超高分辨率CCD成像系统关键技术研究
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摘要
CCD成像系统广泛应用于高分辨的航空航天遥感中,成为获取遥感数据的重要设备。高分辨率成像系统是卫星遥感精度的重要保障,是高分辨率遥感应用的基础。本文以超高分辨率全帧型CCD图像传感器KAF-50100作为研究对象,深入研究了超高分辨率CCD器件的驱动方式、高速信号采集与处理、CCD的多输出响应不均匀性以及成像系统测光等问题。主要研究内容如下：
1.在分析KAF-50100结构和驱动需求的基础上,使用FPGA产生CCD需要的时序信号,并采用集成功率芯片和分离功率器件相结合的方法,设计了具有高瞬态电流和大电压摆幅的CCD前端功率驱动系统,保证了KAF-50100可靠工作在4×18MHz的最大输出速度下。
2.针对KAF-50100图像传感器输出通道多、图像数据量大的特点,设计了数据采集与上传系统。该系统使用4路并行模拟前端对CCD输出模拟信号进行采集,使用并行LVDS上传图像信号,保证了CCD工作在4路并行输出模式和数字图像的实时上传,上传速度达到KAF-50100的输出速度上限1帧每秒,12位采样精度下电路读出噪声标准差为2.76,动态范围达到63.4dB。
3.深入分析了KAF-50100输出图像带有接缝问题,提出了基于延迟积分(TDI)读出方式的CCD多输出非均匀性校正的方法。该方法使用TDI的读出方式,在均匀光源照射下成像,推导了行曝光时间和行平均灰度的关系模型,利用该模型拟合出各通道的响应曲线并校正响应非均匀性。该方法与两点法和多点法相比,校正效果明显提高,且只进行了一次成像。
4.由于超高分辨率CCD成像器件像元读出时间长,使用其进行焦平面测光的时间大大增加,测光场景与曝光场景的相关度严重下降。针对该问题,提出一种基于像元信号合并的焦平面测光加速方法,采用像元信号合并操作减少了传感器的信号读出时间和测光需要的曝光时间。经实验验证,本方法可将测光时间压缩到原先的30%,显著提高了测光速度。
As important data acquisition equipment, CCD(Charge Coupled Device) imaging systems are widely used in space remote sensing. High resolution imaging systems fundamentally define remote-sensing accuracy, and are the base of high resolution remote sensing applications. The ultra-high resolution CCD sensor KAF-50100is adopted in the imaging system. CCD driving methods, high speed image signal acquisition&processing, multi-output nonuniformity correction methods and photometry methods and researched. The following centents are major research works of this thesis:
Based on analysis of KAF-50100structure and driving requirement, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) device is adopted to generate timing sequence signal that the CCD needed. By combining integrated power chip and discrete power component, the power driving system features high transient current and voltage swing, which ensures the maximum speed of18MHz×4.
The image data acquisition and upload system is presented, which features multiple channels and large data throughput. CCD signal digitized by four parallel AFE(Analog Front End) modules, and LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signale) interface is adopted to upload digital image signal, which ensure4-channel output mode and image real-time upload. Top frame rate of1fps is achieved, and readout noise is2.76@12bits, dynamic range is63.4dB.
New outputs nonuniformity correction method that adopts TDI(Time Delay and Integration) readout mode is presented to correct picture seam of KAF-50100. By line integration time and average gray level, the fitting curves of CCD's4outputs can be obtained to correct the picture seam. Compared with two-point and multi-point method (16points), outputs nonuniformity is lower, and only one correcting image is needed.
1.在分析KAF-50100结构和驱动需求的基础上,使用FPGA产生CCD需要的时序信号,并采用集成功率芯片和分离功率器件相结合的方法,设计了具有高瞬态电流和大电压摆幅的CCD前端功率驱动系统,保证了KAF-50100可靠工作在4×18MHz的最大输出速度下。
2.针对KAF-50100图像传感器输出通道多、图像数据量大的特点,设计了数据采集与上传系统。该系统使用4路并行模拟前端对CCD输出模拟信号进行采集,使用并行LVDS上传图像信号,保证了CCD工作在4路并行输出模式和数字图像的实时上传,上传速度达到KAF-50100的输出速度上限1帧每秒,12位采样精度下电路读出噪声标准差为2.76,动态范围达到63.4dB。
3.深入分析了KAF-50100输出图像带有接缝问题,提出了基于延迟积分(TDI)读出方式的CCD多输出非均匀性校正的方法。该方法使用TDI的读出方式,在均匀光源照射下成像,推导了行曝光时间和行平均灰度的关系模型,利用该模型拟合出各通道的响应曲线并校正响应非均匀性。该方法与两点法和多点法相比,校正效果明显提高,且只进行了一次成像。
4.由于超高分辨率CCD成像器件像元读出时间长,使用其进行焦平面测光的时间大大增加,测光场景与曝光场景的相关度严重下降。针对该问题,提出一种基于像元信号合并的焦平面测光加速方法,采用像元信号合并操作减少了传感器的信号读出时间和测光需要的曝光时间。经实验验证,本方法可将测光时间压缩到原先的30%,显著提高了测光速度。
As important data acquisition equipment, CCD(Charge Coupled Device) imaging systems are widely used in space remote sensing. High resolution imaging systems fundamentally define remote-sensing accuracy, and are the base of high resolution remote sensing applications. The ultra-high resolution CCD sensor KAF-50100is adopted in the imaging system. CCD driving methods, high speed image signal acquisition&processing, multi-output nonuniformity correction methods and photometry methods and researched. The following centents are major research works of this thesis:
Based on analysis of KAF-50100structure and driving requirement, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) device is adopted to generate timing sequence signal that the CCD needed. By combining integrated power chip and discrete power component, the power driving system features high transient current and voltage swing, which ensures the maximum speed of18MHz×4.
The image data acquisition and upload system is presented, which features multiple channels and large data throughput. CCD signal digitized by four parallel AFE(Analog Front End) modules, and LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signale) interface is adopted to upload digital image signal, which ensure4-channel output mode and image real-time upload. Top frame rate of1fps is achieved, and readout noise is2.76@12bits, dynamic range is63.4dB.
New outputs nonuniformity correction method that adopts TDI(Time Delay and Integration) readout mode is presented to correct picture seam of KAF-50100. By line integration time and average gray level, the fitting curves of CCD's4outputs can be obtained to correct the picture seam. Compared with two-point and multi-point method (16points), outputs nonuniformity is lower, and only one correcting image is needed.
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