, etc.
The measuring data and statistics results of scattering cross section (RCS) ( including: RCS-time, RCS-range, RCS-statistics characteristics parameters) are finally presented in the paper.
引文
1 林桂森．樊成方等，雷达目标特征信号，宇航出版社1993年
2 李柱贞．吕婴．向家武，雷达散射截面常用计算法，目标特性研究编辑部 1981年
3 王诚信，无源对抗雷达的精度问题，飞行器测控学报，1999年9月
4 E．F．克拉克，雷达散射截面—预估、测量和缩减，阮颖铮译 电子工业出版社1988年11月
5 Robert B. Dybdal, Radar Cross Section Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 75 No. 4 Apr 1987: 498-519
6 I. D. Olin, etc. Dynamic, Measurement of Radar Cross Section, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 53 No. 8 Aug 1965: 954-961
7 Robert E. Kell, On the Derivation of Bistatic RCS from Monostatic Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 983-998
8 J. W. Crispin etc., Radar Cross Section Estimation for Complex Shape, Proceedings of IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 972-982
9 R. G. Kouyoumjlan, etc, Range Requirement in Radar Cross Section Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 920-928
10 P. Black Smith, etc., Introduction to Radar Cross Section Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 901-920
11 C. G. Bachman, Some Recent Development in RCS Section Measurement Techniques, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 962-972
12 H. C. Marlow, etc., The RAT SCAT Cross Section Facility, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No. 8 Aug 1965: 947-954
13 Howard A. Zebker, etc., Imaging Radar Polarimetry: A Review, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 79 No. 11 Nov. 1991: 1583-1606
14 F. Pasualucci,, J. A. Paul, etc., The Compact Range RCS Measurement System Antenna Measurement Techniques, Association Symp. Dig. L 1985 12-1-12-13
15 D. L. Mensa, Wideband Radar Cross Section Diagnostic Measurements, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Vol. IM-33 Sept 1984 206-214
16 D．K．巴顿，雷达系统分析，国防工业出版社 1985
17 张光义，空间探测相控阵雷达，科学出版社 2001
18 James C. Brailean, Noise Reduction Filters for Dynamic Image Sequences: A Review, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 83, No. 9 Sep. 1995 1272-1292
19 Merril I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar System, McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. 1962
20 Z. R. Fan, etc., High Resolution Imaging of Objects at Ka Band, IEEE—T—AES Vol.31, No.4 Oct. 1995 1348-1354
21 乔晓林，基于频率捷变和RCS加权抑制雷达角闪烁的研究，系统工程与电子技术 23(4)2001 54-57
22 白广周，基于雷达RCS测量的空间翻滚目标识别研究，飞行器测量科学报第十八卷 Mar 1999 50-58
23 黄涛，目标RCS自动测量系统，数据采集预处理 第五卷 May 1990 74-78
24 Knott E. F., Shaeffer J. F., and Tuley M. T, Radar Cross Section Artech House, 1985，Chapter 6.
25 康斯坦特 J．N．成源 等译，防御雷达系统工程导论，国防工业出版社 12-22 1977年
26 张直中，雷达信号的选择与处理，国防工业出版社，44-61 1979年
27 黄培康，目标散射特性测量研究，出国考察技术报告，第12期 33-46 1986年
28 Dominek A., Scattering mechanism identification and isolation, Symposium of Measurement, Processing and Analysis of Radar Target Signatures (SMARTS), OSU, Vol. 2, Sept. 1985, 1-57
29 Peters L., Jr., A discussions of some ESL experiments and a brief review of popular analytic techniques, SMPARTS, Vol. 2, Sept. 1985年
30 Kouyoumjian R. G. and Pathak P. H., Auniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly conducting surface, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 62, NO. 11 Nov. 1974. 1448-1461
31 黄培康，目标散射RCS模型化，全国RCS理论计算方法研讨会议，1988年1月
32 黄培康，陶巍，某导弹突防系统目标特性研究，航天报告，HT-870341，1990，1．
33 Irvin McClintock, The Cross Section Measurement Capabilities of the AN/FPS-16, AD-460531, Jan. 1965
34 knott, F. F., and Senior, T. B. A., How far is far? IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. AP-22, Sept. 1974, 732-734
35 Crispin, J. W., and Siegel, K. M., "Methods of radar cross section analysis" Academic Press, New York and London, 1968, 390-391
36 Melin, J. O., Measuring radar cross section at short distance, IEEE Trans., Antennas and Propag., Vol. AP-35, No.8, Aug. 1987.
37 Dybdal, R. B., Radar Cross Section Measurements, Proc. IEEE, Vol.75, No.4, April 1987.
38 宗有德编译，散射截面测量，系统工程与电子技术，第七期 pp1-17 1987年
39 Cook, C., Transmitter phase modulation errors and pulse compression waveform distortion, Barton, D. K.(ed.), Radar Vol.3, 91-97
40 林桂森，偏心球法消除背景误差，无源干扰与电子对抗，第一期 pp31-38，1982年
41 丁鹭飞．耿富录，雷达原理，西安电子科技大学出版社，1995第二版
42 王小谟．张光义，雷达与探测，国防工业出版社，2000年
43 Rajagopal, R. 和Monica, S. P., Windows NT4高级程序设计，机械工业出版社1998年
44 Bennett, D., Visual C++5开发人员指南，上册，下册 机械工业出版社 1998年
45 Microsoft Corporation，《Microsoft Win32程序员参考大全》第一册，第二
册，第三册，第四册，第五册，清华大学出版社 1995年
46 王进松，网络互联协议TCP／IP详解，科学技术文献出版社 1993年
47 Stefan Sjoholm, Lennart Lindh, 用VHDL设计电子线路 清华大学出版社 2000年
48 郑人杰 王纬 王方德，基于软件能力成熟度模型(CMM)的软件过程改进—方法与实施，清华大学出版社 2002年
49 GJB438A-1997 军用软件开发规范
50 GJB2786-1996 武器系统软件开发
2 李柱贞．吕婴．向家武，雷达散射截面常用计算法，目标特性研究编辑部 1981年
3 王诚信，无源对抗雷达的精度问题，飞行器测控学报，1999年9月
4 E．F．克拉克，雷达散射截面—预估、测量和缩减，阮颖铮译 电子工业出版社1988年11月
5 Robert B. Dybdal, Radar Cross Section Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 75 No. 4 Apr 1987: 498-519
6 I. D. Olin, etc. Dynamic, Measurement of Radar Cross Section, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 53 No. 8 Aug 1965: 954-961
7 Robert E. Kell, On the Derivation of Bistatic RCS from Monostatic Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 983-998
8 J. W. Crispin etc., Radar Cross Section Estimation for Complex Shape, Proceedings of IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 972-982
9 R. G. Kouyoumjlan, etc, Range Requirement in Radar Cross Section Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 920-928
10 P. Black Smith, etc., Introduction to Radar Cross Section Measurement, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 901-920
11 C. G. Bachman, Some Recent Development in RCS Section Measurement Techniques, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No.8 Aug 1965: 962-972
12 H. C. Marlow, etc., The RAT SCAT Cross Section Facility, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol.53 No. 8 Aug 1965: 947-954
13 Howard A. Zebker, etc., Imaging Radar Polarimetry: A Review, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 79 No. 11 Nov. 1991: 1583-1606
14 F. Pasualucci,, J. A. Paul, etc., The Compact Range RCS Measurement System Antenna Measurement Techniques, Association Symp. Dig. L 1985 12-1-12-13
15 D. L. Mensa, Wideband Radar Cross Section Diagnostic Measurements, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Vol. IM-33 Sept 1984 206-214
16 D．K．巴顿，雷达系统分析，国防工业出版社 1985
17 张光义，空间探测相控阵雷达，科学出版社 2001
18 James C. Brailean, Noise Reduction Filters for Dynamic Image Sequences: A Review, Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 83, No. 9 Sep. 1995 1272-1292
19 Merril I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar System, McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. 1962
20 Z. R. Fan, etc., High Resolution Imaging of Objects at Ka Band, IEEE—T—AES Vol.31, No.4 Oct. 1995 1348-1354
21 乔晓林，基于频率捷变和RCS加权抑制雷达角闪烁的研究，系统工程与电子技术 23(4)2001 54-57
22 白广周，基于雷达RCS测量的空间翻滚目标识别研究，飞行器测量科学报第十八卷 Mar 1999 50-58
23 黄涛，目标RCS自动测量系统，数据采集预处理 第五卷 May 1990 74-78
24 Knott E. F., Shaeffer J. F., and Tuley M. T, Radar Cross Section Artech House, 1985，Chapter 6.
25 康斯坦特 J．N．成源 等译，防御雷达系统工程导论，国防工业出版社 12-22 1977年
26 张直中，雷达信号的选择与处理，国防工业出版社，44-61 1979年
27 黄培康，目标散射特性测量研究，出国考察技术报告，第12期 33-46 1986年
28 Dominek A., Scattering mechanism identification and isolation, Symposium of Measurement, Processing and Analysis of Radar Target Signatures (SMARTS), OSU, Vol. 2, Sept. 1985, 1-57
29 Peters L., Jr., A discussions of some ESL experiments and a brief review of popular analytic techniques, SMPARTS, Vol. 2, Sept. 1985年
30 Kouyoumjian R. G. and Pathak P. H., Auniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly conducting surface, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 62, NO. 11 Nov. 1974. 1448-1461
31 黄培康，目标散射RCS模型化，全国RCS理论计算方法研讨会议，1988年1月
32 黄培康，陶巍，某导弹突防系统目标特性研究，航天报告，HT-870341，1990，1．
33 Irvin McClintock, The Cross Section Measurement Capabilities of the AN/FPS-16, AD-460531, Jan. 1965
34 knott, F. F., and Senior, T. B. A., How far is far? IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. AP-22, Sept. 1974, 732-734
35 Crispin, J. W., and Siegel, K. M., "Methods of radar cross section analysis" Academic Press, New York and London, 1968, 390-391
36 Melin, J. O., Measuring radar cross section at short distance, IEEE Trans., Antennas and Propag., Vol. AP-35, No.8, Aug. 1987.
37 Dybdal, R. B., Radar Cross Section Measurements, Proc. IEEE, Vol.75, No.4, April 1987.
38 宗有德编译，散射截面测量，系统工程与电子技术，第七期 pp1-17 1987年
39 Cook, C., Transmitter phase modulation errors and pulse compression waveform distortion, Barton, D. K.(ed.), Radar Vol.3, 91-97
40 林桂森，偏心球法消除背景误差，无源干扰与电子对抗，第一期 pp31-38，1982年
41 丁鹭飞．耿富录，雷达原理，西安电子科技大学出版社，1995第二版
42 王小谟．张光义，雷达与探测，国防工业出版社，2000年
43 Rajagopal, R. 和Monica, S. P., Windows NT4高级程序设计，机械工业出版社1998年
44 Bennett, D., Visual C++5开发人员指南，上册，下册 机械工业出版社 1998年
45 Microsoft Corporation，《Microsoft Win32程序员参考大全》第一册，第二
册，第三册，第四册，第五册，清华大学出版社 1995年
46 王进松，网络互联协议TCP／IP详解，科学技术文献出版社 1993年
47 Stefan Sjoholm, Lennart Lindh, 用VHDL设计电子线路 清华大学出版社 2000年
48 郑人杰 王纬 王方德，基于软件能力成熟度模型(CMM)的软件过程改进—方法与实施，清华大学出版社 2002年
49 GJB438A-1997 军用软件开发规范
50 GJB2786-1996 武器系统软件开发