企业员工工作压力评估量表编制及其EAP应对
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摘要
随着社会的快速发展,工作压力已经成为一个全世界关注并迫切需要解决的社会问题。为解决此问题,就需要从评估和应对两方面着手以大量定性、定量的研究来作依据和支撑,这暴露了我国学术界对于员工工作压力的评估和应对研究不足。因此本研究从企业员工的工作压力着手,一方面编制企业员工工作压力评估量表并修订上海地区常模,为今后的工作压力研究和应用领域提供有效的工具;另一方面,运用访谈法及案例分析法归纳总结国内针对工作压力的员工援助计划(EAP)实施及评估情况,为组织和员工提供一种新的缓解工作压力的可能。
研究一结果如下:(1)编制了企业员工工作压力量表,量表包括压力反应、工作压力来源和压力应对三个部分,共44个项目。(2)对量表进行质量分析,各项指标均显示量表具有良好的信效度。(3)初步修订了上海地区的常模。(4)发现影响工作压力的重要个体特征。
研究二结果如下:(1)国内企业采用EAP服务很大程度上出于缓解工作压力的考虑。(2)工作压力过大是采用EAP服务的国内企业员工普遍存在的问题。(3)国内的EAP供应商并不特别强调提供针对工作压力的短期密集型服务。(4)EAP项目的效果评估主要存在评估不够科学、客观、系统和缺乏有效工具的问题。
本研究编制的企业员工工作压力评估量表及上海地区常模,除了作为一个企业员工工作压力的有效评估工具将得到广泛应用外,还为工作压力评估量表的本土化研究做出了贡献,从而促进了国内的工作压力研究。而针对EAP的定性研究弥补了国内EAP研究的极度匮乏,为EAP今后的实证研究抛砖引玉。
With the rapid development in today’s society, people pay more attention to the issue of work-related stress of the world. To resolve this problem, there should have many qualitative and quantitative researches of occupational stress evaluation and coping. However, there’s still a little bit of these researches in China today. So this paper tries to two ways to study occupational stress. On one hand, one study will construct an occupational stress inventory of enterprise employee and establish the norm of it, which will supply a useful evaluation instrument to the study and application of work-related stress. On the other hand, the other study will summarize the actualization and the evaluation of Employee Assistant Programs (EAP) as a stress intervention by the interview and the case study methodology in China, which could be a new probability to reduce the occupational stress for enterprise and their employee.
The results of study one are as follows: (1) It constructed an occupational stress inventory of enterprise staff and the whole inventory has 44 items, which was make up of 3 subtests: stress symptoms, occupational stressors and coping strategy. (2) It analyzed the quality of the inventory and all indicators prove its good reliability and validity. (3) It established the norm of the inventory, as well as gender normative sample in Shanghai China. (4) It found that the relationship between the individual characteristics and the occupational stress.
The results of study two are as follows: (1) Enterprises which use EAP are most partly because of the work-related stress in China. (2) work-related stress is the popular problem in the enterprises which use EAP in China. (3) The EAP suppliers in China don’t always supply the short-time stress management intervention. (4) The most important problems of EAP evaluation are the evaluation is not scientific, objective and systematic and it’s lack of useful instruments.
The occupational stress inventory of enterprise staff and its norm will contribute to the localization of occupational stress evaluation scale and the work-related stress research in China. The quantitative study of EAP compensates for lack of researches in China and to‘throw out a minnow to catch a whale’for the future EAP researches.
研究一结果如下:(1)编制了企业员工工作压力量表,量表包括压力反应、工作压力来源和压力应对三个部分,共44个项目。(2)对量表进行质量分析,各项指标均显示量表具有良好的信效度。(3)初步修订了上海地区的常模。(4)发现影响工作压力的重要个体特征。
研究二结果如下:(1)国内企业采用EAP服务很大程度上出于缓解工作压力的考虑。(2)工作压力过大是采用EAP服务的国内企业员工普遍存在的问题。(3)国内的EAP供应商并不特别强调提供针对工作压力的短期密集型服务。(4)EAP项目的效果评估主要存在评估不够科学、客观、系统和缺乏有效工具的问题。
本研究编制的企业员工工作压力评估量表及上海地区常模,除了作为一个企业员工工作压力的有效评估工具将得到广泛应用外,还为工作压力评估量表的本土化研究做出了贡献,从而促进了国内的工作压力研究。而针对EAP的定性研究弥补了国内EAP研究的极度匮乏,为EAP今后的实证研究抛砖引玉。
With the rapid development in today’s society, people pay more attention to the issue of work-related stress of the world. To resolve this problem, there should have many qualitative and quantitative researches of occupational stress evaluation and coping. However, there’s still a little bit of these researches in China today. So this paper tries to two ways to study occupational stress. On one hand, one study will construct an occupational stress inventory of enterprise employee and establish the norm of it, which will supply a useful evaluation instrument to the study and application of work-related stress. On the other hand, the other study will summarize the actualization and the evaluation of Employee Assistant Programs (EAP) as a stress intervention by the interview and the case study methodology in China, which could be a new probability to reduce the occupational stress for enterprise and their employee.
The results of study one are as follows: (1) It constructed an occupational stress inventory of enterprise staff and the whole inventory has 44 items, which was make up of 3 subtests: stress symptoms, occupational stressors and coping strategy. (2) It analyzed the quality of the inventory and all indicators prove its good reliability and validity. (3) It established the norm of the inventory, as well as gender normative sample in Shanghai China. (4) It found that the relationship between the individual characteristics and the occupational stress.
The results of study two are as follows: (1) Enterprises which use EAP are most partly because of the work-related stress in China. (2) work-related stress is the popular problem in the enterprises which use EAP in China. (3) The EAP suppliers in China don’t always supply the short-time stress management intervention. (4) The most important problems of EAP evaluation are the evaluation is not scientific, objective and systematic and it’s lack of useful instruments.
The occupational stress inventory of enterprise staff and its norm will contribute to the localization of occupational stress evaluation scale and the work-related stress research in China. The quantitative study of EAP compensates for lack of researches in China and to‘throw out a minnow to catch a whale’for the future EAP researches.
引文
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[3] 温英超. 美国上班族高挂白旗[J/OL]. www.ieatpe.org.tw/magazine/97h.htm. 20040 401.
[4] 新 华 网 . 日 本 人 工 作 压 力 大 心 理 疾 病 患 者 逐 年 增 加 [DB/OL]. http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-09/15/content_6724362.htm. 20070915.
[5] 星 岛 日 报 . 九 成 中 国 白 领 处 于 亚 健 康 抱 怨 工 作 压 力 大 [DB/OL]. http://www.ccun.com.cn/swhl/2007-06-14/content.1181783319000d10947.html. 20070614.
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[7] Suisky, L., Smith, C. 工作压力[M]. 马剑虹等译校. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2007.
[8] 于文宏, 李焰. 工作压力研究综述[J]. 沈阳教育学院学报, 2006, 8(1): 67-70.
[9] 马颜. 工作压力应对研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院心理研究所, 2004.
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