基于DSP的设备状态监测与分析平台的开发研究
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摘要
工业领域许多关键设备都有状态监测和信号分析的需求,这促使人们开发出各式各样的仪器来满足要求。随着电子技术的不断提高,基于不同硬件和软件架构的状态监测与分析仪成为研究的热点。
在比较了国内外状态监测与分析仪发展现状后,本文提出了一种以TI公司的C2000系列DSP-TMS320F2812为核心处理器,以复杂可编程逻辑器CPLD为逻辑和时序控制器的多功能状态监测与分析软硬件通用平台。外扩大容量的静态存储器SRAM保证了实时数据不丢失,DSP内部集成的强大功能CAN总线控制器eCAN被用来数据传输,克服了传统RS-485总线的弊端。通过对外部信号的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实例来说明硬件系统的构成、内部A/D转换器的使用和软件开发环境的建立过程。同时介绍了实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ移植到DSP平台的必要性和可行性,用较大篇幅介绍了μC/OS-Ⅱ的运行机理,并给出了移植中的关键代码。嵌入式操作系统和DSP相结合的开发平台提高了软件的可靠性和实时性,可以使仪器在不改变硬件设计的情况下,通过搭配不同领域的软件实现多种设备数据的采集、存储、分析和通讯。
最后,一个简易的基于经验表的轴承诊断系统被运用到该嵌入式平台上去。通过实际测试表明,该平台能够达到预期设想的目标。
Many key equipments of industrial fields have demands of status monitoring and signal analysis. Therefore kinds of instruments are developed. With the development of electronic industry, more and more people are focusing on instruments for status monitoring and signal analysis based on different hardware and software framework.
The development of instruments for status monitoring and signal analysis at home and that of at overseas is firstly compared. A multi- function status monitor, signal analyzer, based on DSP-TMS320F2812 and Complex Programmed Logic Devices (CPLD), is discussed. Large-scale SRAM chips are used to avoid of losing real-time data. Powerful CAN bus controller, eCAN, is used to transmit data, which is integrated in the DSP. CAN bus has lots of advantages over the RS-485 bus. How the hardware system is constructed, how the ADC is used and how the software development environment is built, all of these will be demonstrated through a FFT example of a extern signal. The possibility and necessity of porting embedded real-time operation system,μC/OS-Ⅱ, to DSP platform is introduced. This platform can improve reliability and real-time performance of software. And special software is used to obtain the capability of multi-channel data acquisition, storage, analysis and communication without changing hardware design.
In the end,a expert axletree system is discussed. The test do well as it is expected.
在比较了国内外状态监测与分析仪发展现状后,本文提出了一种以TI公司的C2000系列DSP-TMS320F2812为核心处理器,以复杂可编程逻辑器CPLD为逻辑和时序控制器的多功能状态监测与分析软硬件通用平台。外扩大容量的静态存储器SRAM保证了实时数据不丢失,DSP内部集成的强大功能CAN总线控制器eCAN被用来数据传输,克服了传统RS-485总线的弊端。通过对外部信号的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实例来说明硬件系统的构成、内部A/D转换器的使用和软件开发环境的建立过程。同时介绍了实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ移植到DSP平台的必要性和可行性,用较大篇幅介绍了μC/OS-Ⅱ的运行机理,并给出了移植中的关键代码。嵌入式操作系统和DSP相结合的开发平台提高了软件的可靠性和实时性,可以使仪器在不改变硬件设计的情况下,通过搭配不同领域的软件实现多种设备数据的采集、存储、分析和通讯。
最后,一个简易的基于经验表的轴承诊断系统被运用到该嵌入式平台上去。通过实际测试表明,该平台能够达到预期设想的目标。
Many key equipments of industrial fields have demands of status monitoring and signal analysis. Therefore kinds of instruments are developed. With the development of electronic industry, more and more people are focusing on instruments for status monitoring and signal analysis based on different hardware and software framework.
The development of instruments for status monitoring and signal analysis at home and that of at overseas is firstly compared. A multi- function status monitor, signal analyzer, based on DSP-TMS320F2812 and Complex Programmed Logic Devices (CPLD), is discussed. Large-scale SRAM chips are used to avoid of losing real-time data. Powerful CAN bus controller, eCAN, is used to transmit data, which is integrated in the DSP. CAN bus has lots of advantages over the RS-485 bus. How the hardware system is constructed, how the ADC is used and how the software development environment is built, all of these will be demonstrated through a FFT example of a extern signal. The possibility and necessity of porting embedded real-time operation system,μC/OS-Ⅱ, to DSP platform is introduced. This platform can improve reliability and real-time performance of software. And special software is used to obtain the capability of multi-channel data acquisition, storage, analysis and communication without changing hardware design.
In the end,a expert axletree system is discussed. The test do well as it is expected.
引文
[1] 陈大禧等编.机械设备故障诊断基础知识.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1996: 2
[2] 施维新著.汽轮发电机组振动及事故.北京:中国电力出版社,1999: 14
[3] 张正松,傅尚新,冯冠平,徐玉铮编著.旋转机械振动监测及故障诊断.北京:机械工业出版社,1991: 45
[4] 崔龙,周启明等.基于 ARM 的实时测控系统开发平台.单片机与嵌入式系统应用 2003:47-50
[6] 徐欣.面向 21 世纪的嵌入式系统设计技术.长沙,国防科大出版社,2003.9: 6
[7] 赵昊彤,李荐民等.在μC/OS 下实现的嵌入式分布控制.北京:计算机工程学报,2001,27(12):153-154
[8] 李 明 . 嵌 入 式 互 连 网 络 接 口 的 设 计 与 开 发 . 南 京 : 工 业 控 制 计 算 机 2002,15(8):39-42
[9] 潘贞存,徐丙垠等.数字信号处理器 ADSP-2181 及其在电力系统测控中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,11(1):19-23
[10] 孟昭勇,梁军等.一种高性能电力监控仪.电力系统自动化,1998,22(1):65-66
[11] Jerry Epplin. Linux as an Embedded Operation System. Embedded Systems Programming. 1997,(10):34--37
[12] 周海芳,陈虎等.嵌入式系统软硬件联合设计方法,计算机工程与科学, 2001,23(6):98-102
[13] http://www.beelink.com/20010828/190267.shtml.2001.08
[14] TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual(SPRS174J.pdf), Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003,12:11
[15] Grosen, M. DSP Real-Time Operating System Coordinates Image Processing. ELECTRO'96.Professional Program.Somerset,NJ,USA,1996:123-129
[16] LABROSSE,邵贝贝译. μC/OS-Ⅱ源码公开的嵌入式实时操作系统.中国电力出版社,2001:1046,86-210
[17] 司栋森,嵌入式控制系统的可靠性设计.自动化仪表 2001,(11):6-8
[18] 王铁勇,侯明善,吴盘龙.嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的特点及应用.控制工程,2003, (1):50-52
[19] 张宏海,李成忠,陈祝亚.嵌入式实时系统.安徽工业大学学报,2003,(4): 11-13.
[20] Silvije Jovalekic, Martin Rieger. Design of a Microcomputer Platform with Real-Time Operating System for Laboratory Projects. Frontiers in Education Conference, 1997. 27`h Annual Conference. `Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change'. Proceedings. Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1997,3:1383-1387
[21] 王悦,徐颖 基于嵌入式操作系统实现焊缝轨迹智能跟踪系统.自动化与仪器仪表 2002,(6):41-44
[22] 师明珠.嵌入式应用系统软件设计技术研究.计算机工程与应用.2002,(7): 127-137
[23] 张利敏,丁坚勇.嵌入式技术及其在电力系统中的应用.继电器.2002,30(3):43-48
[24] 赵宇,冯锋 面向应用的嵌入式操作系统 航空计算技术.2002,32(1):56
[25] F.Thomas, M.M.Nayak. A Hardware/Software Codesign for Improved Data Acquisition in a Processor Based Embedded System. Microprocessor and Microsystems. 2000,(24):129-134
[26] LTC1064 datasheet Linear Technology,lt10642.pdf.1989
[27] 苏亲会,王梅花.FIFO 在计算机高速采集系统中的应用,电子计算机与外部设备,1999:43--49
[28]TMS320F28x External Interface (XINTF) Peripheral Reference Guide(SPRU067.pdf) .Texas Instruments,2003.09:41
[29] 付慧生.复杂可编程逻辑器件与应用设计.中国矿业大学出版社,2005.01:15
[30] Larry Doyle, Jon Elzey. Successful Use of Rate Monotonic Theory on a Formidable Real Time System. Real-Time Operating Systems and Software, 1994. RTOSS '94, Proceeding, IEEE Workshop on. Seattle, WA, USA,1994:74-75
[31] William Stallings. Operating systems Internals and Design Principles. Third Edition.Prentice-Hall International.Inc..2001:56-57
[32] Clifford W .Mercer, Hideyuki Tokuda. Preemptibility in Real-Time OperatingSystems. Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1992. Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1992:78—87
[33] V.Olive, S.Martin and A.Vareille. OS for Embedded Systems: State of the Art and Prospects. Microelectronic Engineering. 2000,54(12): 113-115
[34]Bruno Dutertre, Victoria Stavridou. Formal Analysis for Real-Time Scheduling. Digital Avionics Systems Conferences, 2000. Proceedings. DASC. The19th.Philadelphia,PA,USA,2000,1:1-7
[35]楚育军,刘守印.利用实时内核开发嵌入式多任务程序.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001.6:12-15
[36] Laplante,Phillip A. Real-Time System Design and Analysis, An Enginner's Handbook.Picataway,New Jersey:IEEE Computer Society Press. ISBN 0-780-334000.1992
[37]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理.西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.1:68-108
[38] http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/docs/toolsw/folders/print/sprc081.html
[39] 魏伟.经典振动故障的诊断,石油化工设备技术,1999.5:26
[40]吴今培,肖建华,智能故障诊断与专家系统.科学出版社,1997.4:17
[41]张湘,嵌入式系统和嵌入式操作系统,世界仪表与自动化,2002, 6 (5):12-16
[42]胡泽明 岳春生,嵌入式系统开发要素的选择分析,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003, 8: 5-8
[43]章珠曦,基于网络技术的嵌入式远程监测系统设计,硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2002
[44] M.Sacha. Measuring the Real-Time Operating System Performance. Real- Time Systems, 1995. Proceedings, Seventh Euromicro Workshop on. Odense, Denmark, 1995: 3440
[45] 王春铭,刘振华,郭去飞 实时操作系统中应用软件设计的任务划分.计算机工程.2000,26(7): 190-193
[46]蔡德聪等.工业控制计算机实时操作系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:10-11
[47]李仕涌,谭南林.多任务操作系统在嵌入式系统开发中的应用.北方交通大学学报.2002,26(4): 7983
[48]4 D. Mosse, O. Gudmundsson. Prototyping Real-Time Operating Systems: aCase Study. Rapid System Prototyping, 1990. `Shortening the Path from Specification to Prototype. First International Workshop on. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 1990: 144154
[49] Karlheinz Weib, Thorsten Stechstor. Performance Analysis of a RTOS by Emulation of an Embedded System. Rapid System Prototyping,1999.IEEE International Workshop on. Clearwater, FL, USA, 1999: 146-151
[50]余进,黄继武,多任务机制在单片机系统中的应用,电子技术应用,1999, 25(3): 14-16
[51]凌明,郑凯东等 嵌入式操作系统内核的实现.电子器件 1999,22(4):70
[52]吴乃优,王晓初等.现场总线及其对自动化领域的影响.电工技术杂志. 1998,(2):30-32
[2] 施维新著.汽轮发电机组振动及事故.北京:中国电力出版社,1999: 14
[3] 张正松,傅尚新,冯冠平,徐玉铮编著.旋转机械振动监测及故障诊断.北京:机械工业出版社,1991: 45
[4] 崔龙,周启明等.基于 ARM 的实时测控系统开发平台.单片机与嵌入式系统应用 2003:47-50
[6] 徐欣.面向 21 世纪的嵌入式系统设计技术.长沙,国防科大出版社,2003.9: 6
[7] 赵昊彤,李荐民等.在μC/OS 下实现的嵌入式分布控制.北京:计算机工程学报,2001,27(12):153-154
[8] 李 明 . 嵌 入 式 互 连 网 络 接 口 的 设 计 与 开 发 . 南 京 : 工 业 控 制 计 算 机 2002,15(8):39-42
[9] 潘贞存,徐丙垠等.数字信号处理器 ADSP-2181 及其在电力系统测控中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,11(1):19-23
[10] 孟昭勇,梁军等.一种高性能电力监控仪.电力系统自动化,1998,22(1):65-66
[11] Jerry Epplin. Linux as an Embedded Operation System. Embedded Systems Programming. 1997,(10):34--37
[12] 周海芳,陈虎等.嵌入式系统软硬件联合设计方法,计算机工程与科学, 2001,23(6):98-102
[13] http://www.beelink.com/20010828/190267.shtml.2001.08
[14] TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual(SPRS174J.pdf), Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003,12:11
[15] Grosen, M. DSP Real-Time Operating System Coordinates Image Processing. ELECTRO'96.Professional Program.Somerset,NJ,USA,1996:123-129
[16] LABROSSE,邵贝贝译. μC/OS-Ⅱ源码公开的嵌入式实时操作系统.中国电力出版社,2001:1046,86-210
[17] 司栋森,嵌入式控制系统的可靠性设计.自动化仪表 2001,(11):6-8
[18] 王铁勇,侯明善,吴盘龙.嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的特点及应用.控制工程,2003, (1):50-52
[19] 张宏海,李成忠,陈祝亚.嵌入式实时系统.安徽工业大学学报,2003,(4): 11-13.
[20] Silvije Jovalekic, Martin Rieger. Design of a Microcomputer Platform with Real-Time Operating System for Laboratory Projects. Frontiers in Education Conference, 1997. 27`h Annual Conference. `Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change'. Proceedings. Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1997,3:1383-1387
[21] 王悦,徐颖 基于嵌入式操作系统实现焊缝轨迹智能跟踪系统.自动化与仪器仪表 2002,(6):41-44
[22] 师明珠.嵌入式应用系统软件设计技术研究.计算机工程与应用.2002,(7): 127-137
[23] 张利敏,丁坚勇.嵌入式技术及其在电力系统中的应用.继电器.2002,30(3):43-48
[24] 赵宇,冯锋 面向应用的嵌入式操作系统 航空计算技术.2002,32(1):56
[25] F.Thomas, M.M.Nayak. A Hardware/Software Codesign for Improved Data Acquisition in a Processor Based Embedded System. Microprocessor and Microsystems. 2000,(24):129-134
[26] LTC1064 datasheet Linear Technology,lt10642.pdf.1989
[27] 苏亲会,王梅花.FIFO 在计算机高速采集系统中的应用,电子计算机与外部设备,1999:43--49
[28]TMS320F28x External Interface (XINTF) Peripheral Reference Guide(SPRU067.pdf) .Texas Instruments,2003.09:41
[29] 付慧生.复杂可编程逻辑器件与应用设计.中国矿业大学出版社,2005.01:15
[30] Larry Doyle, Jon Elzey. Successful Use of Rate Monotonic Theory on a Formidable Real Time System. Real-Time Operating Systems and Software, 1994. RTOSS '94, Proceeding, IEEE Workshop on. Seattle, WA, USA,1994:74-75
[31] William Stallings. Operating systems Internals and Design Principles. Third Edition.Prentice-Hall International.Inc..2001:56-57
[32] Clifford W .Mercer, Hideyuki Tokuda. Preemptibility in Real-Time OperatingSystems. Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1992. Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1992:78—87
[33] V.Olive, S.Martin and A.Vareille. OS for Embedded Systems: State of the Art and Prospects. Microelectronic Engineering. 2000,54(12): 113-115
[34]Bruno Dutertre, Victoria Stavridou. Formal Analysis for Real-Time Scheduling. Digital Avionics Systems Conferences, 2000. Proceedings. DASC. The19th.Philadelphia,PA,USA,2000,1:1-7
[35]楚育军,刘守印.利用实时内核开发嵌入式多任务程序.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001.6:12-15
[36] Laplante,Phillip A. Real-Time System Design and Analysis, An Enginner's Handbook.Picataway,New Jersey:IEEE Computer Society Press. ISBN 0-780-334000.1992
[37]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理.西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.1:68-108
[38] http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/docs/toolsw/folders/print/sprc081.html
[39] 魏伟.经典振动故障的诊断,石油化工设备技术,1999.5:26
[40]吴今培,肖建华,智能故障诊断与专家系统.科学出版社,1997.4:17
[41]张湘,嵌入式系统和嵌入式操作系统,世界仪表与自动化,2002, 6 (5):12-16
[42]胡泽明 岳春生,嵌入式系统开发要素的选择分析,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003, 8: 5-8
[43]章珠曦,基于网络技术的嵌入式远程监测系统设计,硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2002
[44] M.Sacha. Measuring the Real-Time Operating System Performance. Real- Time Systems, 1995. Proceedings, Seventh Euromicro Workshop on. Odense, Denmark, 1995: 3440
[45] 王春铭,刘振华,郭去飞 实时操作系统中应用软件设计的任务划分.计算机工程.2000,26(7): 190-193
[46]蔡德聪等.工业控制计算机实时操作系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:10-11
[47]李仕涌,谭南林.多任务操作系统在嵌入式系统开发中的应用.北方交通大学学报.2002,26(4): 7983
[48]4 D. Mosse, O. Gudmundsson. Prototyping Real-Time Operating Systems: aCase Study. Rapid System Prototyping, 1990. `Shortening the Path from Specification to Prototype. First International Workshop on. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 1990: 144154
[49] Karlheinz Weib, Thorsten Stechstor. Performance Analysis of a RTOS by Emulation of an Embedded System. Rapid System Prototyping,1999.IEEE International Workshop on. Clearwater, FL, USA, 1999: 146-151
[50]余进,黄继武,多任务机制在单片机系统中的应用,电子技术应用,1999, 25(3): 14-16
[51]凌明,郑凯东等 嵌入式操作系统内核的实现.电子器件 1999,22(4):70
[52]吴乃优,王晓初等.现场总线及其对自动化领域的影响.电工技术杂志. 1998,(2):30-32