基于PRO/E的三牙轮钻头CAD系统的研究与开发
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摘要
三牙轮钻头是石油钻井的重要工具，其性能和质量对钻井速度和成本影响很大。三牙轮钻头结构复杂，其中齿面结构直接与地层接触，对于岩石破碎过程和钻头工作性能的影响最大。进行齿面结构设计时，应用先进的CAD技术来进一步改进和提高其设计手段非常重要。
著名的3D CAD／CAM系统Pro／E由于具有参数化设计特性，在全世界范围内受到广泛应用。在Pro／E环境下开发三牙轮钻头的啮合设计在国内外还未见到，因而本系统选择Pro／E为二次开发平台，采用参数化设计思想，利用Pro／Toolkit和Delphi联合编程，适合三牙轮钻头二维啮合设计、牙轮牙齿三维实体造型和装配。
本人主要做了以下方面的工作：
1．建立了以下几种二维参数化模型：(1)牙轮初始轮廓；(2)六种牙齿，包括平顶齿、锥形齿、球形齿、楔形齿、边楔齿和勺形齿；(3)十二种齿槽，其中六种牙轮齿圈之间的齿槽、六种牙轮顶端的齿槽。
2．绘制了井底击碎曲线，并且井底击碎曲线能随着井底击碎图上牙齿位置的变化而变化。
3．解决了三牙轮钻头二维啮合设计中的关键技术—联动布齿，通过鼠标移动和旋转任意一个牙齿，同一齿圈上的其它两个牙齿做相同的位置变动。
4．自动计算相邻牙轮之间牙齿与齿槽的最小啮合间隙和牙齿底部到牙轮内孔的最小壁厚。
5．对三个牙轮进行了三维实体造型。
6．建立了六种牙齿的三维参数化模型。
7．对牙轮和牙齿分别进行了装配，为三维啮合间隙计算做了充分准备。
通过本软件的应用，可以缩短三牙轮钻头的设计周期，提高产品的设计质量，提高企业的技术创新能力和市场竞争能力。
Tri-cone rock bit is the important tool in oil drilling,so its capability and quantity affect the speed and cost of oil drilling greatly. The structure of tri-cone rock bit is complicated. As the cutting structure touch the stratum directly,it affects the process of breaking rock and the performance of tri-cone rock bit. When we design the cutting structure,it is very important to improve and enhance the design means with advanced CAD technology.
Owing to its characteristic of parametric design,the famous software Pro/E of PTC,one 3D CAD/CAM system,is applied worldwide. It is not reported that any software has been developed on the engaging design of tri-cone rock bit with Pro/E workbench in China and other countries. Therefore,this software is developed with Pro/E2000i on 2D engaging design and 3D models design of cones and inserts and their assembly,and the program languages are Pro/Toolkit and Delphi.
The content of this paper includes as follows:
1. Set up the following 2D parametric models:(Dinitial contour of cone. (2)six types of inserts:cut insert,conical insert,ovoid insert,chisel insert,gage insert and scoop chisel insert. (3)twelve types of slots:six slots between the rows of inserts;six slots on the head of cone.
2. Draw the curve of breaking rock on hole,and the curve changes along with the position of the inserts.
3. Solve the key problem during the 2D engaging design of the tri-cone rock bit. If you move or rotate any insert with mouse,the other two inserts in the same cycle change same positions.
4. Calculate the engaging distance between inserts and slots and the least thickness from bearing to contour of cone automatically.
5. Create the 3D models of three cones.
6. Set up the 3D parametric models of six inserts.
7. Assemble inserts and cones respectively,and prepare for calculating 3D engaging distance of tri-cone rock bit.
Application the system to the design of tri-cone rock bit,will
shorten the developing cycle of new products,and improve the design quality,and increase the technology innovation of enterprise and enhance the market competition.
著名的3D CAD／CAM系统Pro／E由于具有参数化设计特性，在全世界范围内受到广泛应用。在Pro／E环境下开发三牙轮钻头的啮合设计在国内外还未见到，因而本系统选择Pro／E为二次开发平台，采用参数化设计思想，利用Pro／Toolkit和Delphi联合编程，适合三牙轮钻头二维啮合设计、牙轮牙齿三维实体造型和装配。
本人主要做了以下方面的工作：
1．建立了以下几种二维参数化模型：(1)牙轮初始轮廓；(2)六种牙齿，包括平顶齿、锥形齿、球形齿、楔形齿、边楔齿和勺形齿；(3)十二种齿槽，其中六种牙轮齿圈之间的齿槽、六种牙轮顶端的齿槽。
2．绘制了井底击碎曲线，并且井底击碎曲线能随着井底击碎图上牙齿位置的变化而变化。
3．解决了三牙轮钻头二维啮合设计中的关键技术—联动布齿，通过鼠标移动和旋转任意一个牙齿，同一齿圈上的其它两个牙齿做相同的位置变动。
4．自动计算相邻牙轮之间牙齿与齿槽的最小啮合间隙和牙齿底部到牙轮内孔的最小壁厚。
5．对三个牙轮进行了三维实体造型。
6．建立了六种牙齿的三维参数化模型。
7．对牙轮和牙齿分别进行了装配，为三维啮合间隙计算做了充分准备。
通过本软件的应用，可以缩短三牙轮钻头的设计周期，提高产品的设计质量，提高企业的技术创新能力和市场竞争能力。
Tri-cone rock bit is the important tool in oil drilling,so its capability and quantity affect the speed and cost of oil drilling greatly. The structure of tri-cone rock bit is complicated. As the cutting structure touch the stratum directly,it affects the process of breaking rock and the performance of tri-cone rock bit. When we design the cutting structure,it is very important to improve and enhance the design means with advanced CAD technology.
Owing to its characteristic of parametric design,the famous software Pro/E of PTC,one 3D CAD/CAM system,is applied worldwide. It is not reported that any software has been developed on the engaging design of tri-cone rock bit with Pro/E workbench in China and other countries. Therefore,this software is developed with Pro/E2000i on 2D engaging design and 3D models design of cones and inserts and their assembly,and the program languages are Pro/Toolkit and Delphi.
The content of this paper includes as follows:
1. Set up the following 2D parametric models:(Dinitial contour of cone. (2)six types of inserts:cut insert,conical insert,ovoid insert,chisel insert,gage insert and scoop chisel insert. (3)twelve types of slots:six slots between the rows of inserts;six slots on the head of cone.
2. Draw the curve of breaking rock on hole,and the curve changes along with the position of the inserts.
3. Solve the key problem during the 2D engaging design of the tri-cone rock bit. If you move or rotate any insert with mouse,the other two inserts in the same cycle change same positions.
4. Calculate the engaging distance between inserts and slots and the least thickness from bearing to contour of cone automatically.
5. Create the 3D models of three cones.
6. Set up the 3D parametric models of six inserts.
7. Assemble inserts and cones respectively,and prepare for calculating 3D engaging distance of tri-cone rock bit.
Application the system to the design of tri-cone rock bit,will
shorten the developing cycle of new products,and improve the design quality,and increase the technology innovation of enterprise and enhance the market competition.
引文
[1] 马德坤，牙轮钻头工作力学，石油工业出版社，1992．6
[2] 谭浩强，C语言设计，清华大学出版社，1988
[3] 王纬：计算机辅助分析与设计。陕西科学技术出版社，1996．4
[4] 李凌丰 曹敏，CAD基础及应用，浙江科学技术出版社，1999．4
[5] 童秉枢 李学志等，机械CAD技术基础，清华大学出版社，1996．6
[6] 王贤坤，机械CAD／CAM技术、应用与开发，机械工业出版社，2000．11
[7] 王知行 李建生等，机械CAD与仿真技术，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2000．7
[8] 江涛 钟宏，数据结构—C语言版，1995．2
[9] 李建中 王珊，数据库系统原理，电子工业出版社，1998．8
[10] 张海藩，软件工程导论，清华大学出版社，1992．6
[11] 欧阳春梅，丁秋林等编，实体造型技术，国防工业出版社，1991
[12] 唐容锡等，计算机图形学基础，科学出版社，1990
[13] 孙正兴，秋林，基于特征的机械设计CAD系统研究，机械设计，1993(3)
[14] 谭浩强等编著，程序设计与开发技术，清华大学出版社，1991
[15] 李庆扬等编，数值分析，华中理工大学出版社，1994
[16] 应道宁等，中国CAD／CAM应用与研究，电子科技大学出版社，1992
[17] AutoCAD与C的接口分析，王福军，清华大学出版社，1993
[18] AutoCAD Development System Programmer's Reference, Autodesk Inc., 1993
[19] Boris Allan, C programming principle & practice, Paradigm Publishing, 1987
[20] Herbert Schildt, C: The Complete Reference, McGraw-Hill, 1990
[21] William S.Davis, System Analysis and Design: A Structured approach, Addison-Wesley Pubishing Company, 1983
[22] Ibrahim Zeid, CAD/CAM Theory and Practice, McGraw-Hill Inc.,
1991
[23] Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 89, Computer Aided Design Modelling, System Engineering, CAD System, New York, 1980
[24] 陈举华编著，机械零部件计算机辅助设计，机械工业出版社，1997
[25] 唐任仲编，工程应用软件开发技术，化学工业出版社，1999
[26] 孙文焕，魏生民等编，机械CAD应用与开发技术，西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[27] 余晶，基于CAD模型的特征参数化定义的方法，计算机辅助设计及制造，1998(10)
[28] AutoCAD与高级语言及数据库的联接与通讯，机械设计与制造，1999(1)
[29] 蔡青等主编，CAD／CAM系统的可视化、集成化、智能化、网络化，西北工业大学出版社，1996
[30] 沈伟烈主编，计算机图形学教程，北京航空工业出版社，1995
[31] 郑启心编著，软件工程方法，科学出版社，1993
[32] 钱汗臣编著，计算机图形学与CAD技术，西南师范大学出版社，1996
[33] B．Stroustrup著，C++程序设计语言，清华大学出版社，1988
[34] 刘海涛编著，Delphi程序设计基础，清华大学出版社，2001．5
[35] Pro/Engineer Online Books, Parametric Technology Corporation
[36] Pro/TOOLKIT Online Browse, Parametric Technology Corporation
[2] 谭浩强，C语言设计，清华大学出版社，1988
[3] 王纬：计算机辅助分析与设计。陕西科学技术出版社，1996．4
[4] 李凌丰 曹敏，CAD基础及应用，浙江科学技术出版社，1999．4
[5] 童秉枢 李学志等，机械CAD技术基础，清华大学出版社，1996．6
[6] 王贤坤，机械CAD／CAM技术、应用与开发，机械工业出版社，2000．11
[7] 王知行 李建生等，机械CAD与仿真技术，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2000．7
[8] 江涛 钟宏，数据结构—C语言版，1995．2
[9] 李建中 王珊，数据库系统原理，电子工业出版社，1998．8
[10] 张海藩，软件工程导论，清华大学出版社，1992．6
[11] 欧阳春梅，丁秋林等编，实体造型技术，国防工业出版社，1991
[12] 唐容锡等，计算机图形学基础，科学出版社，1990
[13] 孙正兴，秋林，基于特征的机械设计CAD系统研究，机械设计，1993(3)
[14] 谭浩强等编著，程序设计与开发技术，清华大学出版社，1991
[15] 李庆扬等编，数值分析，华中理工大学出版社，1994
[16] 应道宁等，中国CAD／CAM应用与研究，电子科技大学出版社，1992
[17] AutoCAD与C的接口分析，王福军，清华大学出版社，1993
[18] AutoCAD Development System Programmer's Reference, Autodesk Inc., 1993
[19] Boris Allan, C programming principle & practice, Paradigm Publishing, 1987
[20] Herbert Schildt, C: The Complete Reference, McGraw-Hill, 1990
[21] William S.Davis, System Analysis and Design: A Structured approach, Addison-Wesley Pubishing Company, 1983
[22] Ibrahim Zeid, CAD/CAM Theory and Practice, McGraw-Hill Inc.,
1991
[23] Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 89, Computer Aided Design Modelling, System Engineering, CAD System, New York, 1980
[24] 陈举华编著，机械零部件计算机辅助设计，机械工业出版社，1997
[25] 唐任仲编，工程应用软件开发技术，化学工业出版社，1999
[26] 孙文焕，魏生民等编，机械CAD应用与开发技术，西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[27] 余晶，基于CAD模型的特征参数化定义的方法，计算机辅助设计及制造，1998(10)
[28] AutoCAD与高级语言及数据库的联接与通讯，机械设计与制造，1999(1)
[29] 蔡青等主编，CAD／CAM系统的可视化、集成化、智能化、网络化，西北工业大学出版社，1996
[30] 沈伟烈主编，计算机图形学教程，北京航空工业出版社，1995
[31] 郑启心编著，软件工程方法，科学出版社，1993
[32] 钱汗臣编著，计算机图形学与CAD技术，西南师范大学出版社，1996
[33] B．Stroustrup著，C++程序设计语言，清华大学出版社，1988
[34] 刘海涛编著，Delphi程序设计基础，清华大学出版社，2001．5
[35] Pro/Engineer Online Books, Parametric Technology Corporation
[36] Pro/TOOLKIT Online Browse, Parametric Technology Corporation