MATLAB环境下锅炉控制系统实时控制的设计与研究
摘要
锅炉在工业上有广泛的应用,锅炉系统具有非线形、强耦合、多变量和不稳定的特点。压力控制也一直是富有新意的课题,所以本文研究锅炉的压力控制。针对锅炉系统难以建模与难以控制的特点,所以本文开发了基于RTW实时控制平台来对锅炉系统进行控制。
RTW是MATLAB图形建模和仿真环境Simulink的一个重要的补充功能模块,它是一个基于Simulink的代码自动生成环境。它能直接从Simulink的模型中产生优化的、可移植的和个性化的代码,并根据目标配置自动生成多种环境下的程序。
本文详细介绍了MATLAB RTW下单机型(RTWT)和双机型(XPC)两种目标的系统结构,通过分析和比较,选择了利用RTWT,并且在RTWT目标下编写了数据采集与控制卡PCI-16MFP与MATLAB的接口程序,从而构建了软件平台,为锅炉控制系统灵活地使用该实验平台提供了一条途径,并且具有一定的推广价值。此外,本文还搭建了硬件平台。
其次,为了精确地控制锅炉的压力,本文还为实时控制平台设计了脉冲信号,最后采用常规PID控制,模糊控制来对大惯性、大滞后、非线性锅炉控制系统的压力进行了实时控制。详细介绍这两种控制算法的控制原理以及针对具体的控制对象设计了两种控制器,从而验证了该方案的可行性,从侧面说明了该实验平台的可行性。
该实验平台便于我们运用不同的方法反复实验,获取最佳的控制方法和控制参数,为增强我们开发创新能力提供了有效途径。该实验平台有待进一步优化,随着软硬件技术的开发,该实验平台对促进实验室建设有一定推动作用。
The boiler in the industry have extensive application of boiler system with nonlinear and strong coupling, multivariable and unstable characteristics. Pressure control have been rich new subject, so this paper research the boiler pressure control. For boiler system modeling and difficult to control to the characteristics, so this paper developed based on real-time control platform to RTW boiler system is controlled.
RTW is the MATLAB graphical modeling and simulation environment is an important complement of Simulink function modules , It is a based on Simulink code automatic generation of environment . It can directly from the model of optimizing simulink.this produced, portable and personalized code, and according to the target allocation automatically generate various environment program.
This paper introduces the RTWT placing type (MATLAB RTW) and double model (XPC) two target system structure, through the analysis and comparison, chose to use RTWT, and in RTWT goals compiled data acquisition and control card PCI - 16MFP and MATLAB interface, thus establishing the program software platform, for boiler control system flexible use of this experimental platform provides a way, and it has certain popular value.
Secondly, in order to accurately control boiler pressure, this paper also for real-time control platform designed the pulse signal, finally the conventional PID control and fuzzy control to large inertia, big lag, nonlinear boiler control system pressure and real-time control. Detailed introduction of the two control algorithm of controlling principle and specific control object design two controller, which has verified the feasibility of this scheme, from the side shows the feasibility of the experiment platform. In addition, this paper also built hardware platform.
The experimental platform for us with different methods, obtain the best repeatedly testing the control method and control parameters, to strengthen our innovation capacity provides effective way. The experimental platform, with further optimization software and hardware technology development, the experimental platform to promote a certain role in promoting laboratory construction.
RTW是MATLAB图形建模和仿真环境Simulink的一个重要的补充功能模块,它是一个基于Simulink的代码自动生成环境。它能直接从Simulink的模型中产生优化的、可移植的和个性化的代码,并根据目标配置自动生成多种环境下的程序。
本文详细介绍了MATLAB RTW下单机型(RTWT)和双机型(XPC)两种目标的系统结构,通过分析和比较,选择了利用RTWT,并且在RTWT目标下编写了数据采集与控制卡PCI-16MFP与MATLAB的接口程序,从而构建了软件平台,为锅炉控制系统灵活地使用该实验平台提供了一条途径,并且具有一定的推广价值。此外,本文还搭建了硬件平台。
其次,为了精确地控制锅炉的压力,本文还为实时控制平台设计了脉冲信号,最后采用常规PID控制,模糊控制来对大惯性、大滞后、非线性锅炉控制系统的压力进行了实时控制。详细介绍这两种控制算法的控制原理以及针对具体的控制对象设计了两种控制器,从而验证了该方案的可行性,从侧面说明了该实验平台的可行性。
该实验平台便于我们运用不同的方法反复实验,获取最佳的控制方法和控制参数,为增强我们开发创新能力提供了有效途径。该实验平台有待进一步优化,随着软硬件技术的开发,该实验平台对促进实验室建设有一定推动作用。
The boiler in the industry have extensive application of boiler system with nonlinear and strong coupling, multivariable and unstable characteristics. Pressure control have been rich new subject, so this paper research the boiler pressure control. For boiler system modeling and difficult to control to the characteristics, so this paper developed based on real-time control platform to RTW boiler system is controlled.
RTW is the MATLAB graphical modeling and simulation environment is an important complement of Simulink function modules , It is a based on Simulink code automatic generation of environment . It can directly from the model of optimizing simulink.this produced, portable and personalized code, and according to the target allocation automatically generate various environment program.
This paper introduces the RTWT placing type (MATLAB RTW) and double model (XPC) two target system structure, through the analysis and comparison, chose to use RTWT, and in RTWT goals compiled data acquisition and control card PCI - 16MFP and MATLAB interface, thus establishing the program software platform, for boiler control system flexible use of this experimental platform provides a way, and it has certain popular value.
Secondly, in order to accurately control boiler pressure, this paper also for real-time control platform designed the pulse signal, finally the conventional PID control and fuzzy control to large inertia, big lag, nonlinear boiler control system pressure and real-time control. Detailed introduction of the two control algorithm of controlling principle and specific control object design two controller, which has verified the feasibility of this scheme, from the side shows the feasibility of the experiment platform. In addition, this paper also built hardware platform.
The experimental platform for us with different methods, obtain the best repeatedly testing the control method and control parameters, to strengthen our innovation capacity provides effective way. The experimental platform, with further optimization software and hardware technology development, the experimental platform to promote a certain role in promoting laboratory construction.
引文
[1]路桂明.基于模糊PID控制的电锅炉温度控制系统的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2007.
[2]何晓粤.热水供暖锅炉计算机控制研究——锅炉循环泵的智能控制[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古科技大学,2009.
[3]张建宏.基于自适应PID控制算法的壁挂式锅炉控制软件开发[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2009.
[4]王晓燕.多变量解耦内模控制在锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2008.
[5]李丽娜.典型非线性控制系统的智能预测控制研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2008.
[6] Mamdani E H.Application of fuzzy algorithms for simple dynamic plant.Proc.IEEE, 1974,121 (12):1585～1588
[7]诸静编著.模糊控制理论与系统原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社2005:16—17
[8] King PJ,etal.The application of fuzzy control systems to industrial processes.IFAC World Congress.MIT.Boston,1975
[9] King PJ,etal.The application of fuzzy control systems to industrial processes.Automat, 1977,13(3):235～242
[10] Tong R M.Analysis fuzzy control algorithms using the relation matrix.Int.J.Man Mach Studies,1976,8(6):679～686
[11] Tong R M.A control engineering review fuzzy systems.Automat,1977,13(6):559～569
[12] Tong R M.Synthesis of fuzzy models for industrial process.Int.Gen.Sys,1978,4:143～162
[13] Tong R M.The evaluation of fuzzy models derived from experimentaldata.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1980,4:1～12
[14] Tong R M,etal Fuzzy control of the activated sludge wastewatertreatmentprocess. Automat,1980,16(6):695～701
[15] Tong R M.A retrospective view fuzzy control systems.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1984, 14:199～210
[16] Tong R M.An annotated bibliography of fuzzy control in industrial application of fuzzy control.Sugeno M ed.Amsterdam North-Holland,1977
[17] Ostergarad J J.Fuzzy logic control of a heat exchange process in fuzzy automata anddecision processes.Amsterdam.Gupta MM.et.eds.North-Holland,1977
[18] Pappis C P,etal.A fuzzy logic controller for a traffic junction.IEEE Trans.on SMC, 1977,SMC-7(10):707～717
[19] Procyk T J,etal.A linguistic self-Organizing process controller.Automat,1979,15(1): 15～30
[20] Sugeno M,etal.fuzzy control of model car.in 23rd IEEE Conf.On Decision and Control.Las Vegas,1984
[21] Sugeno M,etal.fuzzy control of model car.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1985,16:103～113
[22] Sugeno M,etal.An experimental study fuzzy paring control using a model car.in industrial application of fuzzy control.Sugeno M ed.Amsterdam.North-Holland,1985
[23] Torres G L,etal.Fuzzy load management in distribution systems.ISATED Power High Tech89,Valencia.Spain.Jun,1989,425～430
[24] Torres G L,etal.Distribution feeder load modeling:an approach using fuzzy sets. european conference on circuit theory and design.ECCTD-89.IEE Symposium. Brighton.U.K.Sept,1989,639～643
[25]李卫实时控制系统接口技术山西电子技术,2011-4-13
[26]王东风,韩璞,王国玉.锅炉汽包水位系统的预测函数控制[J].华北电力大学学报,2003,30(3):44—47.
[27]宋炜.基于MATLAB的无人机硬件在回路仿真技术研究[D]南京:南京航空航天大学,2008
[28]龙利. MATLAB环境下控制系统实时仿真实验的研究[D]重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[29]刘时鹏.MATLAB环境下直线单级倒立摆系统实时控制实验的研究与设计[D]重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[30]李永富.基于MATLAB混合仿真平台的智能预测控制及其应用研究[D]天津:河北工业大学,2006.
[31]姜英妹.dSPACE在过程控制中的应用[D]太原:太原科技大学,2010.
[32]杨涤,李立涛等.系统实时仿真开发环境与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:2—36.
[33]张赟宁.MATLAB环境下控制系统综合实验平台设计与实现[D]重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[34]苗立东. MATLAB的单机型实时仿真系统的扩展与讨论[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(34):56-62.
[35]贾秋玲等.基于MATLAB7.X/Simulink/Stateflow系统仿真、分析及设计[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006:130—154.
[36]苗立东.xPC目标驱动程序开发中的关键问题研究[J].计算机工程,2009,35(19):239-241
[37]张德丰等编著.MATLAB自动控制系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:285-286
[38]张乃尧,阎平凡等.神经网络与模糊控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:166-189.
[39]诸静编著.模糊控制理论与系统原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社2005:286
[40]王志娟.模糊控制中高级算法的设计和研究[D]济南:山东大学,2008.
[41]陈铮铮.基于模糊控制的电子厂房环境控制系统的研究[D]兰州:兰州理工大学,2009.
[42]丁海波.基于模糊控制的气动比例阀缸系统的位置控制[D].苏州:苏州大学,2009
[2]何晓粤.热水供暖锅炉计算机控制研究——锅炉循环泵的智能控制[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古科技大学,2009.
[3]张建宏.基于自适应PID控制算法的壁挂式锅炉控制软件开发[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2009.
[4]王晓燕.多变量解耦内模控制在锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2008.
[5]李丽娜.典型非线性控制系统的智能预测控制研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2008.
[6] Mamdani E H.Application of fuzzy algorithms for simple dynamic plant.Proc.IEEE, 1974,121 (12):1585～1588
[7]诸静编著.模糊控制理论与系统原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社2005:16—17
[8] King PJ,etal.The application of fuzzy control systems to industrial processes.IFAC World Congress.MIT.Boston,1975
[9] King PJ,etal.The application of fuzzy control systems to industrial processes.Automat, 1977,13(3):235～242
[10] Tong R M.Analysis fuzzy control algorithms using the relation matrix.Int.J.Man Mach Studies,1976,8(6):679～686
[11] Tong R M.A control engineering review fuzzy systems.Automat,1977,13(6):559～569
[12] Tong R M.Synthesis of fuzzy models for industrial process.Int.Gen.Sys,1978,4:143～162
[13] Tong R M.The evaluation of fuzzy models derived from experimentaldata.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1980,4:1～12
[14] Tong R M,etal Fuzzy control of the activated sludge wastewatertreatmentprocess. Automat,1980,16(6):695～701
[15] Tong R M.A retrospective view fuzzy control systems.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1984, 14:199～210
[16] Tong R M.An annotated bibliography of fuzzy control in industrial application of fuzzy control.Sugeno M ed.Amsterdam North-Holland,1977
[17] Ostergarad J J.Fuzzy logic control of a heat exchange process in fuzzy automata anddecision processes.Amsterdam.Gupta MM.et.eds.North-Holland,1977
[18] Pappis C P,etal.A fuzzy logic controller for a traffic junction.IEEE Trans.on SMC, 1977,SMC-7(10):707～717
[19] Procyk T J,etal.A linguistic self-Organizing process controller.Automat,1979,15(1): 15～30
[20] Sugeno M,etal.fuzzy control of model car.in 23rd IEEE Conf.On Decision and Control.Las Vegas,1984
[21] Sugeno M,etal.fuzzy control of model car.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1985,16:103～113
[22] Sugeno M,etal.An experimental study fuzzy paring control using a model car.in industrial application of fuzzy control.Sugeno M ed.Amsterdam.North-Holland,1985
[23] Torres G L,etal.Fuzzy load management in distribution systems.ISATED Power High Tech89,Valencia.Spain.Jun,1989,425～430
[24] Torres G L,etal.Distribution feeder load modeling:an approach using fuzzy sets. european conference on circuit theory and design.ECCTD-89.IEE Symposium. Brighton.U.K.Sept,1989,639～643
[25]李卫实时控制系统接口技术山西电子技术,2011-4-13
[26]王东风,韩璞,王国玉.锅炉汽包水位系统的预测函数控制[J].华北电力大学学报,2003,30(3):44—47.
[27]宋炜.基于MATLAB的无人机硬件在回路仿真技术研究[D]南京:南京航空航天大学,2008
[28]龙利. MATLAB环境下控制系统实时仿真实验的研究[D]重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[29]刘时鹏.MATLAB环境下直线单级倒立摆系统实时控制实验的研究与设计[D]重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[30]李永富.基于MATLAB混合仿真平台的智能预测控制及其应用研究[D]天津:河北工业大学,2006.
[31]姜英妹.dSPACE在过程控制中的应用[D]太原:太原科技大学,2010.
[32]杨涤,李立涛等.系统实时仿真开发环境与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:2—36.
[33]张赟宁.MATLAB环境下控制系统综合实验平台设计与实现[D]重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[34]苗立东. MATLAB的单机型实时仿真系统的扩展与讨论[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(34):56-62.
[35]贾秋玲等.基于MATLAB7.X/Simulink/Stateflow系统仿真、分析及设计[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006:130—154.
[36]苗立东.xPC目标驱动程序开发中的关键问题研究[J].计算机工程,2009,35(19):239-241
[37]张德丰等编著.MATLAB自动控制系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:285-286
[38]张乃尧,阎平凡等.神经网络与模糊控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:166-189.
[39]诸静编著.模糊控制理论与系统原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社2005:286
[40]王志娟.模糊控制中高级算法的设计和研究[D]济南:山东大学,2008.
[41]陈铮铮.基于模糊控制的电子厂房环境控制系统的研究[D]兰州:兰州理工大学,2009.
[42]丁海波.基于模糊控制的气动比例阀缸系统的位置控制[D].苏州:苏州大学,2009