高校实验室自动测试系统和主从机之间接口的研究
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摘要
自动检测系统是自动测试技术发展的重要阶段。当代自动测试系统采用虚拟仪器的概念，对硬件无需作太大改动，便可实现不同功能；利用PC机的软硬件资源，可以对数据进行复杂的数据处理，并将处理结果以图表、文件等多种方式显示。为高校实验室设计一套自动测试系统，可以简化实验操作，提高实验效率，是一个具有实际意义的课题。
自动测试系统的设计越来越标准化、通用化、开放化。高校实验室自动测量系统既要具备自动测试系统一般特性，满足性能要求，又要从高校实验室的实际情况出发，在满足要求的前提下尽可能地降低费用。为此，我们采用GPIB总线技术来架构该自动测量系统。上位机利用实验室已有的PC机，为其配备相应的系统测试软件；下位机采用以89C51单片机为核心设计的GPIB仪器，单片机控制数据的采集和通信功能；大部分数据处理工作由上位机完成。
主从机之间可靠、迅捷的通信是系统设计的关键。根据系统要求，从高校实验室的实际情况出发，在多种PC机接口方案中，我们选择了EPP模式下的打印端口来设计上位机的GPIB接口卡。接口卡采用外接方式，避免了使用机内插卡的形式，使用简单方便。任何一台现有的PC机在安装了系统软件之后，通过简单的连接，便可和从机组成自动测试系统。
本文先介绍了系统的总体结构，分析系统对接口的要求，在介绍现在常用的PC机外设接口方式之后，阐述选择打印口的EPP模式实现GPIB总线的方案的理由，然后具体给出接口的硬件设计和软件设计，最后给出一个已实际应用的系统实例。
Automated Test System (ATS) is an important stage in the growing of automatic test technology. The idea of virtual instrument is widely adopted in modern automated test system. That is, the same set of instruments is able to accomplish different kinds of tasks without any change to the hardware, as long as such abilities are supported in software. By using PC, data acquired can be processed in many complex ways as well as be shown in different styles, such as in chart, in file, and so on. It is a factual and meaningful task to design an automated test system for college laboratories so as to free experimenters from tiring and meaningless labor.
Design of automated test system is becoming more and more standardized, universal and open. The automated test system for college laboratories is not only required to have the ordinary characteristics of auto-measuring system, but also demanded to meet the limited outlay and the factual conditions of college laboratories. Once necessary capabilities are achieved, it is acknowledged to reduce the cost as low as possible. Considering this, we choose GPIB bus to build this system. Host machine in the system is PC, which the labs already have. And slave machines are GPIB instruments using 89C51 SCM as microprocessor. In this system data-processing is mainly carried by PC.
Dependable and prompt communication between host-machine and slave-machines is one key aspect of this system. After careful comparison and reasoning we decide to use parallel print port under EPP mode to design the GPIB interface board for PC. This board is outside the PC, so as to avoid inserting into and drawing out of PC box. That is convenient to the users. Just joined the slave-machines with this simple board, any PC equipped with out software can act as the host-machine in making up an automated test system.
In this paper, firstly, the global architecture of system is presented. Then system's demands on the interface are analyzed. After the comparison of present connecting manners, the communication solution in this system is presented. It is using parallel
print port to realize GPIB communication. This solution is reasoned thoroughly and both software and hardware design of the communication solution are presented in detail. At the end of this paper, there is an example in use.
自动测试系统的设计越来越标准化、通用化、开放化。高校实验室自动测量系统既要具备自动测试系统一般特性，满足性能要求，又要从高校实验室的实际情况出发，在满足要求的前提下尽可能地降低费用。为此，我们采用GPIB总线技术来架构该自动测量系统。上位机利用实验室已有的PC机，为其配备相应的系统测试软件；下位机采用以89C51单片机为核心设计的GPIB仪器，单片机控制数据的采集和通信功能；大部分数据处理工作由上位机完成。
主从机之间可靠、迅捷的通信是系统设计的关键。根据系统要求，从高校实验室的实际情况出发，在多种PC机接口方案中，我们选择了EPP模式下的打印端口来设计上位机的GPIB接口卡。接口卡采用外接方式，避免了使用机内插卡的形式，使用简单方便。任何一台现有的PC机在安装了系统软件之后，通过简单的连接，便可和从机组成自动测试系统。
本文先介绍了系统的总体结构，分析系统对接口的要求，在介绍现在常用的PC机外设接口方式之后，阐述选择打印口的EPP模式实现GPIB总线的方案的理由，然后具体给出接口的硬件设计和软件设计，最后给出一个已实际应用的系统实例。
Automated Test System (ATS) is an important stage in the growing of automatic test technology. The idea of virtual instrument is widely adopted in modern automated test system. That is, the same set of instruments is able to accomplish different kinds of tasks without any change to the hardware, as long as such abilities are supported in software. By using PC, data acquired can be processed in many complex ways as well as be shown in different styles, such as in chart, in file, and so on. It is a factual and meaningful task to design an automated test system for college laboratories so as to free experimenters from tiring and meaningless labor.
Design of automated test system is becoming more and more standardized, universal and open. The automated test system for college laboratories is not only required to have the ordinary characteristics of auto-measuring system, but also demanded to meet the limited outlay and the factual conditions of college laboratories. Once necessary capabilities are achieved, it is acknowledged to reduce the cost as low as possible. Considering this, we choose GPIB bus to build this system. Host machine in the system is PC, which the labs already have. And slave machines are GPIB instruments using 89C51 SCM as microprocessor. In this system data-processing is mainly carried by PC.
Dependable and prompt communication between host-machine and slave-machines is one key aspect of this system. After careful comparison and reasoning we decide to use parallel print port under EPP mode to design the GPIB interface board for PC. This board is outside the PC, so as to avoid inserting into and drawing out of PC box. That is convenient to the users. Just joined the slave-machines with this simple board, any PC equipped with out software can act as the host-machine in making up an automated test system.
In this paper, firstly, the global architecture of system is presented. Then system's demands on the interface are analyzed. After the comparison of present connecting manners, the communication solution in this system is presented. It is using parallel
print port to realize GPIB communication. This solution is reasoned thoroughly and both software and hardware design of the communication solution are presented in detail. At the end of this paper, there is an example in use.
引文
1．阮德生，《自动测试技术与计算机仪器系统设计》，西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
2．黄圣国、毛玉增、范跃祖，《智能仪器》，航空工业出版社，1993
3．孙涵芳、徐爱卿，《MCS-51／96系列单片机原理及应用》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
4．郑学坚、周斌，《微型计算机原理及应用》，清华大学出版社，1995
5．谢瑞和，《奔腾系列微型计算机原理及接口技术》，清华大学出版社，2002
6．艾德才等，《微机接口技术实用教程》，清华大学出版社，2002
7．Dhananjay.V.Gadre，《并行端口编程》，中国电力出版社，2000
8．Peter Norton、John Goodman，(PC技术内幕》，清华大学出版社，2000
9．刘乐善、叶济忠，《微型计算机接口技术及应用》，华中理工大学出版社，1993
10．陈建春，《Visual C++高级编程技术—开发实例剖析》，电子工业出版社，1999
11．康博创作室，《Visual C++6.0高级开发教程》，人民邮电出版社，1999
12．郭占山、王增浩、牟能，(GPIB仪器标准及测试系统组成》，《仪器仪表用户》Vol．9 2002 No．1 P．39
13．汪洋、王湘祁、叶湘滨、隋卫平，《基于EPP的便携式数据采集系统》，《仪器仪表学报》，Vol．22 No．4增刊，2001．3，P．149
14．候整风、胡军，《VC++实现计算机并口的直接输入/输出》，《淮南工业学院学报》Vol．22 No．2 2002 P．33
15．岳云峰，《并行口在EPP模式下的应用》，《应用科技》，Vol．29 No．6 2002 P．19
16．李明亮、王广祥、李聚光，《EPP协议在车载地震仪中的设计与应用》，《河北工业科技》 Vol．19 No．4 P．31
17．李春沅，(GPIB及其应用》，《仪表技术》，2001．4 P．42
18．向晓安、古天祥，《数据采集系统中增强型并行(EPP)接口电路的设计》，《电测与仪表》，Vol．38 No．423 Mar．2001 P．30
19．张志利、黄先祥、李亦工，《基于PC总线与GPIB总线的光电设备自动测试系统》，《工业仪表与自动化装置》2001，第一期，P．16
20．王鸿钰、陈瑾，《分布式GPIB测试系统》，《仪表技术》，2000，第六期，P．16
2．黄圣国、毛玉增、范跃祖，《智能仪器》，航空工业出版社，1993
3．孙涵芳、徐爱卿，《MCS-51／96系列单片机原理及应用》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
4．郑学坚、周斌，《微型计算机原理及应用》，清华大学出版社，1995
5．谢瑞和，《奔腾系列微型计算机原理及接口技术》，清华大学出版社，2002
6．艾德才等，《微机接口技术实用教程》，清华大学出版社，2002
7．Dhananjay.V.Gadre，《并行端口编程》，中国电力出版社，2000
8．Peter Norton、John Goodman，(PC技术内幕》，清华大学出版社，2000
9．刘乐善、叶济忠，《微型计算机接口技术及应用》，华中理工大学出版社，1993
10．陈建春，《Visual C++高级编程技术—开发实例剖析》，电子工业出版社，1999
11．康博创作室，《Visual C++6.0高级开发教程》，人民邮电出版社，1999
12．郭占山、王增浩、牟能，(GPIB仪器标准及测试系统组成》，《仪器仪表用户》Vol．9 2002 No．1 P．39
13．汪洋、王湘祁、叶湘滨、隋卫平，《基于EPP的便携式数据采集系统》，《仪器仪表学报》，Vol．22 No．4增刊，2001．3，P．149
14．候整风、胡军，《VC++实现计算机并口的直接输入/输出》，《淮南工业学院学报》Vol．22 No．2 2002 P．33
15．岳云峰，《并行口在EPP模式下的应用》，《应用科技》，Vol．29 No．6 2002 P．19
16．李明亮、王广祥、李聚光，《EPP协议在车载地震仪中的设计与应用》，《河北工业科技》 Vol．19 No．4 P．31
17．李春沅，(GPIB及其应用》，《仪表技术》，2001．4 P．42
18．向晓安、古天祥，《数据采集系统中增强型并行(EPP)接口电路的设计》，《电测与仪表》，Vol．38 No．423 Mar．2001 P．30
19．张志利、黄先祥、李亦工，《基于PC总线与GPIB总线的光电设备自动测试系统》，《工业仪表与自动化装置》2001，第一期，P．16
20．王鸿钰、陈瑾，《分布式GPIB测试系统》，《仪表技术》，2000，第六期，P．16