脊加载盘荷波导慢波系统的研究
|
摘要
行波管是雷达、通信、对抗和精密制导等设备的“心脏”，而慢波系统作为行波管进行注波互作用激励微波能量的主要部件，是行波管的核心，其性能优劣直接决定高功率微波源的性能。本学位论文采用理论分析和计算机模拟相结合就脊加载盘荷波导结构进行了一系列的深入研究，得到了许多有用的结论。
主要工作和创新成果如下：
一、首先在盘荷波导理论的基础上，严格分析加上脊后的各区场表达式，利用边界条件和函数的正交性推导出对应的色散方程和耦合阻抗表达式，并通过数值模拟计算，详细讨论了该结构的几何参数对色散方程和耦合阻抗的影响。结果表明：脊加载盘荷波导是一种尺寸大，功率容量大的全金属结构，在加脊后可以改善导波特性，提高带宽。
二、对脊加载盘荷波导注波互作用的线性理论进行了研究。考虑实心电子注，分区求出各区慢电磁波的场方程，然后利用边界条件，用严格的场匹配方法，经过一系列的推导得到了考虑空间电荷效应的“热”色散方程。作为大功率的行波管，我们考虑了电子注的相对论效应，数值求解“热”色散方程，得到脊加载盘荷波导几何参数和电子注参量与小信号增益的关系。研究表明：对应最大的增益，有一饱和电压存在；小信号增益随电子注电流的增大而增大；也随电子注半径的增加而增大。脊加载盘荷波导具有高增益、窄频带的特点，但合理地选择脊的相关参数和电子注参量，可以获得好的带宽。
Travelling wave tubes （TWT） are the heart parts of radar systems，communication systems，electronic countermeasures，remote-control&test device，accurate guidance equipment,etc.As the main component of the beam-wave interaction of a travelling wave tube for producing microwave energy,the solw-wave structure ( SWS ) is the key of the TWT. It basically determines the performance of the TWT . In this paper, the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs as SWS, a series of detailed studies have been made by theoretical method combining with numerical ananlysis,and a great deal of valuable conclusions have been obtained.
Our main and creative works are as following:
1. First, on the basic theory of the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide, we analysis field equation in each area of the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs. The dispersion equation and the coupling impedance of this structure are obtained by means of triangle function's orthogonality and combing with the field matching method. Through the numerical calculation, we discuss the influence of various structure's parameter on the dispersion and the coupling impedance. It shows that the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs, which is one of large diameter, all-metal structure and allows for high average power capability, can improve the propagating wave's characteristics and gain a relative broad bandwidth by means of modifying the geometrical dimensions of the circuits.
2. Linear theory of the beam-wave interaction in the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs has been studied. We consider the solid electron beam. The hot dispersion relation including the electron beam space charge effect is obtained in this paper, by series of propagating with using of the boundary condition and combining with the field matching method. As a high-power TWT, we consider the relativistic effect of the solid beam. The numerical results are given in terms of the
small signal gain curve and slow-wave ration curve. Finally, the influence the radius of the electron beam, current of the electron beam, the acceleration voltage and the geometrical dimension of the slow-wave structure on small signal gain are discussed. Studies show that: there exists an optimum beam voltage for the maximum gain; the gain increases with the beam current; the beam radius effects the gain intensively; we can gain both high power output and relative broad bandwidth by choosing the number of ribs and appropriate beam parameters.
主要工作和创新成果如下：
一、首先在盘荷波导理论的基础上，严格分析加上脊后的各区场表达式，利用边界条件和函数的正交性推导出对应的色散方程和耦合阻抗表达式，并通过数值模拟计算，详细讨论了该结构的几何参数对色散方程和耦合阻抗的影响。结果表明：脊加载盘荷波导是一种尺寸大，功率容量大的全金属结构，在加脊后可以改善导波特性，提高带宽。
二、对脊加载盘荷波导注波互作用的线性理论进行了研究。考虑实心电子注，分区求出各区慢电磁波的场方程，然后利用边界条件，用严格的场匹配方法，经过一系列的推导得到了考虑空间电荷效应的“热”色散方程。作为大功率的行波管，我们考虑了电子注的相对论效应，数值求解“热”色散方程，得到脊加载盘荷波导几何参数和电子注参量与小信号增益的关系。研究表明：对应最大的增益，有一饱和电压存在；小信号增益随电子注电流的增大而增大；也随电子注半径的增加而增大。脊加载盘荷波导具有高增益、窄频带的特点，但合理地选择脊的相关参数和电子注参量，可以获得好的带宽。
Travelling wave tubes （TWT） are the heart parts of radar systems，communication systems，electronic countermeasures，remote-control&test device，accurate guidance equipment,etc.As the main component of the beam-wave interaction of a travelling wave tube for producing microwave energy,the solw-wave structure ( SWS ) is the key of the TWT. It basically determines the performance of the TWT . In this paper, the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs as SWS, a series of detailed studies have been made by theoretical method combining with numerical ananlysis,and a great deal of valuable conclusions have been obtained.
Our main and creative works are as following:
1. First, on the basic theory of the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide, we analysis field equation in each area of the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs. The dispersion equation and the coupling impedance of this structure are obtained by means of triangle function's orthogonality and combing with the field matching method. Through the numerical calculation, we discuss the influence of various structure's parameter on the dispersion and the coupling impedance. It shows that the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs, which is one of large diameter, all-metal structure and allows for high average power capability, can improve the propagating wave's characteristics and gain a relative broad bandwidth by means of modifying the geometrical dimensions of the circuits.
2. Linear theory of the beam-wave interaction in the coaxial disk cylindrical waveguide with longitudinal ribs has been studied. We consider the solid electron beam. The hot dispersion relation including the electron beam space charge effect is obtained in this paper, by series of propagating with using of the boundary condition and combining with the field matching method. As a high-power TWT, we consider the relativistic effect of the solid beam. The numerical results are given in terms of the
small signal gain curve and slow-wave ration curve. Finally, the influence the radius of the electron beam, current of the electron beam, the acceleration voltage and the geometrical dimension of the slow-wave structure on small signal gain are discussed. Studies show that: there exists an optimum beam voltage for the maximum gain; the gain increases with the beam current; the beam radius effects the gain intensively; we can gain both high power output and relative broad bandwidth by choosing the number of ribs and appropriate beam parameters.
引文
1. James Benford, John Swegle ,高功率微波，电子科技大学出版社，1996
2. 廖复疆，真空电子技术：信息装备的心脏，国防工业出版社，1999.10
3. D.Shffler, J.A.Natiohn, and G.S.Kerslick, A High-Power Traveling Wave Tube Amplifer, IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci, Vol.18.No.3,1990,546
4. John A.Swegle,James W.Poukey,and Gordon T.Leifeste, Backward wave oscillators with rippled wall resonators:Analytic theory and numerical simulation,Phys. Fluids 28(9), September 1985,2882-2894
5. M.Shoucri,The Excitation of Microwaves by a relativistic Electron Beam in a Dielectric-lined Waveguide,Phys.Fluids, Vol.26,1983,2271
6. J.A.Nation, D.Shifller, J.D.Ivers,and G.Kerslick, High Power traveling wave amplifier experiments, SPIE.Vol.1061,Microwave and particle Beam Source and Directed Energy Concepts(1989)
7. A.E.Acker,Interest in mm Waves Spurs Tube Growth, Microwaves , July,1982,21,P55-74
8. D. Deml, Microwellenrohren: Derzeitigen stand and Trend, NTZ-Fachberichte'85: Elektrinentonhren, Berlin, VDE-VERLAG GmbH, 1983,P61-67
9. H.Hashimoto,T.Ide,T.Konishi,etc.,A 30GHz 40 watt helix TWT,IEDM 83,1983,P133-136
10. A.Jacquez,44GHz helix TWTs for Satellite Communication Systems,IEDM 84,1984,P506-508
11. E.Glass,Microwllen Magazin,March,1981,P273
12. C.W.Linn,Microwave Journal,25,July,1982,P16
13. Bill G.James,Coupled cavity TWT designed for future MM-wave systems, MSN&CT, Sep, 1986,P105-116
14. 王文祥，余车芬，宫玉彬，行波管慢波系统的新进展――全金属慢波结构，真空电子技术，1995年第5期，P30-37
15. 宫玉彬，周咏东，莫元龙，孙嘉鸿，毫米波双交错梯形耦合腔链的研究，电子学报，Vol.24,No.3,1996,P19-22
16. Wenxiang Wang,Guofen Yu and Yanyu Wei, study of the Ridge-loaded Helical-Groove Slow-wave Structure,IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol.MTT-45,No.10,Oct.1997,P1689-1695
17. G.Dohler,D.Gagne,et.al.,Serpentine waveguide TWT,IEDM,1987,P485-488
18. S.Ahn,A.k.Ganguly,Analysis of helical waveguide,IEEE Trans on Electron Device, Vol.ED-33,No.9,1986,P1348-1355
19. V.Lagange,F.Payen,pi-line high power TWTs,IEDM,1985,P350-353
20. V.A.Vanke,A.V.Konnov, et.al., On sectioned traveling wave tubes with a circularly poplarized field , Radioteknika I Elektronica, No.7,1990,P1549-1551
21. C. E. Enderby, Ring-plane traveling-wave amplifier:40KW at 9mm, IEEE Trans on Electron Devices,Vol.ED-11,No.6,1964,P262-266
22. Yubin Gong,Wenxiang Wang,Yanyu Wei and Shenggang Lie,Theoritical analysis of ridge-loaded ring-plane slow-wave structure by variational methods,IEEE Proc.Microwave. Antennas Propagation, Vol.145,No.5, Oct.1998,P397-406
23. H.Takemura et.al., A novel vertical current limiter fabricated with a deep trench forming technology for highly reliable field emitter arrays,IEDM,1997,P709-712
24. A.Karp,Design for a high-impedance narrow band 42GHz power TWT using a 'fundamenta/forward' Ladder-Based Circuit,NASA report,CR165282,1980
25. 张克潜，李德杰著，微波与光电子学中的电磁理论，电子工业出版社2001
26. 刘盛纲等，微波电子学导论，国防工业出版社，1985
27. R.M.White,C.E.Enderby and C.K.Birdsall,Properties of ring-plane slow wave circuits,IEEE Trans on Electron Devices,June,1964,Vol.Ed-11,P247-261
28. H.P.Freund,M.A.Kodis,N.R.Vanderplaate,Self-consistent field theory if a helix travelling wave tube amplifier,IEEE Trans on ED,1992,Vol.20,No.5,P543-553
29. R.J.Barker and E.Schamiloglu,High-Power-Microwave Sources and Technologies,IEEE press series on RF and Microwave Technoloty,IEEE press,New York,2001.
30. M.I.Oksanen, Space-harmonic analysis of multideph corrugated waveguids, IEEE proc.,Vol.136, Pr.H,No.2,April 1989,P151-158
31. Y.Takeichi,T.Hashimoto and F.Takeda, The ring-loaded corrugated waveguide IEEE Trans,On MTT,Vol.MTT-19,1971,P947-950
2. 廖复疆，真空电子技术：信息装备的心脏，国防工业出版社，1999.10
3. D.Shffler, J.A.Natiohn, and G.S.Kerslick, A High-Power Traveling Wave Tube Amplifer, IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci, Vol.18.No.3,1990,546
4. John A.Swegle,James W.Poukey,and Gordon T.Leifeste, Backward wave oscillators with rippled wall resonators:Analytic theory and numerical simulation,Phys. Fluids 28(9), September 1985,2882-2894
5. M.Shoucri,The Excitation of Microwaves by a relativistic Electron Beam in a Dielectric-lined Waveguide,Phys.Fluids, Vol.26,1983,2271
6. J.A.Nation, D.Shifller, J.D.Ivers,and G.Kerslick, High Power traveling wave amplifier experiments, SPIE.Vol.1061,Microwave and particle Beam Source and Directed Energy Concepts(1989)
7. A.E.Acker,Interest in mm Waves Spurs Tube Growth, Microwaves , July,1982,21,P55-74
8. D. Deml, Microwellenrohren: Derzeitigen stand and Trend, NTZ-Fachberichte'85: Elektrinentonhren, Berlin, VDE-VERLAG GmbH, 1983,P61-67
9. H.Hashimoto,T.Ide,T.Konishi,etc.,A 30GHz 40 watt helix TWT,IEDM 83,1983,P133-136
10. A.Jacquez,44GHz helix TWTs for Satellite Communication Systems,IEDM 84,1984,P506-508
11. E.Glass,Microwllen Magazin,March,1981,P273
12. C.W.Linn,Microwave Journal,25,July,1982,P16
13. Bill G.James,Coupled cavity TWT designed for future MM-wave systems, MSN&CT, Sep, 1986,P105-116
14. 王文祥，余车芬，宫玉彬，行波管慢波系统的新进展――全金属慢波结构，真空电子技术，1995年第5期，P30-37
15. 宫玉彬，周咏东，莫元龙，孙嘉鸿，毫米波双交错梯形耦合腔链的研究，电子学报，Vol.24,No.3,1996,P19-22
16. Wenxiang Wang,Guofen Yu and Yanyu Wei, study of the Ridge-loaded Helical-Groove Slow-wave Structure,IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol.MTT-45,No.10,Oct.1997,P1689-1695
17. G.Dohler,D.Gagne,et.al.,Serpentine waveguide TWT,IEDM,1987,P485-488
18. S.Ahn,A.k.Ganguly,Analysis of helical waveguide,IEEE Trans on Electron Device, Vol.ED-33,No.9,1986,P1348-1355
19. V.Lagange,F.Payen,pi-line high power TWTs,IEDM,1985,P350-353
20. V.A.Vanke,A.V.Konnov, et.al., On sectioned traveling wave tubes with a circularly poplarized field , Radioteknika I Elektronica, No.7,1990,P1549-1551
21. C. E. Enderby, Ring-plane traveling-wave amplifier:40KW at 9mm, IEEE Trans on Electron Devices,Vol.ED-11,No.6,1964,P262-266
22. Yubin Gong,Wenxiang Wang,Yanyu Wei and Shenggang Lie,Theoritical analysis of ridge-loaded ring-plane slow-wave structure by variational methods,IEEE Proc.Microwave. Antennas Propagation, Vol.145,No.5, Oct.1998,P397-406
23. H.Takemura et.al., A novel vertical current limiter fabricated with a deep trench forming technology for highly reliable field emitter arrays,IEDM,1997,P709-712
24. A.Karp,Design for a high-impedance narrow band 42GHz power TWT using a 'fundamenta/forward' Ladder-Based Circuit,NASA report,CR165282,1980
25. 张克潜，李德杰著，微波与光电子学中的电磁理论，电子工业出版社2001
26. 刘盛纲等，微波电子学导论，国防工业出版社，1985
27. R.M.White,C.E.Enderby and C.K.Birdsall,Properties of ring-plane slow wave circuits,IEEE Trans on Electron Devices,June,1964,Vol.Ed-11,P247-261
28. H.P.Freund,M.A.Kodis,N.R.Vanderplaate,Self-consistent field theory if a helix travelling wave tube amplifier,IEEE Trans on ED,1992,Vol.20,No.5,P543-553
29. R.J.Barker and E.Schamiloglu,High-Power-Microwave Sources and Technologies,IEEE press series on RF and Microwave Technoloty,IEEE press,New York,2001.
30. M.I.Oksanen, Space-harmonic analysis of multideph corrugated waveguids, IEEE proc.,Vol.136, Pr.H,No.2,April 1989,P151-158
31. Y.Takeichi,T.Hashimoto and F.Takeda, The ring-loaded corrugated waveguide IEEE Trans,On MTT,Vol.MTT-19,1971,P947-950