摘要
几十年来,惯性制导元件的方向是要获得越来越高的性能。这就要求加速度计具
有低成本和极高的可靠性。振梁加速度计的技术特点证明它在惯导领域大有前途。
石英振梁加速度计VBA(vibration Beam Accelerometer)是采用力敏感石英梁作为敏
感器件,直接能够数字输出的一种新型加速度计。由于其本身所具有的低成本、低复
杂度、功耗小及与数字导航系统兼容等特点,故有着传统的模拟量输出的加速度计所
不可比拟的优点,因此必将取代传统的模拟量输出的加速度计。
本文从设计一个简单、实用的双梁结构的VBA角度出发,先概括地介绍了VBA
的原理、发展背景及目前国内外发展状况,阐述在我国开展VBA技术研制的必要性和
紧迫性。紧接着对其结构和工作原理进行探讨,说明开展此项技术研究是可行的,并
重点设计了力敏感石英梁晶控振荡电路和频率测量电路。另外,本文还分别设计了三
种温度补偿电路以降低VBA表头对温度的敏感,以进一步提高了精度,并通过计算机
进行仿真分析、以验证方案的可行性。还提出了几种算法来对输入加速度和输出频率
之间的量值关系进行描述。
目前,课题研究已经成功地装配出国产VBA实验室样机。单梁结构样机的各项
性能指标已与国外先进水平相差无几;双梁结构样机也已实现基本功能,但一些性能
指标还有待进一步加强。
In navigation systems ,higher and higher performancs have been needed by the inertia
components for A few dacades. Accelerometers with low cost and high reliability are badly
needed. Vibration Beam Accelerometer indicate its futer for its inhere characteristics.
Vibrating Beam Accelerometer (VBA) is virtually a solid state accelerometer with an
inherent digital output, which utilizes force-sensitive vibrating quartz beams as the basic
sensing elements. More and more research and development have be spurred because its
advantages of cost, complexity, power and compatibility with digital navigation systems.
In this paper, the VBA's background and its present situation inside and outside our
country will be discussed. Some research will be put into the VBA's configuration and
principles. Emphases will be put into the designs of quartz crystal oscillator electronic and the
frequency measurement electronic. Meanwhile, temperature-compensating electronics will be
designed for each electronic mentioned above. In order to advance the precision of the
accelerometer, temperature compensation is necessarily. Simulation will be done on the
computer so as to validate the functions.
Now, the VBA showpieces have been produced successfully. Samples with one beam
behave great, their performance is as well as the American BVA 's. But the samples with two
beams need to be promoved.
引文
1 New-Sensor Concepts-Low Cost Vibrating Beam Accelermeter. W. C. Albert The Singer Company Kearfott Division 1982.4
2 Church. A. h,Mechanical Vibration, John Wiley, 1957
3 晶体振荡器设计与温度补偿 [美]M.E.弗雷金
4 高精度惯性器件译文集(加速度计) 航天33所 1999
5 频率及时间计量 周渭 朱根富 陕西科学技术出版社
6 数字电路逻辑设计 韩振振 李亚伯 大连理工大学出版社
7 惯性导航加速度计 何铁春 周世勤 国防工业出版社
8 石英振梁加速度计方案研究报告 李洪 航天33所
9 国内外标准集成电路(高速CMOS)数据手册 电子工业出版社
10 MATLAB5.3实用教程 王炳武 中国水利水电出版社
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12 惯性导航原理 邓正隆 1988.10
13 高等数学(一、二) 高等教育出版社
14 压电石英晶体 秦自楷等 国防工业出版社