基于体验的用户需求—产品属性转化方法研究
|
摘要
在产品设计过程中,设计师能否有效地从复杂多样的用户需求中找到设计突破口,是设计研究的一个重点。现阶段的产品基本上都已经能够满足人们的基本需求,为用户创造体验是产品竞争发展的一个新的方向,面对这一状况,本文提出了从用户体验入手,研究用户需求向产品属性转化的方法。
本文归纳总结了国内外关于需求向产品属性转化方法研究的现状,分析了用户需求与产品属性的对应关系,理出了基于用户体验的需求向产品属性转化的基本方法。通过研究用户产生体验的各个环节以及属性满足用户需求的情况,将产品属性、用户体验和用户需求联系起来,分析了其内在的联系,得出了基于体验的用户需求转化为产品属性方法的基本思路。首先确定基本的用户需求或期望;第二步通过用户与产品交互过程分析,了解产品的各个属性满足用户需求的情况,再结合用户期望,找出影响用户体验的关键属性;第三步寻找可以提升用户体验的方法,确定产品属性,完成需求到属性的转换。最后将基于用户体验的需求获取方法应用在产品实例中进行验证。
In the product design process, getting an idea from complex user needs effectively is important in design study. Nowadays, most of the products have been able to achieve people's basic needs. The user experience is a new direction in competition of product design. In this paper, the method of user needs transfer to product attributes was proposed with perspective of user experience.
In this paper, the transformation methods have been summarized in the domestic and foreign design area. The relationship between user needs and product attributes has been analyzed. Then, the transformation methods of user needs-product attributes based on user experience were created. In this method, according to the study of the user’s satisfaction and products performances in each task which can give user beautiful experience, the relationship between user needs、product attributes and user experience had been made. Analyzed their internal relations, the basic strategy of this paper was produced. First of all, make sure the user needs were effective, then analyzed the user task, and found out the performance of every part of the product. Secondly, compared the user needs and the product performance to find the key attributes which can affect user experience. Based on the attributes, use some methods to promote user experience. Finally, the transformation of user needs-product attributes has been finished successfully.
本文归纳总结了国内外关于需求向产品属性转化方法研究的现状,分析了用户需求与产品属性的对应关系,理出了基于用户体验的需求向产品属性转化的基本方法。通过研究用户产生体验的各个环节以及属性满足用户需求的情况,将产品属性、用户体验和用户需求联系起来,分析了其内在的联系,得出了基于体验的用户需求转化为产品属性方法的基本思路。首先确定基本的用户需求或期望;第二步通过用户与产品交互过程分析,了解产品的各个属性满足用户需求的情况,再结合用户期望,找出影响用户体验的关键属性;第三步寻找可以提升用户体验的方法,确定产品属性,完成需求到属性的转换。最后将基于用户体验的需求获取方法应用在产品实例中进行验证。
In the product design process, getting an idea from complex user needs effectively is important in design study. Nowadays, most of the products have been able to achieve people's basic needs. The user experience is a new direction in competition of product design. In this paper, the method of user needs transfer to product attributes was proposed with perspective of user experience.
In this paper, the transformation methods have been summarized in the domestic and foreign design area. The relationship between user needs and product attributes has been analyzed. Then, the transformation methods of user needs-product attributes based on user experience were created. In this method, according to the study of the user’s satisfaction and products performances in each task which can give user beautiful experience, the relationship between user needs、product attributes and user experience had been made. Analyzed their internal relations, the basic strategy of this paper was produced. First of all, make sure the user needs were effective, then analyzed the user task, and found out the performance of every part of the product. Secondly, compared the user needs and the product performance to find the key attributes which can affect user experience. Based on the attributes, use some methods to promote user experience. Finally, the transformation of user needs-product attributes has been finished successfully.
引文
1 [美]Kevin N.Otto, Kristin L.Wood.齐春萍,宫晓东,张帆等译.产品设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:11.
2戴力农.当代设计研究理念——用户体验·超人性化设计方法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009:17-18.
4张亚玲.产品属性和品牌关系对手机消费者购后行为的影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[1] [美]Kevin N.Otto,Kristin L.Wood.齐春萍,宫晓东,张帆等译.产品设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[2]张双杰.大规模定制客户需求信息获取系统研究[D].南华大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[3]罗仕鉴,朱上上,孙守迁.产品造型设计中的用户知识与设计知识研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(8).
[4]丁俊健,谈士力,宋晓峰,王妹婷.基于HOQ关系矩阵的用户需求重要度确定方法[J].机械设计,2007,24(6).
[5]张跃刚.基于层次分析法的客户需求分析应用研究[J].矿山机械,2007,35(7).
[6]覃燕红,但斌,张旭梅.基于模块化产品族与客户需求转化的产品配置[J].工业工程与管理,2008,(1).
[7] Patrick Whitney,Anjali Kelkar.Designing for the Base of the Pyramid[EB/OL]. www.id.iit.edu/571/documents/design_for_bop2.pdf.
[8]成明.马斯洛人本哲学[M].九州出版社,2003.
[9]秦龙.马斯洛与健康心理学[M].内蒙古人民出版社,1998.
[10]王吉军,岳同启,张建明,王健.客户广义需求分类体系研究[J].大连大学学报,2002,(6).
[11]张亚玲.产品属性和品牌关系对手机消费者购后行为的影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[12]桂煜航.关于产品特性及其开发的研究[J].科技进步与对策,1999,16(3).
[13]夏春燕.基于情景分析的概念设计方法体系研究及其应用[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[14]刘晓敏,檀润华.情景类比构造模型驱动产品创新设计研究[J].机械设计,2007,24(11).
[15]梁艳红,檀润华.产品概念设计中的功能分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2007,36(4).
[16]张永红,陈国定,陈作模.产品设计事例的描述框架和创新行为研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2003,21(2).
[17]谭浩,赵江洪.基于案例的工业设计情境模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(12).
[18]邓琳,昝昕武,黄茂林,刘伟.基于需求-功能映射分析的概念设计[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(12).
[19] Thomas Y.Lee.Needs-Based Analysis of Online Customer Reviews[EB/OL]. http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~thomasyl/LeeT_NeedsAnalysis.pdf.
[20] Adriano B.Galvao,Keiichi Sato.Affordances In Product Architecture: Linking Technical Functions And Users’Tasks [J].ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences& Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,2005.
[21] Adriano B.Galvao,Keiichi Sato.Incorporating affordances into product architecture: methodology and case study[J].ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,2006.
[22] Kumiyo Nakakoji,Yasuhiro Yamamoto,Masao Ohira.A Framework that Supports Collective Creativity in Design using Visual Images[J].ACM Press,1999,(10).
[23] Yutaka Nomaguchi,Tomohiro Taguchi,Kikuo Fujita.Proposal of Knowledge Model for Designing Product Architecture and Product Family[J].IJCC Workshop 2006 on Digital Engineering,2006.
[24] Robert Amar,John Stasko.A Knowledge Task-Based Framework for Design and Evaluation of Information Visualizations[J].IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization,2004.
[25] John.S.Gero,Udo.Kannengiesse.The Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework[EB/OL].http://mason.gmu.edu/~jgero//publications/2002/02GeroKannengiesserAID02.pdf
[26]赵丽影.产品开发中顾客需求转化为产品属性的路径研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[27] Y-K.Lim,Keiichi Sato.Describing multiple aspects of use situation:Applications of Design Information Framework (DIF) to Scenario Development. Design Studies,2006,27(1) .
[28] S. Teeravarunyou,K. Sato.User Process Based Product Architecture [J].The proceeding of World Congress on Mass Customization and Personalization,Hong Kong,October 1-2,2001.
[29] [美]特里? A ?布里顿,戴安娜?拉萨利.体验-从平凡到卓越的产品策略.中信出版社,2003 .
[30]张凌浩.下一个产品——产品专题设计研究[M].江苏美术出版社,2008.
[31]伯恩哈德?E?布德克.胡飞译.产品设计——历史、理论与实务.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[32] (美)Peter Merholz,Brandon Schaue,David Verba,Todd Wilkens.吴隽辰译.应需而变——设计的力量.机械工业出版社,2009.
[33]李月英.田野调查:文化人类学的主要研究方法[J].今日民族,2007,(9).
[34] [美]菲利普?科特勒,加里?阿姆斯特朗.俞利军译.市场营销[M].北京:华夏出版社,2003:91-116.
[35]罗梦,陈涵,李早.VALS:细分广告市场的有效模型[J].青年记者,2009,(15):93-94.
[36] Vinay Mohanty.Are you really an user experience designer? [EB/OL]. http://www.slideshare.net/write2vin/are-you-an-user-experience-designer.
[37] Virpi Roto.User Experience from Product Creation Perspective[EB/OL]. http://research.nokia.com/files/UXmanifesto-Roto.pdf.
[38] Stephanie Houde,Charles Hill.What Do Prototypes Prototype? [EB/OL]. http://www.saul.unisi.it/mdesign/risorse/Prototypes.pdf
[39] [美] B.Joseph PineⅡ,James H .Gilmore.体验经济(修订版).机械工业出版社,2008.
[40] Gerrit Muller.Architecting for Humans; How to Transfer Experience? [EB/OL]. http://www.gaudisite.nl/ExperienceTransferSlides.pdf
[41] [美]Jonathan Cagan,Craig M.Vogel.辛向阳,潘龙译.创造突破性产品——从产品策略到项目定案的创新[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[42]张亚龄.产品属性和品牌关系对手机消费者购后行为的影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[43] Hans-Christian Jetter,Jens Gerken.A Simplified Model of User Experience for Practical Application[EB/OL].www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/cgip/bib/files/JeGe06.pdf.
[44]王晓艳,胡昌平.基于用户体验的信息构建[J].情报科学,2006,24(8).
[45] Jodi Forlizzi,Shannon Ford.The Building Blocks of Experience:An Early Framework for Interaction Designers[EB/OL].http://goodgestreet.com/docs/forlizziDIS00.pdf.
[46]孙知明.情景分析的战略贡献.企业研究,2002,(3):22-23.
[47]李立华.基于情境分析法的行动辅助设计研究[D].河北工业大学硕士论文,2006.
[48] Dai Pham,Janiece Greene.Creating and Using Personas and Scenarios to Guide SiteDesign[EB/OL].http://www.si-682handson.info/razorfish-2003-05-20.pdf.
[49]涂荣庭,赵占波,涂平.产品属性对顾客满意影响的实证研究[J].管理科学,2007,20(6).
[50]从用户研究到产品设计工作坊[EB/OL]. http://www.uxhome.com/ziliaoxiazai/2009-05-27/54.php.
[51]李乐山.设计调查[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[52]戴力农.当代设计研究理念——用户体验·超人性化设计方法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009.
[53]如何了解用户和需求.[EB/OL]. http://www.uxhome.com/hangyewenzhang/yanjiu/2009-03-12/415.html.
[54]郭振芳.归因理论研究综述[J].科技信息,2007,(32).
[55] Takeshi Goto,Masato Sasaki,Naoto Fukasawa.黄友玫译.不为设计而设计,就是最好的设计——生态学的设计论。台北:漫游者文化出版:大雁出版基地发型,2008.
[56] [美]Donald A.Norman.付秋芳,程进三译.情感化设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[57]王甦,汪安圣.认知心理学.北京:北京大学出版社,1992.
[58] Alan Cooper.交互设计之路——让高科技产品回归人性(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
2戴力农.当代设计研究理念——用户体验·超人性化设计方法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009:17-18.
4张亚玲.产品属性和品牌关系对手机消费者购后行为的影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[1] [美]Kevin N.Otto,Kristin L.Wood.齐春萍,宫晓东,张帆等译.产品设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[2]张双杰.大规模定制客户需求信息获取系统研究[D].南华大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[3]罗仕鉴,朱上上,孙守迁.产品造型设计中的用户知识与设计知识研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(8).
[4]丁俊健,谈士力,宋晓峰,王妹婷.基于HOQ关系矩阵的用户需求重要度确定方法[J].机械设计,2007,24(6).
[5]张跃刚.基于层次分析法的客户需求分析应用研究[J].矿山机械,2007,35(7).
[6]覃燕红,但斌,张旭梅.基于模块化产品族与客户需求转化的产品配置[J].工业工程与管理,2008,(1).
[7] Patrick Whitney,Anjali Kelkar.Designing for the Base of the Pyramid[EB/OL]. www.id.iit.edu/571/documents/design_for_bop2.pdf.
[8]成明.马斯洛人本哲学[M].九州出版社,2003.
[9]秦龙.马斯洛与健康心理学[M].内蒙古人民出版社,1998.
[10]王吉军,岳同启,张建明,王健.客户广义需求分类体系研究[J].大连大学学报,2002,(6).
[11]张亚玲.产品属性和品牌关系对手机消费者购后行为的影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[12]桂煜航.关于产品特性及其开发的研究[J].科技进步与对策,1999,16(3).
[13]夏春燕.基于情景分析的概念设计方法体系研究及其应用[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[14]刘晓敏,檀润华.情景类比构造模型驱动产品创新设计研究[J].机械设计,2007,24(11).
[15]梁艳红,檀润华.产品概念设计中的功能分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2007,36(4).
[16]张永红,陈国定,陈作模.产品设计事例的描述框架和创新行为研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2003,21(2).
[17]谭浩,赵江洪.基于案例的工业设计情境模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(12).
[18]邓琳,昝昕武,黄茂林,刘伟.基于需求-功能映射分析的概念设计[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(12).
[19] Thomas Y.Lee.Needs-Based Analysis of Online Customer Reviews[EB/OL]. http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~thomasyl/LeeT_NeedsAnalysis.pdf.
[20] Adriano B.Galvao,Keiichi Sato.Affordances In Product Architecture: Linking Technical Functions And Users’Tasks [J].ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences& Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,2005.
[21] Adriano B.Galvao,Keiichi Sato.Incorporating affordances into product architecture: methodology and case study[J].ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,2006.
[22] Kumiyo Nakakoji,Yasuhiro Yamamoto,Masao Ohira.A Framework that Supports Collective Creativity in Design using Visual Images[J].ACM Press,1999,(10).
[23] Yutaka Nomaguchi,Tomohiro Taguchi,Kikuo Fujita.Proposal of Knowledge Model for Designing Product Architecture and Product Family[J].IJCC Workshop 2006 on Digital Engineering,2006.
[24] Robert Amar,John Stasko.A Knowledge Task-Based Framework for Design and Evaluation of Information Visualizations[J].IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization,2004.
[25] John.S.Gero,Udo.Kannengiesse.The Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework[EB/OL].http://mason.gmu.edu/~jgero//publications/2002/02GeroKannengiesserAID02.pdf
[26]赵丽影.产品开发中顾客需求转化为产品属性的路径研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[27] Y-K.Lim,Keiichi Sato.Describing multiple aspects of use situation:Applications of Design Information Framework (DIF) to Scenario Development. Design Studies,2006,27(1) .
[28] S. Teeravarunyou,K. Sato.User Process Based Product Architecture [J].The proceeding of World Congress on Mass Customization and Personalization,Hong Kong,October 1-2,2001.
[29] [美]特里? A ?布里顿,戴安娜?拉萨利.体验-从平凡到卓越的产品策略.中信出版社,2003 .
[30]张凌浩.下一个产品——产品专题设计研究[M].江苏美术出版社,2008.
[31]伯恩哈德?E?布德克.胡飞译.产品设计——历史、理论与实务.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[32] (美)Peter Merholz,Brandon Schaue,David Verba,Todd Wilkens.吴隽辰译.应需而变——设计的力量.机械工业出版社,2009.
[33]李月英.田野调查:文化人类学的主要研究方法[J].今日民族,2007,(9).
[34] [美]菲利普?科特勒,加里?阿姆斯特朗.俞利军译.市场营销[M].北京:华夏出版社,2003:91-116.
[35]罗梦,陈涵,李早.VALS:细分广告市场的有效模型[J].青年记者,2009,(15):93-94.
[36] Vinay Mohanty.Are you really an user experience designer? [EB/OL]. http://www.slideshare.net/write2vin/are-you-an-user-experience-designer.
[37] Virpi Roto.User Experience from Product Creation Perspective[EB/OL]. http://research.nokia.com/files/UXmanifesto-Roto.pdf.
[38] Stephanie Houde,Charles Hill.What Do Prototypes Prototype? [EB/OL]. http://www.saul.unisi.it/mdesign/risorse/Prototypes.pdf
[39] [美] B.Joseph PineⅡ,James H .Gilmore.体验经济(修订版).机械工业出版社,2008.
[40] Gerrit Muller.Architecting for Humans; How to Transfer Experience? [EB/OL]. http://www.gaudisite.nl/ExperienceTransferSlides.pdf
[41] [美]Jonathan Cagan,Craig M.Vogel.辛向阳,潘龙译.创造突破性产品——从产品策略到项目定案的创新[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[42]张亚龄.产品属性和品牌关系对手机消费者购后行为的影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[43] Hans-Christian Jetter,Jens Gerken.A Simplified Model of User Experience for Practical Application[EB/OL].www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/cgip/bib/files/JeGe06.pdf.
[44]王晓艳,胡昌平.基于用户体验的信息构建[J].情报科学,2006,24(8).
[45] Jodi Forlizzi,Shannon Ford.The Building Blocks of Experience:An Early Framework for Interaction Designers[EB/OL].http://goodgestreet.com/docs/forlizziDIS00.pdf.
[46]孙知明.情景分析的战略贡献.企业研究,2002,(3):22-23.
[47]李立华.基于情境分析法的行动辅助设计研究[D].河北工业大学硕士论文,2006.
[48] Dai Pham,Janiece Greene.Creating and Using Personas and Scenarios to Guide SiteDesign[EB/OL].http://www.si-682handson.info/razorfish-2003-05-20.pdf.
[49]涂荣庭,赵占波,涂平.产品属性对顾客满意影响的实证研究[J].管理科学,2007,20(6).
[50]从用户研究到产品设计工作坊[EB/OL]. http://www.uxhome.com/ziliaoxiazai/2009-05-27/54.php.
[51]李乐山.设计调查[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[52]戴力农.当代设计研究理念——用户体验·超人性化设计方法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009.
[53]如何了解用户和需求.[EB/OL]. http://www.uxhome.com/hangyewenzhang/yanjiu/2009-03-12/415.html.
[54]郭振芳.归因理论研究综述[J].科技信息,2007,(32).
[55] Takeshi Goto,Masato Sasaki,Naoto Fukasawa.黄友玫译.不为设计而设计,就是最好的设计——生态学的设计论。台北:漫游者文化出版:大雁出版基地发型,2008.
[56] [美]Donald A.Norman.付秋芳,程进三译.情感化设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[57]王甦,汪安圣.认知心理学.北京:北京大学出版社,1992.
[58] Alan Cooper.交互设计之路——让高科技产品回归人性(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.