毫米波传输—反射特性测试系统中的关键技术研究
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摘要
毫米波传输-反射特性测试系统是用来测试各种障碍物对毫米波传输反射特性的影响,测试可得到各种障碍物对毫米波的衰减特性以及对应的毫米波反射截面面积。由于毫米波频段传输反射特性研究在军事上的重大潜力,该频段相关的测试系统在国外是一大研究热点。西方国家对中国的技术封锁使毫米波传输-反射特性测试设备在国内成为一种难以获取的技术。国内涉及毫米波相关设备的研究很少,且其相关领域的研究发展也很缓慢。所以,毫米波传输-反射特性测试系统的研制对国内毫米波技术的发展有很大的助推作用。
因为该系统的复杂性,作者主要负责该系统的软件部分和硬件部分中的介质谐振振荡器(PLDRO)以及中频信号调理电路的研究和设计。
本文首先对毫米波传输-反射特性测试系统的整体原理以及指标要求进行了介绍,并对其具体指标进行了分析研究。其次介绍了介质谐振振荡器的原理,设计过程和调试经验,并展示了最终成品的测试结果。文中对中频信号调理电路的设计过程进行了详细介绍,并对其测试数据进行了研究分析,在此基础上对中频信号调理电路的检波斜率进行了修正,并对修正之后的情况进行了误差分析。
系统的软件部分实质是一套数据采集和处理系统,其硬件包括数据采集卡和便携加固电脑,软件包括一套上位机程序。文中对硬件的选取进行了介绍,对该系统的信号处理算法也作了研究。软件设计是基于NI公司的图形化设计软件LabVIEW来完成的。最后,作者对毫米波传输-反射特性系统的测试结果进行了展示和分析。该系统的设计达到了预期指标,成功交付客户。
Millimeter-wave test system of transmission and reflection characteristics is a special system which can be used to test the transmission and reflection characteristics of a variety of obstacles in the millimeter-wave band. For significant potential of this research in the military, many countries invest heavily into the research. Because the military ban and the technology blockade of western countries, millimeter wave test system of transmission and reflection characteristics is the one which is difficult to buy. For all above reasons, the number of research about millimeter-wave band in China is small and the number of research unit is few. Also research's development of related areas is very slow. In all, the research and design of this device can heavily promote the development of millimeter-wave band technology.
Because of the complexity of the system, the author is only responsible for the research and design of software part of this system and hardware part including PLDRO and IF signal processing circuit.
Firstly the principle of over all test system is introduced by this essay, and special characteristic is analysed and researched. Secondly the principle, circuit design process, and the debugging skills of PLDRO are stated. At the same time the final product's test results are shown. IF signal processing circuit's design is also a focus in this essay. Through the test results, detector's slope is corrected. Error Analysis is made for the circuit detector's slope which has been fitted.
Software part of this system actually is a data acquisition and processing system. Its' hardwareware includes data acquisition card and portable consolidated computers. And a set of procedures is contained in the PC. Algorithm, the core of the software, is researched in this essay. Software design is based on the graphic design software named LabVIEW which is produced by National Instruments.
Finally, the test results of millimeter-wave test system of transmission and reflection characteristics are shown and analysed. The desired targets are successfully achieved, and the device has been successfully delivered to client.
因为该系统的复杂性,作者主要负责该系统的软件部分和硬件部分中的介质谐振振荡器(PLDRO)以及中频信号调理电路的研究和设计。
本文首先对毫米波传输-反射特性测试系统的整体原理以及指标要求进行了介绍,并对其具体指标进行了分析研究。其次介绍了介质谐振振荡器的原理,设计过程和调试经验,并展示了最终成品的测试结果。文中对中频信号调理电路的设计过程进行了详细介绍,并对其测试数据进行了研究分析,在此基础上对中频信号调理电路的检波斜率进行了修正,并对修正之后的情况进行了误差分析。
系统的软件部分实质是一套数据采集和处理系统,其硬件包括数据采集卡和便携加固电脑,软件包括一套上位机程序。文中对硬件的选取进行了介绍,对该系统的信号处理算法也作了研究。软件设计是基于NI公司的图形化设计软件LabVIEW来完成的。最后,作者对毫米波传输-反射特性系统的测试结果进行了展示和分析。该系统的设计达到了预期指标,成功交付客户。
Millimeter-wave test system of transmission and reflection characteristics is a special system which can be used to test the transmission and reflection characteristics of a variety of obstacles in the millimeter-wave band. For significant potential of this research in the military, many countries invest heavily into the research. Because the military ban and the technology blockade of western countries, millimeter wave test system of transmission and reflection characteristics is the one which is difficult to buy. For all above reasons, the number of research about millimeter-wave band in China is small and the number of research unit is few. Also research's development of related areas is very slow. In all, the research and design of this device can heavily promote the development of millimeter-wave band technology.
Because of the complexity of the system, the author is only responsible for the research and design of software part of this system and hardware part including PLDRO and IF signal processing circuit.
Firstly the principle of over all test system is introduced by this essay, and special characteristic is analysed and researched. Secondly the principle, circuit design process, and the debugging skills of PLDRO are stated. At the same time the final product's test results are shown. IF signal processing circuit's design is also a focus in this essay. Through the test results, detector's slope is corrected. Error Analysis is made for the circuit detector's slope which has been fitted.
Software part of this system actually is a data acquisition and processing system. Its' hardwareware includes data acquisition card and portable consolidated computers. And a set of procedures is contained in the PC. Algorithm, the core of the software, is researched in this essay. Software design is based on the graphic design software named LabVIEW which is produced by National Instruments.
Finally, the test results of millimeter-wave test system of transmission and reflection characteristics are shown and analysed. The desired targets are successfully achieved, and the device has been successfully delivered to client.
引文
[1]毫米波市场需要新型的测试工具.电子测试,1998,06
[2]伍捍东.毫米波测量设备新产品介绍.微波学报,1991,02
[3]汪海勇.毫米波测量设备的两项新成果.电子技术,1987,02
[4]陈春秀.毫米波小型测速雷达的结构设计.电子机械工程,1995,01
[5]徐国兴,周喜鸿.毫米波技术在铁路编组站上应用──T.CL-2型驼峰测速雷达.铁道通信信号,1994,07
[6]蔡竟业,王文钦,杨远望.微波、毫米波相位噪声测试系统的研制.测试技术学报,2006,02
[7]宋林丽,王代华,卫冬林,等.毫米波引信多普勒信号测试系统研究.中北大学学报, 2008,03
[8]郑鑫,杨建宇,李良超,等.3mm波便携式辐射计数据采集与测试系统.仪表技术与传感器,2008,02
[9]全绍辉,何国瑜,徐永斌.新型微波-毫米波幅相测试系统及扩展应用.微波学报,2002,03
[10]袁菌.日新月异的毫米波和太赫兹成像技术.电子技术,2006,01
[11]桂磊.毫米波测试系统自检与故障定位:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京理工大学,2009
[12]黄振起,何敏敏,胡建凯,等.毫米波FMCW收发组件技术研究.微波学报,1999,15(3)
[13] Jian Huang, Tiguo Gan, Yongquan Zou. A Novel W-band Fully Coherent Solid-state Radar Transceiver. 2001 CIE International Conference on Radar Proceedings: 907-911
[14]夏磊.毫米波接收前端多芯片组件实用化技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[15]唐小宏,吴涛,马海虹.95GHz测速雷达前端研究.第6届全国毫米波亚毫米波学术会议论文集.哈尔滨,2006
[16]杨帆.W波段连续波相参多普勒雷达前端关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[17]杨秀强.低成本Ka波段多普勒测速前端及信号处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[18] Axel Tessmann, Steffen Kudszus, Tobias Feltgen, et al. compact doppler sensor operating at 31-32 GHz using a SiGe HBT MMIC and patch antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, Vol.50, NO.12
[19] S.P.Voinigescu, T.O.Dickson, R.Beerkens, et al. A Comparison of Si CMOS, SiGe BiCMOS, and InP HBT Technologies for High-Speed and Millimeter-Wave ICs. 2004 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems: Digest of Papers, 2004, 111-114,
[20] Mark Maleski, BoozeAllen, Hamilton Inc. Internetworking through MILSTAR. Military Communications Conference, 1995, 474
[21] Don Parker. Microwave Industry outlook-defense applications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, Vol.50, NO.3
[22] M. Rojavin, M. Ziskin. Medical application of millimetre waves, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 1998, Vol.91, NO.1:57
[23] a b Pakhomov, A.G., Murphy, P.R.. Low-intensity millimeter waves as a novel therapeutic modality, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2000, Vol.28, NO.1
[24] Betskii, O.V., Devyatkov, N.D., Kislov,V. Low intensity millimeter Waves in medicine and biology, Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2000, Vol.28, NO.1&2:247-268
[25] Brodie Clark. Securing the border. Government Business. Vol.16, NO.10:25
[26] Ryan KL, D'Andrea JA, Jauchem JR, et al. Radio frequency radiation of millimeter wave length: potential occupational safety issues relating to surface heating. Health Physics, 2000, 78(2),
[27] Andrew McClanahan, Sergey Kharkovsky, et al. Depth evaluation of shallow surface cracks in metals using rectangular waveguides at millimeter-wave frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, JUNE 2010, Vol.59, NO.6
[28] Manfred Hagelen, Gunnar Briese, et al. A millimetrewave landing aid approach for helicopters under brown-out conditions. 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
[29] SeanT.Nicolson, KeithA.Tang, KennethH.K.Yaul, Pascal Chevalier, Bernard Sautreuil and SorinP.Voinigescu. A low-voltage SiGe BiCMOS 77-GHz automotive radar chipset. IEEE Trsactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, MAY 2008, Vol.56, NO.5
[30] Doppler sensor heads application note. http://www.ducommun.com/
[31]钦耀坤.民用毫米波的最新进展.第七届全国毫米波亚毫米波学术会议论文集
[32]刘邹.基于DSP的测速雷达数据采集和处理:[硕士学位论文],无锡:江南大学,2008
[33]陈亮.数字便携式雷达测速仪:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2003
[34]常庆功.被动毫米波探测器的信号获取、分析及目标辨识:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京理工大学,2005
[35]陈芳.脉冲多普勒雷达目标回波模拟技术研究:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京理工大学,2006
[36]张武娟.雷达测速在列车运行中的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文],长沙,中南大学,2008
[37]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005, 2-3
[38] Javier Gismero, Jesus Grajal. 9 GHz phase locked oscillator using a sampling phase detector. Application to VSAT local oscillators (18-27GHz). The 23rd European Microwave Conference, 1993, 784-786
[39] J.L.Jimenez, J.Gismero, Ma B.Notario, et al. A low cost, high performance PLDRO for a 28GHz LMDS system. The 30th European Microwave Conference, 2000, 1-3
[40]陈桂森.宽温X波段取样锁相源.2001全国微波毫米波会议,458-460
[41]陶焕磊,徐军,薛良金,等.毫米波频率综合器的研制.空间电子技术,2002,(04):22-26
[42]庞建涛,陈福媛. X频段取样锁相频率合成器——PDRO.电讯技术,2007,47(02):104-108
[43]骆明伟.低相噪锁相介质振荡器的研制:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[44]严羽.X波段低相噪取样锁相介质振荡器:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[45]吴大鹏.基于取样锁相技术的X波段PLDRO研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2010
[46] M-Pulse Inc. Theory and Application of Sampling Phase Detector. Application Note 5001, 2005
[47] Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia, A.P.SKhanna. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, 2rd Edition(英译本).中国:电子工业出版社,2006,319-326
[48] M-Pulse Inc. MP7200 Datasheet, 2010:2
[49] NEC Inc. 2SC3357 Datasheet, 1997:1-4
[50] MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTOR. MGF1601B Datasheet, 1997:1-3
[51] Analog Device Inc. ADL5330 Datasheet, 2005
[52] M/A-COM Technology Solutions. ETC1-1-13 Datasheet, 2010
[53] Analog Device Inc. AD8317 Datasheet, 2008
[54] Analog Device Inc. AD9632 Datasheet, 2003
[55]姚兆宁.雷达RCS目标特性测量与分析:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2003
[56] Bassem R. Mahafza, Atef Z. Elsherbeni. MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design. Mississippi: Oxford, 2003, 17-34
[2]伍捍东.毫米波测量设备新产品介绍.微波学报,1991,02
[3]汪海勇.毫米波测量设备的两项新成果.电子技术,1987,02
[4]陈春秀.毫米波小型测速雷达的结构设计.电子机械工程,1995,01
[5]徐国兴,周喜鸿.毫米波技术在铁路编组站上应用──T.CL-2型驼峰测速雷达.铁道通信信号,1994,07
[6]蔡竟业,王文钦,杨远望.微波、毫米波相位噪声测试系统的研制.测试技术学报,2006,02
[7]宋林丽,王代华,卫冬林,等.毫米波引信多普勒信号测试系统研究.中北大学学报, 2008,03
[8]郑鑫,杨建宇,李良超,等.3mm波便携式辐射计数据采集与测试系统.仪表技术与传感器,2008,02
[9]全绍辉,何国瑜,徐永斌.新型微波-毫米波幅相测试系统及扩展应用.微波学报,2002,03
[10]袁菌.日新月异的毫米波和太赫兹成像技术.电子技术,2006,01
[11]桂磊.毫米波测试系统自检与故障定位:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京理工大学,2009
[12]黄振起,何敏敏,胡建凯,等.毫米波FMCW收发组件技术研究.微波学报,1999,15(3)
[13] Jian Huang, Tiguo Gan, Yongquan Zou. A Novel W-band Fully Coherent Solid-state Radar Transceiver. 2001 CIE International Conference on Radar Proceedings: 907-911
[14]夏磊.毫米波接收前端多芯片组件实用化技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[15]唐小宏,吴涛,马海虹.95GHz测速雷达前端研究.第6届全国毫米波亚毫米波学术会议论文集.哈尔滨,2006
[16]杨帆.W波段连续波相参多普勒雷达前端关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[17]杨秀强.低成本Ka波段多普勒测速前端及信号处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[18] Axel Tessmann, Steffen Kudszus, Tobias Feltgen, et al. compact doppler sensor operating at 31-32 GHz using a SiGe HBT MMIC and patch antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, Vol.50, NO.12
[19] S.P.Voinigescu, T.O.Dickson, R.Beerkens, et al. A Comparison of Si CMOS, SiGe BiCMOS, and InP HBT Technologies for High-Speed and Millimeter-Wave ICs. 2004 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems: Digest of Papers, 2004, 111-114,
[20] Mark Maleski, BoozeAllen, Hamilton Inc. Internetworking through MILSTAR. Military Communications Conference, 1995, 474
[21] Don Parker. Microwave Industry outlook-defense applications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, Vol.50, NO.3
[22] M. Rojavin, M. Ziskin. Medical application of millimetre waves, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 1998, Vol.91, NO.1:57
[23] a b Pakhomov, A.G., Murphy, P.R.. Low-intensity millimeter waves as a novel therapeutic modality, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2000, Vol.28, NO.1
[24] Betskii, O.V., Devyatkov, N.D., Kislov,V. Low intensity millimeter Waves in medicine and biology, Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2000, Vol.28, NO.1&2:247-268
[25] Brodie Clark. Securing the border. Government Business. Vol.16, NO.10:25
[26] Ryan KL, D'Andrea JA, Jauchem JR, et al. Radio frequency radiation of millimeter wave length: potential occupational safety issues relating to surface heating. Health Physics, 2000, 78(2),
[27] Andrew McClanahan, Sergey Kharkovsky, et al. Depth evaluation of shallow surface cracks in metals using rectangular waveguides at millimeter-wave frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, JUNE 2010, Vol.59, NO.6
[28] Manfred Hagelen, Gunnar Briese, et al. A millimetrewave landing aid approach for helicopters under brown-out conditions. 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
[29] SeanT.Nicolson, KeithA.Tang, KennethH.K.Yaul, Pascal Chevalier, Bernard Sautreuil and SorinP.Voinigescu. A low-voltage SiGe BiCMOS 77-GHz automotive radar chipset. IEEE Trsactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, MAY 2008, Vol.56, NO.5
[30] Doppler sensor heads application note. http://www.ducommun.com/
[31]钦耀坤.民用毫米波的最新进展.第七届全国毫米波亚毫米波学术会议论文集
[32]刘邹.基于DSP的测速雷达数据采集和处理:[硕士学位论文],无锡:江南大学,2008
[33]陈亮.数字便携式雷达测速仪:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2003
[34]常庆功.被动毫米波探测器的信号获取、分析及目标辨识:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京理工大学,2005
[35]陈芳.脉冲多普勒雷达目标回波模拟技术研究:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京理工大学,2006
[36]张武娟.雷达测速在列车运行中的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文],长沙,中南大学,2008
[37]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005, 2-3
[38] Javier Gismero, Jesus Grajal. 9 GHz phase locked oscillator using a sampling phase detector. Application to VSAT local oscillators (18-27GHz). The 23rd European Microwave Conference, 1993, 784-786
[39] J.L.Jimenez, J.Gismero, Ma B.Notario, et al. A low cost, high performance PLDRO for a 28GHz LMDS system. The 30th European Microwave Conference, 2000, 1-3
[40]陈桂森.宽温X波段取样锁相源.2001全国微波毫米波会议,458-460
[41]陶焕磊,徐军,薛良金,等.毫米波频率综合器的研制.空间电子技术,2002,(04):22-26
[42]庞建涛,陈福媛. X频段取样锁相频率合成器——PDRO.电讯技术,2007,47(02):104-108
[43]骆明伟.低相噪锁相介质振荡器的研制:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[44]严羽.X波段低相噪取样锁相介质振荡器:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[45]吴大鹏.基于取样锁相技术的X波段PLDRO研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2010
[46] M-Pulse Inc. Theory and Application of Sampling Phase Detector. Application Note 5001, 2005
[47] Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia, A.P.SKhanna. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, 2rd Edition(英译本).中国:电子工业出版社,2006,319-326
[48] M-Pulse Inc. MP7200 Datasheet, 2010:2
[49] NEC Inc. 2SC3357 Datasheet, 1997:1-4
[50] MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTOR. MGF1601B Datasheet, 1997:1-3
[51] Analog Device Inc. ADL5330 Datasheet, 2005
[52] M/A-COM Technology Solutions. ETC1-1-13 Datasheet, 2010
[53] Analog Device Inc. AD8317 Datasheet, 2008
[54] Analog Device Inc. AD9632 Datasheet, 2003
[55]姚兆宁.雷达RCS目标特性测量与分析:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2003
[56] Bassem R. Mahafza, Atef Z. Elsherbeni. MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design. Mississippi: Oxford, 2003, 17-34