基于DSP的自动指纹识别系统的研究与开发
摘要
在现代社会中，越来越多的场合需要个人身份的认证，传统的“用户名+密码”的认证技术在安全性和便捷性上无法满足现行系统的要求。生物识别由于具有稳定性、唯一性和普遍性，得到了极大的发展和广泛的应用。指纹识别作为生物识别技术最为成功的应用之一，近年来已得到快速的发展和普及，成为最为实用的生物识别技术。
自动指纹识别系统是指纹识别技术的具体应用。本文在研究了自动指纹识别系统的结构以及DSP芯片的性能构造的基础上，设计开发了基于TI公司TMS320C6713B DSP芯片的嵌入式自动指纹识别系统的硬件平台，包括指纹采集模块、电源管理模块、时钟模块、数据存储及传输模块。另外，本文研究分析了C代码在C6713环境下的优化，提高了算法的运行效率。
本文第一章简要介绍了生物识别技术及指纹识别系统的发展与现状，指明了研究课题的目的及意义。第二章详细分析了自动指纹识别系统的结构及工作流程，并对嵌入式自动指纹识别系统专门进行了研究。第三章对系统所使用的TI系列DSP芯片的性能及技术指标进行研究分析，介绍了芯片选型原则，详细介绍了C6713 DSP芯片的结构特点。第四章详细介绍了该系统的硬件平台设计及实现过程，包括电源、时钟、存储、数据传输等各个模块的详细设计，给出各模块的硬件电路。第五章主要介绍了TI CCS集成开发环境，研究分析了DSP环境下的C代码优化，并对指纹识别的部分算法进行移植和优化。最后，对现有的问题进行了分析并对今后的工作进行了展望，提出了未来的工作方向。
In modern society, verification of personal ID is needed in more and more places. Traditional "Username+Password" way of identification gradually becomes not totally capable of satisfying current systems in safety and mobility. Identification system based on biometric characteristics is being greatly developed and widely used for its stability, uniqueness and universality. As the most successful application of biometric identification technique, fingerprint identification has been quickly developed and popularized.
Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is one of the specific applications of fingerprint identification technique. In this thesis, after some researches on AFIS and DSP chips, the hardware platform of an embedded AFIS based on TI TMS320C6713 DSP is established, including fingerprint collection module, power management module, clock module, data storage and communication module. Additionally, the optimization of C code in C6713 environment is analyzed to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.
The development and present situation of biological identification technique and AFIS are introduced briefly in the first chapter of this thesis. In the second chapter, the structure and work procedure of AFIS, especially embedded AFIS, are analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, the architecture of TI DSP, especially C6713 is expatiated, as well as the principle of selecting DSP chips. In chapter 4, the design and carrying out of the hardware platform are introduced in detail, including the scheme of every modules of the system. Then chapter 5 is mainly about the introduction of CCS and the optimization of C code in DSP environment. At last, current difficulties and future work are described.
自动指纹识别系统是指纹识别技术的具体应用。本文在研究了自动指纹识别系统的结构以及DSP芯片的性能构造的基础上，设计开发了基于TI公司TMS320C6713B DSP芯片的嵌入式自动指纹识别系统的硬件平台，包括指纹采集模块、电源管理模块、时钟模块、数据存储及传输模块。另外，本文研究分析了C代码在C6713环境下的优化，提高了算法的运行效率。
本文第一章简要介绍了生物识别技术及指纹识别系统的发展与现状，指明了研究课题的目的及意义。第二章详细分析了自动指纹识别系统的结构及工作流程，并对嵌入式自动指纹识别系统专门进行了研究。第三章对系统所使用的TI系列DSP芯片的性能及技术指标进行研究分析，介绍了芯片选型原则，详细介绍了C6713 DSP芯片的结构特点。第四章详细介绍了该系统的硬件平台设计及实现过程，包括电源、时钟、存储、数据传输等各个模块的详细设计，给出各模块的硬件电路。第五章主要介绍了TI CCS集成开发环境，研究分析了DSP环境下的C代码优化，并对指纹识别的部分算法进行移植和优化。最后，对现有的问题进行了分析并对今后的工作进行了展望，提出了未来的工作方向。
In modern society, verification of personal ID is needed in more and more places. Traditional "Username+Password" way of identification gradually becomes not totally capable of satisfying current systems in safety and mobility. Identification system based on biometric characteristics is being greatly developed and widely used for its stability, uniqueness and universality. As the most successful application of biometric identification technique, fingerprint identification has been quickly developed and popularized.
Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is one of the specific applications of fingerprint identification technique. In this thesis, after some researches on AFIS and DSP chips, the hardware platform of an embedded AFIS based on TI TMS320C6713 DSP is established, including fingerprint collection module, power management module, clock module, data storage and communication module. Additionally, the optimization of C code in C6713 environment is analyzed to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.
The development and present situation of biological identification technique and AFIS are introduced briefly in the first chapter of this thesis. In the second chapter, the structure and work procedure of AFIS, especially embedded AFIS, are analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, the architecture of TI DSP, especially C6713 is expatiated, as well as the principle of selecting DSP chips. In chapter 4, the design and carrying out of the hardware platform are introduced in detail, including the scheme of every modules of the system. Then chapter 5 is mainly about the introduction of CCS and the optimization of C code in DSP environment. At last, current difficulties and future work are described.
引文
[1] 陆颖：自动指纹识别原理与方法综述，工程数学学报，2004．21(6)：1003～1010
[2] 柴晓光，岑宝炽：民用指纹识别技术，北京，人民邮电出版社，2004
[3] Douglas Hung D C. Enhancement and Feature Purification of Fingerprint Images[J]. Pattern Recognition, 1993. 26(11): 1661-1671
[4] Faundez-Zanuy, M. Technological evaluation of two AFIS systems Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE, 2005. 20(4): 13-17
[5] Yamaguchi, N. Advanced Automated Fingerprint Identification System Security Technology, 1998. Proceedings. 32nd Annual 1998 International Carnahan Conference on 12-14 Oct. 1998 154-157
[6] 林喜荣，黄析伟，苏晓生等：生物特征识别技术的标准化进程，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2006．46(2)：194-198
[7] 田青，刘琳，宛根训等：国内外生物特征识别技术的发展与展望，金卡工程，2006(9)：75-76
[8] Ram Sathappan：DSP用于智能生物辨识解决方案，电子产品世界，2004(7)：73
[9] 丁安国：自动指纹识别系统的研究，[学位论文]，郑州，郑州大学，2005
[10] 骆峰：基于数字信号处理器(DSP)技术的自动指纹识别系统设计，[学位论文]，南京，南京大学，2004
[11] 衡骏遥，周伟灿：基于DSP的指纹识别系统设计，微计算机信息，2006．22(5)：169-171
[12] 周宁捷，付宇卓，周煜：基于DSP的指纹识别系统硬件平台设计，计算机仿真，2005(1)：241—243
[13] Rulph Chassaing著，王华等译：DSP原理及其C编程开发技术(DSP Applications Using C and the TMS320C6x DSK)，北京，电子工业出版社，2005
[14] 李方慧，王飞，何佩琨：TMS320C6000系列DSP的原理与应用，第2版[M]，北京，电子工业出版社，2000
[15] 顾良：基于DSP的自动指纹识别系统的研究与实现，[学位论文]，西安，电子科技大学，2004
[16] 顾菘：基于DSP的自动指纹识别系统硬件平台的设计与实现，[学位论文]，西安，电子科技大学，2005
[17] 合众达电子：2005 SEED DSP培训讲义，2005
[18] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6713B FLOATING-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR,, 2005. 11
[19] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Technical Brief, 1999
[20] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide, 2001. 02
[21] Spectrum Digital, Inc: TMS320C6713DSK Technical Brief, 2003. 11
[22] Texas Instruments Incorporated: DSP Power Solutions, 1999
[23] Maxim Integrated Products: Max1775 Dual-Output Step-Down DC-DC Converter for PDA/Palmtop Computers, 2001
[24] 张磊，雷震，刘海波等：高速电路设计和信号完整性分析，电子技术应用，2001．6：70-73
[25] 段传华，社晋军，张树才等：DSP中的存储器共享与快速访问技术设计，现代电子技术，2003．6：20-22
[26] Advanced Micro Devices, Inc: AM29LV400B 4Megabit CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Boot Sector Flash Memory, 2000
[27] Micron Technology, Inc: MT48LC8M32B2 SYNCHRONOUS DRAM 数据手册, 2003
[28] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320c6000EMIF-to-ExtemalSDRAM Interface, 2003.
[29] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320c6000EMIF-to-External Flash Memory, 1999
[30] 张遂南，黄士坦：TMS320C6201／6701DSP处理器与FLASH存储器的接口设计，电子技术应用，2003．9：71-74
[31] 龚建伟，熊光明：Visual C＋＋／Turbo C串口通信，北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[32] 谢瑞和：奔腾系列徽型计算机原理及接口技术，北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[33] Todd Hiers, Rebecca Ma, Philippe Malleth 等: TMS320C6000 McBSP: UART. Application Report of Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2004. 05
[34] 彭启踪，管庆等：DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DPS／BIOS的原理与应用，北京，电子工业出版社，2004
[35] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API Reference Guide, 1999
[36] Texas Instruments Incorporated: Code Composer Studio Getting Started Guide, 2001
[37] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide, 2002
[38] 阳明晔，张志勇：基于TMS320C6000系列DSP的C代码优化方法研究，微处理机，2004．4(2)：59-62
[39] 林峰，林毅：TMS320C6000代码优化技术，重庆邮电学院院报，2006．18(1)
[40] 何迪：实时图像跟踪系统中TMS320C6x DSP的软件优化，电子科技，2005(4)：28-33
[2] 柴晓光，岑宝炽：民用指纹识别技术，北京，人民邮电出版社，2004
[3] Douglas Hung D C. Enhancement and Feature Purification of Fingerprint Images[J]. Pattern Recognition, 1993. 26(11): 1661-1671
[4] Faundez-Zanuy, M. Technological evaluation of two AFIS systems Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE, 2005. 20(4): 13-17
[5] Yamaguchi, N. Advanced Automated Fingerprint Identification System Security Technology, 1998. Proceedings. 32nd Annual 1998 International Carnahan Conference on 12-14 Oct. 1998 154-157
[6] 林喜荣，黄析伟，苏晓生等：生物特征识别技术的标准化进程，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2006．46(2)：194-198
[7] 田青，刘琳，宛根训等：国内外生物特征识别技术的发展与展望，金卡工程，2006(9)：75-76
[8] Ram Sathappan：DSP用于智能生物辨识解决方案，电子产品世界，2004(7)：73
[9] 丁安国：自动指纹识别系统的研究，[学位论文]，郑州，郑州大学，2005
[10] 骆峰：基于数字信号处理器(DSP)技术的自动指纹识别系统设计，[学位论文]，南京，南京大学，2004
[11] 衡骏遥，周伟灿：基于DSP的指纹识别系统设计，微计算机信息，2006．22(5)：169-171
[12] 周宁捷，付宇卓，周煜：基于DSP的指纹识别系统硬件平台设计，计算机仿真，2005(1)：241—243
[13] Rulph Chassaing著，王华等译：DSP原理及其C编程开发技术(DSP Applications Using C and the TMS320C6x DSK)，北京，电子工业出版社，2005
[14] 李方慧，王飞，何佩琨：TMS320C6000系列DSP的原理与应用，第2版[M]，北京，电子工业出版社，2000
[15] 顾良：基于DSP的自动指纹识别系统的研究与实现，[学位论文]，西安，电子科技大学，2004
[16] 顾菘：基于DSP的自动指纹识别系统硬件平台的设计与实现，[学位论文]，西安，电子科技大学，2005
[17] 合众达电子：2005 SEED DSP培训讲义，2005
[18] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6713B FLOATING-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR,, 2005. 11
[19] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Technical Brief, 1999
[20] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide, 2001. 02
[21] Spectrum Digital, Inc: TMS320C6713DSK Technical Brief, 2003. 11
[22] Texas Instruments Incorporated: DSP Power Solutions, 1999
[23] Maxim Integrated Products: Max1775 Dual-Output Step-Down DC-DC Converter for PDA/Palmtop Computers, 2001
[24] 张磊，雷震，刘海波等：高速电路设计和信号完整性分析，电子技术应用，2001．6：70-73
[25] 段传华，社晋军，张树才等：DSP中的存储器共享与快速访问技术设计，现代电子技术，2003．6：20-22
[26] Advanced Micro Devices, Inc: AM29LV400B 4Megabit CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Boot Sector Flash Memory, 2000
[27] Micron Technology, Inc: MT48LC8M32B2 SYNCHRONOUS DRAM 数据手册, 2003
[28] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320c6000EMIF-to-ExtemalSDRAM Interface, 2003.
[29] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320c6000EMIF-to-External Flash Memory, 1999
[30] 张遂南，黄士坦：TMS320C6201／6701DSP处理器与FLASH存储器的接口设计，电子技术应用，2003．9：71-74
[31] 龚建伟，熊光明：Visual C＋＋／Turbo C串口通信，北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[32] 谢瑞和：奔腾系列徽型计算机原理及接口技术，北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[33] Todd Hiers, Rebecca Ma, Philippe Malleth 等: TMS320C6000 McBSP: UART. Application Report of Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2004. 05
[34] 彭启踪，管庆等：DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DPS／BIOS的原理与应用，北京，电子工业出版社，2004
[35] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API Reference Guide, 1999
[36] Texas Instruments Incorporated: Code Composer Studio Getting Started Guide, 2001
[37] Texas Instruments Incorporated: TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide, 2002
[38] 阳明晔，张志勇：基于TMS320C6000系列DSP的C代码优化方法研究，微处理机，2004．4(2)：59-62
[39] 林峰，林毅：TMS320C6000代码优化技术，重庆邮电学院院报，2006．18(1)
[40] 何迪：实时图像跟踪系统中TMS320C6x DSP的软件优化，电子科技，2005(4)：28-33