园林植物景观设计对微气候环境改善的研究
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摘要
园林植物景观是现代生态系统中主要的构成部分,而所形成的微气候对当今人们的生产生活有着直接影响,所以研究园林植物景观设计及其对微气候的改善策略等,越来越受到关注和重视,探讨二者之间的必然联系,改善气候环境和人体的舒适度,提高人们的生活环境质量,具有重要的社会意义和经济意义。
本文主要包括以下的内容：
第一章,对课题研究的意义和现状进行阐述,结合国内外研究进展,对园林植物景观改善微气候的趋势进行了规划与展望。
第二章,剖析了课题研究涉及到的相关概念,全面阐述了微气候、园林植物与设计、人体舒适度的构成和相互影响关系,揭示了园林植物改善微气候的作用。
第三章,系统地对成都市常见的乔木、灌木和草本进行了调查并绘制成植物表,在此章节中主要呈现了20种植物的调查。并对所调研的38种乔木和20种灌草进行了分类。
第四章,通过简单的测试实验,说明了植物对微气候的影响。然后通过对园林植物改善微气候案例分析,得出了两项基于微气候的园林景观设计的重要原则：一、乔灌草多复层结构是最佳配置,而且郁闭度≥0.6为佳；二、LAI≥3的园林植物对改善微气候效果为佳。通过对两项方法的运用,为园林植物景观设计提供了有力的参考与保障。
第五章,分析乔灌草多复层结构与植物的LAI结构,并对一些方案进行两项原则的检测,并在此基础上提出了园林植物景观设计的策略与方法。
最后是对全文的总结与研究的展望。再次强调园林植物景观设计及其对改善微气候的重要性。号召全社会都要共同关注生态环境、关注人文、关注微气候、关注舒适度,精心设计园林植物景观配置,为改善微气候服务。
Garden plants landscape is the main component in the modern ecosystem, the formation of micro-climate of today's production and living of the people has a direct impact, the study of garden plants in landscape design and its effect on micro-climate improvement strategy, more and more attention and attention, to explore the inevitable link between the two, to improve the climate and environment and human comfort and improve the environmental quality of people's lives, with important social and economic significance.
This article consists of the following content:
The first chapter, the meaning and status of the research described, combined with research advances, planning and landscape plants landscape to improve the micro climate trends.
The second chapter analyzes the research related to the concept of a comprehensive exposition of the micro-climate, garden plants and design, the composition of human comfort, and mutual influence, revealing the role of landscape plants to improve the microclimate.
The third chapter, a comprehensive system of common trees, shrubs and herbaceous were investigated and drawn into plants form of Chengdu city,and presented a survey of20plant species. And38kinds of trees on the investigation and20kinds of shrub and grass are classified.
The fourth chapter, Through the test of a simple experiment, the effect of plant on Microclimate,then through the analysis on the improvement of landscape plant microclimate case, obtained based on two important principles of landscape design of micro climate:one, grass and shrub of several complex layer structure is the best configuration, and canopy density≥0.6is preferred; two, LAI>3garden plants to improve the microclimate effect. Through the use of the two methods, and provides reference and powerful protection for the plant landscape designthe.
The fifth chapter, analysis of the LAI structure of arbor complex layer structure and plant, detection and the two principles of some schemes, and puts forward the strategies and methods of plant landscape design.
Finally, a summary of the full text and research outlook. Again emphasize the importance of landscape plants landscape design and to improve the microclimate. It called on all social ecological environment should be of common concern, focus on culture, concerned about the micro-climate, concerned about the comfort, well-designed garden plants landscape configuration, to improve the microclimate.
本文主要包括以下的内容：
第一章,对课题研究的意义和现状进行阐述,结合国内外研究进展,对园林植物景观改善微气候的趋势进行了规划与展望。
第二章,剖析了课题研究涉及到的相关概念,全面阐述了微气候、园林植物与设计、人体舒适度的构成和相互影响关系,揭示了园林植物改善微气候的作用。
第三章,系统地对成都市常见的乔木、灌木和草本进行了调查并绘制成植物表,在此章节中主要呈现了20种植物的调查。并对所调研的38种乔木和20种灌草进行了分类。
第四章,通过简单的测试实验,说明了植物对微气候的影响。然后通过对园林植物改善微气候案例分析,得出了两项基于微气候的园林景观设计的重要原则：一、乔灌草多复层结构是最佳配置,而且郁闭度≥0.6为佳；二、LAI≥3的园林植物对改善微气候效果为佳。通过对两项方法的运用,为园林植物景观设计提供了有力的参考与保障。
第五章,分析乔灌草多复层结构与植物的LAI结构,并对一些方案进行两项原则的检测,并在此基础上提出了园林植物景观设计的策略与方法。
最后是对全文的总结与研究的展望。再次强调园林植物景观设计及其对改善微气候的重要性。号召全社会都要共同关注生态环境、关注人文、关注微气候、关注舒适度,精心设计园林植物景观配置,为改善微气候服务。
Garden plants landscape is the main component in the modern ecosystem, the formation of micro-climate of today's production and living of the people has a direct impact, the study of garden plants in landscape design and its effect on micro-climate improvement strategy, more and more attention and attention, to explore the inevitable link between the two, to improve the climate and environment and human comfort and improve the environmental quality of people's lives, with important social and economic significance.
This article consists of the following content:
The first chapter, the meaning and status of the research described, combined with research advances, planning and landscape plants landscape to improve the micro climate trends.
The second chapter analyzes the research related to the concept of a comprehensive exposition of the micro-climate, garden plants and design, the composition of human comfort, and mutual influence, revealing the role of landscape plants to improve the microclimate.
The third chapter, a comprehensive system of common trees, shrubs and herbaceous were investigated and drawn into plants form of Chengdu city,and presented a survey of20plant species. And38kinds of trees on the investigation and20kinds of shrub and grass are classified.
The fourth chapter, Through the test of a simple experiment, the effect of plant on Microclimate,then through the analysis on the improvement of landscape plant microclimate case, obtained based on two important principles of landscape design of micro climate:one, grass and shrub of several complex layer structure is the best configuration, and canopy density≥0.6is preferred; two, LAI>3garden plants to improve the microclimate effect. Through the use of the two methods, and provides reference and powerful protection for the plant landscape designthe.
The fifth chapter, analysis of the LAI structure of arbor complex layer structure and plant, detection and the two principles of some schemes, and puts forward the strategies and methods of plant landscape design.
Finally, a summary of the full text and research outlook. Again emphasize the importance of landscape plants landscape design and to improve the microclimate. It called on all social ecological environment should be of common concern, focus on culture, concerned about the micro-climate, concerned about the comfort, well-designed garden plants landscape configuration, to improve the microclimate.
引文
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[4]Norman J.Rosenberg,Blaine L.Blad, Shashi B.Verma.Microclimate,The Biological Environment [M].Second Edition.USA:Wiley-Interscience Publication,1983:1-5
[5]王鹏.建筑适应气候——兼论乡土建筑及其气候策略.清华大学博士论文,2007
[6]韩焕金.城市绿化树种生态功能研究.东北林业大学硕士论文,2009年5月.
[7]Akira Hoyano,Climatological Uses of Plants for Solar Control and the Effects on theThermal Environment of a Building,Energy and Buildings,11 (1988) 181-199
[8]Horiguchi Takeshi,A New System for Roof-top Planting and its ThermalCharacteristics Part 2,日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,1993,9.
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[10]Onmura Sadayuki et al.,A Study on Evaporative Cooling Effect by roof LawnGarden,Part 2 Wind Tunnel Test and Analysis,日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,1993,9
[11]Akira Hoyano,Jiang He,Takeshi Horiguchi and Ger Wang,Experimental Study of Heat Budget for Foliage layer of Lawn-Planting,Effect of Rooftop Lawn-Plantingon Thermal Environment Part Ⅰ.Journal of Architecture,Planning andEnvironmental Engineering,AIJ,No.462,31-39,Aug.,1994
[12]Hisaya Ishino,Jun Tanimito,Masahide Yanagi,Study on the Evaporation fromFoliage Plant in Indoor Environment.Journal of Architecture,Planning andEnvironmental Engineering. AIJ,No.457,Mar.,1994
[13]Tadahisa Katayama,Akio Morikawa,Shoichi Masuda,Investigation on theFormation of Thermal Environment in an Urban Canyon,Journal of Architecture,Planning and Environmental Engineering, (Transactions of AIJ) No.372,February,1987
[14]Weijun Gao,Hirokatsu Sugiyama,Toshio Ojima,Field Study of Effect of Street andIts Trees on Thermal Environment of Sidewalks,Journal of Architecture,Planningand Environmental Engineering,AIJ,N0.469,53-64,Mar.,1995
[15]Weijun Gao,Thermal Effects of Open Space with a Green Area on UrbanEnvironment,Partl:a Theoretical Analysis and its Application,Journal ofArchitecture,Planning and Environmental Engineering,AIJ,N0.448,June,1993
[16]Haruhisa Shudo,Jyunji Sugiyama,Noriyoshi Yokoo,Tatsuo Oka,A Study onTemperature Distribution Influenced by Various Land Uses,Energy and Buildings,26 (1997) 199-205
[17][荷]J.高德力安,作物气象学：模拟研究.北京：科学出版社,1986.
[18]Monteith,植被与大气一原理,北京：农业出版社,p114,(1985)
[20]河田佑二、吉田伸治、大同能三.榭冠の光学的深さ、枼面積密度の簡易推定方法の提案.日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(北陸)2002年8月.
[22]陈卓伦.绿化体系对湿热地区建筑组团室外热环境影响研究.华南理工大学博士论文,2010
[23]陈睿智,董靓.校园环境园林设计中的人体舒适度初探[C].中国建筑学会建筑师分会教育建筑学组四届三次学术年会论文集,2008
[24]蒋美珍等,园林绿化改善小气候的功能,《绿化环境效应研究》,中国环境科学出版社,1992,19-22
[25]吴延鹏、狄洪发、江亿,绿色植物对室外微气候环境影响的研究进展,2010
[26]蒋慧君.绿色植被对建筑物室内外空气环境影响的初步研究：[学位论文].西安：西安建筑科技大学环境工程系,1998
[27]林波荣.绿化对室外热环境影响的研究.清华大学博士论文,2009
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