植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲的控制作用研究
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摘要
本论文利用24种异源植物根、茎、叶、花或果实的乙醇提取物或经纯化的植物次生物质，通过室内试验，筛选出对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(F．)成虫有忌避、拒食作用的植物提取物；研究了烟草Nicotiana tabacum L．、假莲翘Duranta repens L．、葎草Humulus scandens(Lour．)Merr．提取物联合作用下的黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避作用；在室内筛选的基础上，将烟草、假莲翘、烟碱Nicotinamide提取物喷施于田间菜心上，通过调查统计田间黄曲条跳甲成虫忌避率，并以种群干扰作用控制指数评价植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲种群的控制作用，为植物次生物质的开发利用和菜田害虫持续控制提供科学依据。
植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的生物活性试验结果表明：一些植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有较好的忌避、拒食作用，并对其为害力有明显的影响，但毒杀作用很小。烟草、烟碱、艾蒿Artemisia argyi Level．et Vant、繁缕Stellaria media(L．) Cyr、羊蹄甲Bauhinia variegata L．提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的忌避效果最好，其忌避率为84.45—98.79％。在试验浓度范围内，24种植物提取物中仅有7种提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫有毒杀作用但其作用不明显。其中，烟碱提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀作用最好，但其死亡率最高仅达23.33％。选择性拒食作用下，花椒Zanthoxylm bungeanum Maxim、莴苣Lactuca sativa L、葎草、烟草、烟碱、胜红蓟Ageratum conyzoides L．提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的拒食效果最好，拒食率为81.28—100.00％；非选择性拒食作用下，繁缕、烟草提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的拒食效果最好，其拒食率为81.37—100.00％。黄曲条跳甲成虫对用小飞蓬Conyza canadensis(L．)Cronq．、魔芋Amorphophallus rivieri Dorieu ex Carr．、花椒乙醇提取物处理过的菜心叶累积为害量最大；而对用烟草、烟碱、假莲翘Duranta repens L．提取物处理过的菜心叶累积为害量最小。
通过正交旋转组合设计和分析方法，建立和分析黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避作用模型，揭示各种参试因子间的相互关系。忌避作用模型表明：烟草乙醇提取物与假莲翘乙醇提取物之间的混用对黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避有增效作用。葎草乙醇提取物与假莲翘乙醇提取物或烟草乙醇提取物之间对黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避有拮抗作用。
植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲种群系统的田间控制作用试验结果表明：虽然烟碱、烟草、假莲翘提取物对黄曲条跳甲的田间控制作用中其种群趋势指数仅分别降低到1.0873、2.2052、2.3219，没有都降低到1以下。但它们对黄曲条跳甲还是有明显的控制效果，其干扰作用达0.1842、0.3980、0.5387。而且从该部分试验中可以看到，烟碱提取物的控制效果较好。
The plant extracts of non-host plants on the pests of the striped flea beetle (SFB), Phyllotreta striolata (F.) were studied. The plant extracts of non-host plants play an important role on protecting the target plants, including the effects of adult deterrents and adult antifeedants. Based on these studies, the three deterrent extracts of effective bioactivitions were found out on purpose. And interactions of adult deterrents among the plant extracts were studied; And then the control effectiveness of the 3 extracts in the field were studied, based on the index of population control for the ecological control of SFB in vegetable fields.
In the adult deterrent assay, when applied with 24 kinds of non-host plant extracts, the leaf areas consumed by SFB adults were singnificantly different (a =0.01 or 0.05, Ducan's multiple range test) from that on the control. The deterrent rates also varied among different treatments. The results showed that N.tabacum, Nicotinamide, A.argyi, S.media and B.variegata had a strong deterrent effect. The rates of the deterrents were between 84.45% and 98.79%, while the others were much less within 72 hours after treatment. There were only 7 extracts with the toxicity in 24 extracts. And the rates of toxicity were very low. And they were higher than the others. The antifeedant effects of 24 plant extracts of non-host plants on the adult of SFB were tested. The results showed that under the selective antifeedant, Z.bungeanum, Lsativa, H.scandens, Nicotinamide, N.tabacum and A.conyzoides had a stronger antifeedant effect than the others within 48 hours after treatment, the rates of that were between 81.28% and 100.00%; Under the no selective antifeedant, S.media and N.tabacum had a strongest antifeedant effect. The rates of the antifeedant were between 81.37% and 100.00% within 48 hours after treatment.
Based on the orthogonal-regression-rotation design, the model was developed, which revealed the interactions among the extracts of the non-host plants with the property of deterrent of the adults. The model of adult deterrents showed that extracts of N.tabacum and D.repens had a synergistic interaction of deterring adult (P<0.2000, One-Way ANOVA) and H.scandens extracts had an antagonistic interaction of deterring adult with D.repens or N.tabacum.
Based on the index of population control, an index system was suggested to evaluate the effects of plant extracts of non-host plants on population control of SFB. The control effectiveness of the 3 extracts on SFB was investigated. The results showed the control mechanism of the ones on SFB population was a little effective deterrent effect in the fields.
植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的生物活性试验结果表明：一些植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有较好的忌避、拒食作用，并对其为害力有明显的影响，但毒杀作用很小。烟草、烟碱、艾蒿Artemisia argyi Level．et Vant、繁缕Stellaria media(L．) Cyr、羊蹄甲Bauhinia variegata L．提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的忌避效果最好，其忌避率为84.45—98.79％。在试验浓度范围内，24种植物提取物中仅有7种提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫有毒杀作用但其作用不明显。其中，烟碱提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀作用最好，但其死亡率最高仅达23.33％。选择性拒食作用下，花椒Zanthoxylm bungeanum Maxim、莴苣Lactuca sativa L、葎草、烟草、烟碱、胜红蓟Ageratum conyzoides L．提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的拒食效果最好，拒食率为81.28—100.00％；非选择性拒食作用下，繁缕、烟草提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的拒食效果最好，其拒食率为81.37—100.00％。黄曲条跳甲成虫对用小飞蓬Conyza canadensis(L．)Cronq．、魔芋Amorphophallus rivieri Dorieu ex Carr．、花椒乙醇提取物处理过的菜心叶累积为害量最大；而对用烟草、烟碱、假莲翘Duranta repens L．提取物处理过的菜心叶累积为害量最小。
通过正交旋转组合设计和分析方法，建立和分析黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避作用模型，揭示各种参试因子间的相互关系。忌避作用模型表明：烟草乙醇提取物与假莲翘乙醇提取物之间的混用对黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避有增效作用。葎草乙醇提取物与假莲翘乙醇提取物或烟草乙醇提取物之间对黄曲条跳甲成虫取食忌避有拮抗作用。
植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲种群系统的田间控制作用试验结果表明：虽然烟碱、烟草、假莲翘提取物对黄曲条跳甲的田间控制作用中其种群趋势指数仅分别降低到1.0873、2.2052、2.3219，没有都降低到1以下。但它们对黄曲条跳甲还是有明显的控制效果，其干扰作用达0.1842、0.3980、0.5387。而且从该部分试验中可以看到，烟碱提取物的控制效果较好。
The plant extracts of non-host plants on the pests of the striped flea beetle (SFB), Phyllotreta striolata (F.) were studied. The plant extracts of non-host plants play an important role on protecting the target plants, including the effects of adult deterrents and adult antifeedants. Based on these studies, the three deterrent extracts of effective bioactivitions were found out on purpose. And interactions of adult deterrents among the plant extracts were studied; And then the control effectiveness of the 3 extracts in the field were studied, based on the index of population control for the ecological control of SFB in vegetable fields.
In the adult deterrent assay, when applied with 24 kinds of non-host plant extracts, the leaf areas consumed by SFB adults were singnificantly different (a =0.01 or 0.05, Ducan's multiple range test) from that on the control. The deterrent rates also varied among different treatments. The results showed that N.tabacum, Nicotinamide, A.argyi, S.media and B.variegata had a strong deterrent effect. The rates of the deterrents were between 84.45% and 98.79%, while the others were much less within 72 hours after treatment. There were only 7 extracts with the toxicity in 24 extracts. And the rates of toxicity were very low. And they were higher than the others. The antifeedant effects of 24 plant extracts of non-host plants on the adult of SFB were tested. The results showed that under the selective antifeedant, Z.bungeanum, Lsativa, H.scandens, Nicotinamide, N.tabacum and A.conyzoides had a stronger antifeedant effect than the others within 48 hours after treatment, the rates of that were between 81.28% and 100.00%; Under the no selective antifeedant, S.media and N.tabacum had a strongest antifeedant effect. The rates of the antifeedant were between 81.37% and 100.00% within 48 hours after treatment.
Based on the orthogonal-regression-rotation design, the model was developed, which revealed the interactions among the extracts of the non-host plants with the property of deterrent of the adults. The model of adult deterrents showed that extracts of N.tabacum and D.repens had a synergistic interaction of deterring adult (P<0.2000, One-Way ANOVA) and H.scandens extracts had an antagonistic interaction of deterring adult with D.repens or N.tabacum.
Based on the index of population control, an index system was suggested to evaluate the effects of plant extracts of non-host plants on population control of SFB. The control effectiveness of the 3 extracts on SFB was investigated. The results showed the control mechanism of the ones on SFB population was a little effective deterrent effect in the fields.
引文
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Bodnayark R.P. 1992.Leaf epicuticular wax, an anticuticular factor in Brassicaceae that affects the rate and pattern f feeding of flea beetles, Phyllotreta crucifefae (Goeze). Canadian Journal of Plant Science.72:125-1303
Bonfils A C, Foeddie S, Webb J. 1991.Capsell bursa pastoris cell supension and protoplast cultures. Phylilologia Plantarum. The Canadian Entomologist.82:1-10
Brett C H,Sulivan M H.1974.The use of resistant varieties and cultural practices for control of insects on crucifers in North Carolina. North Caroliuna State University, Bulletin of Agricultural Experiment Station. 449
Bucdingham ,J. 1993. Dictionary of natural products, Chapman & Hall, London
Choi Jaeseong. 1996. Insect past fauna and their spatial clistribution pattern of kale. Journal of Agricultural Science Crop Protection .38 (1):489-494
David,J.H. 1988.Ecological approach to pest management. The Guildord Press, p 1-2
Dethier, V. G. 1982. Mechanisms of host plant recognition. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 31:49-56
Gaugler R. 1981 .The biological control potintial of Neoapletanid nematodes. J Nematol. 13:241-247
Gritsay O B. 1991.Formation of a behavioral reaction in insects during repellents test (in example of the feeding behavior of bloodsucking mospuitoes)Aedes agypti and Aedes togoi. Entomol-Rev.70:78-86
Loon, J.J.A. van. 1996. Chemosensory basis of feding and oviposition behaviour in herbivorous insects: a glance at the periphery. Entomoiogia Experimentalis et Applicata, 80:7-13
Luik,A,A. Kuusik,L.Metspalu, et al. 1999.Effects of the estonian local plants on some pests vehavior. Ⅹ Ⅳ International Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium -Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p29
Meisner J, Mitchell B K. 1983． Phagodeterrency induced by two cruciferous plants in adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Col.Chrysomelidae) .Can Ent.115:1209-1214
Meisner J, Mitchell B K. 1984． Phagodeterrency induced by some secondary plant substances in adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata.Zeitschtrify Fur Pflanzenkrankheiten and Pflanzenschutz.91:301-304
Obeng-Ofori D.R.K. Akuamoah, I E Aidoo, et al.1999． Toxicity and protectant potential of leaf extracts of the siam weed, Chromolaena odorata and mahogany tree,Kyaya senegalensis against the maiz weevil, stilophilus zeamais and the cowpea bettle, Callosobruchus maculatus in stored grains. X IVInternational Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p30
Peterson J K.Horvat R J,Elsey K D. 1994． Squash liaf glandular trichome volatile:indentification and influence on behavior of fimale pickleworm moth Diaphania nitidalis J.chem Ecology.20:2099-2109
Renwick J A A,Huang X.1995． Rejection of host plant by larvae of cabbage butterfly: diet-dependent sensitiity to an antifeedant. J.Chem Ecolo.21:465-475
Schmutterer,H. 1990． Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree. Ann.Rev.Entomol. 36:271-297
Schoonhoven L M. 1982． Biological aspects of antifeedants. Entomol Exp, Appl. 31:57-69
Schoonhoven , L. M. , T. Jermy, J. A. van Loon. 1998． Insect-plant biology-from physiology to evolution. Chapman&Hall. London
Schoonhoven, L .M.&L. E. Luo. 1994． Multiple mode of action of the feeding deterrent, toosendanin, on the sense of taste in Pieris Brassicae larvae. Journal of Comparative Physiology A . 17:519-524
Stepanycheva,E.A., T.D.Chermenskaya,V N Burov.l999． Action of extracts of Picea excelsa L. On whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. X IV International Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p32
Vasquez,E.A.,B.Morallo-Rejesus,E.G.Punzalan, et al. 1999． Biological studies on the essential oil of Coleus amboinicus. X IVlnternational Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p29
Watson E, Baron G.1995． A laboratory assassement of behavioral responses of three strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis to three insectcides and the insecticides and the insect repellent N,N-diethl-m-toluamide.J.Stored Prop,Res.32:58-67
Wylie H.G.,C.Loan. 1984． Five nearctic and one introduced euphorine species (Hymenoptera: braconidae) that parasitize adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae ). The Canadian tomologist. 116: 235-246
Wylie H.G.1980． Factors affecting facultative diapause of Microctonus vittatae (Hymenoptera:braconidae).The Canadian Entomologist. 112:747-749
Wylie H.G.1982． An effect of parasitism by Microctonus vittatae (Hymenoptera: braconidae) on emergence of Phyllotreta cruciferae and phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from overwintering sites. The Canadian Entomologist. 114:727-732
Wylie H.G.1984． Oviposition and survival of three niarctic euphorine braconids in crucifer-infesting flea beetles (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 116(1) :1-4
Wylie H.G.1985． Postior dispersal of eggs and larvae of Microctonus vittatae (Hymenoptera: braconidae) in crucifer-infesting flea beerles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist.117: 541-545
Wylie H.G.1988． Release Manioba Canada of Townesilitus bicolor (Hymenoptera: braconidae), an European parasite of phyllostreta spp. [Col: Chrysomelidae].Entomophaga.33(1) :25-32
Zabel,A.M.,B. Kostic.D. Manojlovic, et al.1999． Neem efficacy in Colorado potato beetle control. X IV International Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p31
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周尧．1980．中国昆虫学史．昆虫分类学报，76—83
Bodnayark R.P. 1992.Leaf epicuticular wax, an anticuticular factor in Brassicaceae that affects the rate and pattern f feeding of flea beetles, Phyllotreta crucifefae (Goeze). Canadian Journal of Plant Science.72:125-1303
Bonfils A C, Foeddie S, Webb J. 1991.Capsell bursa pastoris cell supension and protoplast cultures. Phylilologia Plantarum. The Canadian Entomologist.82:1-10
Brett C H,Sulivan M H.1974.The use of resistant varieties and cultural practices for control of insects on crucifers in North Carolina. North Caroliuna State University, Bulletin of Agricultural Experiment Station. 449
Bucdingham ,J. 1993. Dictionary of natural products, Chapman & Hall, London
Choi Jaeseong. 1996. Insect past fauna and their spatial clistribution pattern of kale. Journal of Agricultural Science Crop Protection .38 (1):489-494
David,J.H. 1988.Ecological approach to pest management. The Guildord Press, p 1-2
Dethier, V. G. 1982. Mechanisms of host plant recognition. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 31:49-56
Gaugler R. 1981 .The biological control potintial of Neoapletanid nematodes. J Nematol. 13:241-247
Gritsay O B. 1991.Formation of a behavioral reaction in insects during repellents test (in example of the feeding behavior of bloodsucking mospuitoes)Aedes agypti and Aedes togoi. Entomol-Rev.70:78-86
Loon, J.J.A. van. 1996. Chemosensory basis of feding and oviposition behaviour in herbivorous insects: a glance at the periphery. Entomoiogia Experimentalis et Applicata, 80:7-13
Luik,A,A. Kuusik,L.Metspalu, et al. 1999.Effects of the estonian local plants on some pests vehavior. Ⅹ Ⅳ International Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium -Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p29
Meisner J, Mitchell B K. 1983． Phagodeterrency induced by two cruciferous plants in adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Col.Chrysomelidae) .Can Ent.115:1209-1214
Meisner J, Mitchell B K. 1984． Phagodeterrency induced by some secondary plant substances in adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata.Zeitschtrify Fur Pflanzenkrankheiten and Pflanzenschutz.91:301-304
Obeng-Ofori D.R.K. Akuamoah, I E Aidoo, et al.1999． Toxicity and protectant potential of leaf extracts of the siam weed, Chromolaena odorata and mahogany tree,Kyaya senegalensis against the maiz weevil, stilophilus zeamais and the cowpea bettle, Callosobruchus maculatus in stored grains. X IVInternational Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p30
Peterson J K.Horvat R J,Elsey K D. 1994． Squash liaf glandular trichome volatile:indentification and influence on behavior of fimale pickleworm moth Diaphania nitidalis J.chem Ecology.20:2099-2109
Renwick J A A,Huang X.1995． Rejection of host plant by larvae of cabbage butterfly: diet-dependent sensitiity to an antifeedant. J.Chem Ecolo.21:465-475
Schmutterer,H. 1990． Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree. Ann.Rev.Entomol. 36:271-297
Schoonhoven L M. 1982． Biological aspects of antifeedants. Entomol Exp, Appl. 31:57-69
Schoonhoven , L. M. , T. Jermy, J. A. van Loon. 1998． Insect-plant biology-from physiology to evolution. Chapman&Hall. London
Schoonhoven, L .M.&L. E. Luo. 1994． Multiple mode of action of the feeding deterrent, toosendanin, on the sense of taste in Pieris Brassicae larvae. Journal of Comparative Physiology A . 17:519-524
Stepanycheva,E.A., T.D.Chermenskaya,V N Burov.l999． Action of extracts of Picea excelsa L. On whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. X IV International Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p32
Vasquez,E.A.,B.Morallo-Rejesus,E.G.Punzalan, et al. 1999． Biological studies on the essential oil of Coleus amboinicus. X IVlnternational Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p29
Watson E, Baron G.1995． A laboratory assassement of behavioral responses of three strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis to three insectcides and the insecticides and the insect repellent N,N-diethl-m-toluamide.J.Stored Prop,Res.32:58-67
Wylie H.G.,C.Loan. 1984． Five nearctic and one introduced euphorine species (Hymenoptera: braconidae) that parasitize adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae ). The Canadian tomologist. 116: 235-246
Wylie H.G.1980． Factors affecting facultative diapause of Microctonus vittatae (Hymenoptera:braconidae).The Canadian Entomologist. 112:747-749
Wylie H.G.1982． An effect of parasitism by Microctonus vittatae (Hymenoptera: braconidae) on emergence of Phyllotreta cruciferae and phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from overwintering sites. The Canadian Entomologist. 114:727-732
Wylie H.G.1984． Oviposition and survival of three niarctic euphorine braconids in crucifer-infesting flea beetles (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 116(1) :1-4
Wylie H.G.1985． Postior dispersal of eggs and larvae of Microctonus vittatae (Hymenoptera: braconidae) in crucifer-infesting flea beerles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist.117: 541-545
Wylie H.G.1988． Release Manioba Canada of Townesilitus bicolor (Hymenoptera: braconidae), an European parasite of phyllostreta spp. [Col: Chrysomelidae].Entomophaga.33(1) :25-32
Zabel,A.M.,B. Kostic.D. Manojlovic, et al.1999． Neem efficacy in Colorado potato beetle control. X IV International Plant Protection Congress, Plant Protection Towards the Third Millenium-Where Chemistry Meets Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel, July 25-30,p31