摘要
近年来,高等级公路的快速发展和相关法规的出台为客车制造业发展提供了良好机遇,在客车保有量大幅度递增的同时,客车安全问题不断显现并越来越受到社会关注。侧倾稳定性是客车行驶安全的主要性能,也是评价客车安全性能的主要指标之一。国内外标准GB 13094-2007《客车结构安全要求》、GB 7258-2004《机动车运行安全技术条件》、ECER66《客车上部强度》等都对客车侧倾稳定性作出了相关要求和规定,我国近年颁布的GB/T 14172-2009《汽车静侧翻稳定性台架试验方法》对静侧翻稳定性试验作出了细致、明确的规定。多年来国内外针对车辆的侧倾稳定性进行了大量的研究。然而,目前对客车侧倾稳定性虚拟仿真试验方面的研究还处于起步阶段,存在的主要问题是没有专门用于客车侧倾稳定性试验的仿真软件、通用化的仿真建模方法和开展对影响侧翻稳定性因素中客车尺寸和布置等设计参数的研究等。
本文根据国内外相关标准对侧倾稳定性试验的要求和规定,参照整车侧倾数学模型,结合客车的结构和总布置特点,进行了营运客车侧倾稳定性试验仿真评价方面的研究,并以仿真软件ADAMS为二次开发平台,结合VC++设计开发了客车侧倾稳定性试验仿真评价软件,提出了一种快速确定客车最大侧倾稳定角的方法(目前该软件只适用于9-12m的大客车)。同时,以部分具体车型为例,利用该软件进行侧倾稳定性试验仿真,通过仿真计算值与实车试验值的对比,验证了软件仿真试验结果的准确性。
此外,还研究分析了客车设计参数对侧倾稳定性影响的敏感程度,提出了将对客车侧倾稳定性影响较大的悬架侧倾角刚度(也可以用线刚度来代替)、轮胎垂直方向刚度、轮距、通道地板高、高地板高、座椅高、乘客数等作为建模时的主要考虑参数,并在此基础上讨论分析了客车侧倾稳定性的通用化仿真建模方法。
本论文的研究内容和成果不仅为评价客车侧倾稳定性提供了一种快捷、方便的方法,而且可以通过分析客车尺寸和布置等设计参数对侧倾稳定性的影响程度,找出最优方案,为设计和制造具有高侧倾稳定性的客车产品提供参考。
In recent years,due to the rapid development of highway and the introduction of regulations, bus manufacturing has a good opportunity for development, the ownership of buses increased dramatically,buses'security problem appears unceasingly and receive more and more attentions. The rollover stability is not only the main performance of buses'driving security,but also one of the most important aspects of the buses'securities. Domestic and international standards GB13094-2007"the Requirements of Buses' Structrual Security", GB7258-2004"tne Technical Conditions of Operational Security for Motor Vehicles" and ECER66"the Strength of Buses'Superstructrue",etc.made relevant requirements and regulations of the buses'rollover stability.GB/T 14172-2009"the Method of Automotive Static Rollover Stability Testing"enacted recent years in our country made detailed and specific provisions.For the past many years,Scholars at home and abroad have done massive research to vehicles' rollover stability.However,currently the research to the virtual simulation of buses'rollover stability testing is still in its infancy, the main problems are, that haven't simulatin software specially using for buses' rollover stability testing,Universal method of simulation's modeling and carrying out the research to bus'design parameters in factors affecting the rollover stability,etc..
According to the requirements and regulations of domestic and international relevant standards on the rollover stability testing, reference to mathematical model of vehicle rollover, Combination of buses'structure and characteristics of the general arrangement,this paper using ADAMS simulation software as a secondary development platform,designing with VC++, developes simulation evaluative software on bus rollover stability testing,and proposes a rapid method to determine the bus maximum rollover stability angle(Now this software just applies to 9-12m bus). At the sametime, it takes some buses for the example and verifies the accuracy of the calculation method through the simulation of the module value and test value of real vechicle comparison.
In addition,this paper analyzes the influence of maximum rollover stability angle by the bus design parameters.it proposes suspensions'camber stiffness(used in place of linear stiffness),tires' vertical stiffness,track,channel floor's height, high floor's height,seat's height and passengers as main considered parameters of modeling,and on this basis,discusses and analyzes universal method of simulation's modeling on buses' rollover stability.
The content and results of this paper provide a fast and convenient way for evaluating buses' rollover stability, and passing through the influence of maximum rollover stability angle by the bus design parameters such as size and layout,find out the optimal solution,offer reference for designing and manufacturing bus products with favorable rollover stability.
引文
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