建筑外墙面热辐射性能对室外温度场的影响
|
摘要
在城市不断发展的今天,室外热环境质量日益成为人们所关注的焦点。随着城市的膨胀,大量建筑被快速建造,摩天高楼林立,绿地面积锐减。城市界面性质的改变使建筑物外表面性能尤其是热辐射性能对室外热环境的影响日益加强。针对这一形势,本文重点研究了广州地区居住小区夏季各种常见墙面材料类型对室外热环境的影响。主要开展了以下研究工作:
1.对红外热像仪大角度仰拍的测量方法的准确性进行分析。
2.分别对白色马赛克和灰色水刷石墙面建筑的壁面温度,接收或发射太阳辐射和长波辐射的状况,壁面近旁空气温度及其所在环境的温度变化进行24小时连续观测实验。结果表明:建筑外墙面的热辐射性差异能对其室外热环境造成的影响不可忽视。实验中,对比于灰色水刷石粗糙墙面,白色马赛克墙面对室外环境有更强的增温作用。
3.基于观测实验数据,分析,总结不同时段内不同墙面热辐射性能对建筑壁面,近旁空气温度变化的影响原因。
4.使用CFD软件Fluent系列软件包对理想化的简单建筑群模型进行数值模拟,抽取出建筑外墙面类型分别随建筑密度,建筑容积率,建筑组团方式的变化形成的室外1.5m高处温度场差异。
本文通过实际观测和计算机数值模拟手段的结合,较深入地分析归纳了建筑外墙面热辐射对室外热环境,尤其是温度场变化的影响机理特征与规律。为今后建筑小区规划设计提供了具指导意义的参考意见。
The condition of outdoor thermal environment has been one of those who the public concerned with today.Unfortunately, it was becoming worse with the development ot cities. More and more skyscrapers are built, which means the greenbelt would less and less. The area of building facades grows at the same time so the fluence from walls to the environment is much stronger than any other period before. According to this situation, this paper will pay attention to how different types of facades change the temperature of outdoor environment in the summer of Guangzhou. These are the main researchs this paper did:
1.Judge the veracity of infrared thermograph worked in great angle.
2.A 24h lasting observation was done for obtainning differences datas between walls in white mosaic tile and grey granitic plaster. The datas contain the facade temperature, intensity of solar radiation and IR radiation and the air temperature near walls, the air temperature of environment. The observation shows that the building facades in white mosaic tiles have a stronger warming effect to the enviroment.
3. Abase on the data we got form step 2, an analysis was done to figure out the deep reasons of these variations.
4. Simulations for idealized building models air temperature variation had been done with Fluent. And some useful messages were picked up. Through these messages, the collections between air temperature and building facades under different building densities ,plot ratio and combinations of architectures were found.
Above all, this paper made a deep analysis on the influnce of building facades to the outdoor air temperature’variations by both autoptical experiment and idealized simulations. These achievements will be useful opinions for the urban planning.
1.对红外热像仪大角度仰拍的测量方法的准确性进行分析。
2.分别对白色马赛克和灰色水刷石墙面建筑的壁面温度,接收或发射太阳辐射和长波辐射的状况,壁面近旁空气温度及其所在环境的温度变化进行24小时连续观测实验。结果表明:建筑外墙面的热辐射性差异能对其室外热环境造成的影响不可忽视。实验中,对比于灰色水刷石粗糙墙面,白色马赛克墙面对室外环境有更强的增温作用。
3.基于观测实验数据,分析,总结不同时段内不同墙面热辐射性能对建筑壁面,近旁空气温度变化的影响原因。
4.使用CFD软件Fluent系列软件包对理想化的简单建筑群模型进行数值模拟,抽取出建筑外墙面类型分别随建筑密度,建筑容积率,建筑组团方式的变化形成的室外1.5m高处温度场差异。
本文通过实际观测和计算机数值模拟手段的结合,较深入地分析归纳了建筑外墙面热辐射对室外热环境,尤其是温度场变化的影响机理特征与规律。为今后建筑小区规划设计提供了具指导意义的参考意见。
The condition of outdoor thermal environment has been one of those who the public concerned with today.Unfortunately, it was becoming worse with the development ot cities. More and more skyscrapers are built, which means the greenbelt would less and less. The area of building facades grows at the same time so the fluence from walls to the environment is much stronger than any other period before. According to this situation, this paper will pay attention to how different types of facades change the temperature of outdoor environment in the summer of Guangzhou. These are the main researchs this paper did:
1.Judge the veracity of infrared thermograph worked in great angle.
2.A 24h lasting observation was done for obtainning differences datas between walls in white mosaic tile and grey granitic plaster. The datas contain the facade temperature, intensity of solar radiation and IR radiation and the air temperature near walls, the air temperature of environment. The observation shows that the building facades in white mosaic tiles have a stronger warming effect to the enviroment.
3. Abase on the data we got form step 2, an analysis was done to figure out the deep reasons of these variations.
4. Simulations for idealized building models air temperature variation had been done with Fluent. And some useful messages were picked up. Through these messages, the collections between air temperature and building facades under different building densities ,plot ratio and combinations of architectures were found.
Above all, this paper made a deep analysis on the influnce of building facades to the outdoor air temperature’variations by both autoptical experiment and idealized simulations. These achievements will be useful opinions for the urban planning.
引文
[1]何云玲张一平.城市生态环境与绿化植被相互作用研究[J].高原气候,2004 ,23 (3) : 297-304
[2]王翠云.基于遥感和CFD技术的城市热环境分析与模拟—以兰州市为例[D].兰州市:兰州大学,2008
[3]苟平,王众.建筑热反射研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2007,29(1):31-35
[4]彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991:28-29
[5]林波荣,李晓锋,朱颖心.太阳辐射下建筑外微气候的实验研究—建筑外表面温度分布及气流特征[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):328-333
[6]任伟峰.不同气候区建筑围护结构及材料的研究[D].北京市,北京工业大学,2007
[7]邓永强.湿热气候建筑外墙热湿耦合迁移特性研究[D].长沙,湖南大学,2009
[8]杨艳超.不同结构复合墙体的传热特性[J].能源与环境,2005,(3):38-41
[9]杨卫国等.竖直墙面不同方位上太阳辐射量的计算分析[J].西南师范大学学报,33(2):22-25
[10] Jun Han, Lin Lu ,Hongxing Yang. Investigantion on the thermal performance of sifferent lightweght roofing,(29) :2491-2499
[11] Sami A,Al-Sanea. Thermal performance of building roof elements[J].Building and Environment,2002,(37):665-675
[12] M.T.R. Jayasinghe,R.A.Attalage,A.I.Jayawardena.Roof orientation,roofing material and roof surface colour:their influence on indoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates[J].Energy for Sustainable Development,2003,7(1):16-27
[13] Sang-Tae No,Kang-Soo Kim,Jin-Se Jung.Simulation and mock-up tests of the thermal performance of curtain wall[J].Energy and Buildings,2008(40):1135-1144
[14]张一平,何云玲,刘玉洪等.昆明城市建筑物外壁表面热力效应研究—不同季节建筑物外墙壁面表温和近旁气温时空分布特征[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):597-604
[15]林波荣,李晓锋,朱颖心.太阳辐射下建筑外微气候的实验研究—建筑外表面温度分布及气流特征[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):327-333
[16]张会宁,张一平,蓬云川等.昆明和北京两幢建筑物表面热力效应的观察对比.应用气象学报[J],2008,19(5):573-581
[17]张一平,李佑荣.城市区域内建筑物表面温度特征[J].城市环境与城市生态.1997,10(1):39-42
[18]何云玲,张一平,刘玉洪.城市区域内建筑物墙体内外壁表面温度特征的比较研究[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(2):198-205
[19]张会宁,张一平,周跃等.城市建筑物外表面对其近旁大气间的热量传递研究.
[20]张会宁,张一平,何云玲.昆明城市庭院气温垂直分布特征及不同下垫面对其影响的研究[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(3):293-299
[21] S.E.G.JAYAMAHA,N.E.WIJEYSUNDERA,S.K.CHOU.Measurement of the heat transfer coefficient for walls[J].Building and Environment,1996,32(5):399-407
[22] Francisco Sánchez de la Flor,Servando Alvarez Dom′nguez.Modelling microclimate in urban enviroments and assessing its in uence on the performance of surrounding building[J].Energy and Buildings,2004,(36)403-413
[23]冉茂宇,杨若菡.夏季阴天户外空间表面温度测试及分析[J].华侨大学学报,2006,27(2):162-165
[24]林波荣,李晓锋,朱颖心.太阳辐射下建筑外微气候的实验研究—建筑外表面温度分布及气流特征[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):327-333
[25] K.Niachou,I.Livacla,M.Santamouris.Experimental study of temperature and airflow distribution inside an urban street canyon during hot summer weather conditions—Part I: Air and surface temperatures[J]. Building and Environment,2008(43) 1383–1392。
[26]李英,王玉卓.建筑非透明外墙面材料热工性能研究[J].建筑技术,2009,40(1)38-41
[27]陈志,俞炳丰,商萍君.反照率影响建筑热环境的实验[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(6):863-867
[28]建筑群及单栋建筑周围空气温度的理论和实验研究
[29]李莹,建筑布局对小区热环境影响的数值分析[D].北京市,清华大学,2000
[30]王菲,肖勇全.太阳辐射引起建筑群温升的探讨[J].暖通空调,2005,35(4):9-12
[31]于震,李先庭等.单栋建筑室外热环境的模拟计算方法[J].太阳能学报2004,25(1)6-12
[32]陈宏.通过建筑外壁绿化改善城市热环境的研究.新建筑,2002,2:79-80
[33]冉茂宇,杨若菡,孟庆林.太阳辐射下户外空间界面温度的预测模型和方法[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(7):719-724
[34]胡凌,建筑外墙隔热涂料的研究[D],重庆市,重庆大学,2007
[35] A. Synnefa , M. Santamouris, I. Livada. A study of the thermal performance of reflective coatings for the urban environment[J]. Solar Energy .80 (2006) 968–981
[36] Doulos L,Santamouris M,Livada I.Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces.The role ofmaterials[J].Solar Energy.2004,77(2):231-249
[37]唐鸣放,钱炜.采用生态建筑隔热措施改善城市热环境.重庆建筑大学学报[J].2001,23(4)31-35
[38]华南理工大学.建筑物理[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002
[39] [美] D.皮茨L.西索姆著.葛新石等译.传热学(原第二版)[M].科学出版社.2002
[40]于国清高钢烽.环境条件下对建筑墙体热流现场测试影响的研究[J]低温建筑技术,2009,8:105-107
[41]邓述平,王仲谷.居住区规划设计资料集[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社
[42]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[43]叶歆.建筑热环境[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1996
[2]王翠云.基于遥感和CFD技术的城市热环境分析与模拟—以兰州市为例[D].兰州市:兰州大学,2008
[3]苟平,王众.建筑热反射研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2007,29(1):31-35
[4]彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991:28-29
[5]林波荣,李晓锋,朱颖心.太阳辐射下建筑外微气候的实验研究—建筑外表面温度分布及气流特征[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):328-333
[6]任伟峰.不同气候区建筑围护结构及材料的研究[D].北京市,北京工业大学,2007
[7]邓永强.湿热气候建筑外墙热湿耦合迁移特性研究[D].长沙,湖南大学,2009
[8]杨艳超.不同结构复合墙体的传热特性[J].能源与环境,2005,(3):38-41
[9]杨卫国等.竖直墙面不同方位上太阳辐射量的计算分析[J].西南师范大学学报,33(2):22-25
[10] Jun Han, Lin Lu ,Hongxing Yang. Investigantion on the thermal performance of sifferent lightweght roofing,(29) :2491-2499
[11] Sami A,Al-Sanea. Thermal performance of building roof elements[J].Building and Environment,2002,(37):665-675
[12] M.T.R. Jayasinghe,R.A.Attalage,A.I.Jayawardena.Roof orientation,roofing material and roof surface colour:their influence on indoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates[J].Energy for Sustainable Development,2003,7(1):16-27
[13] Sang-Tae No,Kang-Soo Kim,Jin-Se Jung.Simulation and mock-up tests of the thermal performance of curtain wall[J].Energy and Buildings,2008(40):1135-1144
[14]张一平,何云玲,刘玉洪等.昆明城市建筑物外壁表面热力效应研究—不同季节建筑物外墙壁面表温和近旁气温时空分布特征[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):597-604
[15]林波荣,李晓锋,朱颖心.太阳辐射下建筑外微气候的实验研究—建筑外表面温度分布及气流特征[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):327-333
[16]张会宁,张一平,蓬云川等.昆明和北京两幢建筑物表面热力效应的观察对比.应用气象学报[J],2008,19(5):573-581
[17]张一平,李佑荣.城市区域内建筑物表面温度特征[J].城市环境与城市生态.1997,10(1):39-42
[18]何云玲,张一平,刘玉洪.城市区域内建筑物墙体内外壁表面温度特征的比较研究[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(2):198-205
[19]张会宁,张一平,周跃等.城市建筑物外表面对其近旁大气间的热量传递研究.
[20]张会宁,张一平,何云玲.昆明城市庭院气温垂直分布特征及不同下垫面对其影响的研究[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(3):293-299
[21] S.E.G.JAYAMAHA,N.E.WIJEYSUNDERA,S.K.CHOU.Measurement of the heat transfer coefficient for walls[J].Building and Environment,1996,32(5):399-407
[22] Francisco Sánchez de la Flor,Servando Alvarez Dom′nguez.Modelling microclimate in urban enviroments and assessing its in uence on the performance of surrounding building[J].Energy and Buildings,2004,(36)403-413
[23]冉茂宇,杨若菡.夏季阴天户外空间表面温度测试及分析[J].华侨大学学报,2006,27(2):162-165
[24]林波荣,李晓锋,朱颖心.太阳辐射下建筑外微气候的实验研究—建筑外表面温度分布及气流特征[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):327-333
[25] K.Niachou,I.Livacla,M.Santamouris.Experimental study of temperature and airflow distribution inside an urban street canyon during hot summer weather conditions—Part I: Air and surface temperatures[J]. Building and Environment,2008(43) 1383–1392。
[26]李英,王玉卓.建筑非透明外墙面材料热工性能研究[J].建筑技术,2009,40(1)38-41
[27]陈志,俞炳丰,商萍君.反照率影响建筑热环境的实验[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(6):863-867
[28]建筑群及单栋建筑周围空气温度的理论和实验研究
[29]李莹,建筑布局对小区热环境影响的数值分析[D].北京市,清华大学,2000
[30]王菲,肖勇全.太阳辐射引起建筑群温升的探讨[J].暖通空调,2005,35(4):9-12
[31]于震,李先庭等.单栋建筑室外热环境的模拟计算方法[J].太阳能学报2004,25(1)6-12
[32]陈宏.通过建筑外壁绿化改善城市热环境的研究.新建筑,2002,2:79-80
[33]冉茂宇,杨若菡,孟庆林.太阳辐射下户外空间界面温度的预测模型和方法[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(7):719-724
[34]胡凌,建筑外墙隔热涂料的研究[D],重庆市,重庆大学,2007
[35] A. Synnefa , M. Santamouris, I. Livada. A study of the thermal performance of reflective coatings for the urban environment[J]. Solar Energy .80 (2006) 968–981
[36] Doulos L,Santamouris M,Livada I.Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces.The role ofmaterials[J].Solar Energy.2004,77(2):231-249
[37]唐鸣放,钱炜.采用生态建筑隔热措施改善城市热环境.重庆建筑大学学报[J].2001,23(4)31-35
[38]华南理工大学.建筑物理[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002
[39] [美] D.皮茨L.西索姆著.葛新石等译.传热学(原第二版)[M].科学出版社.2002
[40]于国清高钢烽.环境条件下对建筑墙体热流现场测试影响的研究[J]低温建筑技术,2009,8:105-107
[41]邓述平,王仲谷.居住区规划设计资料集[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社
[42]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[43]叶歆.建筑热环境[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1996