城市社区鼠害现状与防制对策研究
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摘要
目的
鼠类不仅对人类健康造成威胁,而且危害农业、商业、水电等行业,严重影响经济发展和人类生活质量。近年来,城市不断扩大,大片的土地不断被征用,导致鼠种的分布和鼠类数量发生改变,城市社区鼠类危害控制已成为政府和专业人员关注的重点。本研究通过问卷调查、实验室研究、现场研究等方法,了解某城市社区鼠种及数量、鼠类主要危害及其成因,为制定综合灭鼠措施提供依据;掌握目前城市社区常见灭鼠药物的灭效、适口性、再遇适口性等情况,为现场灭鼠药物选择提供依据;了解城市社区综合灭鼠措施效果,以提出切实有效的城市社区综合灭鼠的具体方法。
方法
选择某城市两个社区的灭鼠专业人员、管理人员和600户居民,通过对专业人员与管理人员访谈、居民问卷调查、鼠种分布及鼠密度现况调查,了解城市社区鼠害现状及其影响因素;
选择大白鼠和小白鼠各36只,雌雄各半,分为3组,分别为对照组、0.005%溴敌隆组和0.0375%杀鼠迷组,进行实验室集体群养有选择试验,通过毒杀率、摄食系数和再遇摄食系数来比较两种常用灭鼠药物的灭效、适口性和再遇适口性;
根据鼠害现况、灭鼠药物实验室研究和国内外研究资料,制定和实施以0.005%溴敌隆三合粉毒饵标准投放、室内室外灭鼠相结合、居民告知、环境治理和完善防鼠设施等现场综合灭鼠措施,并比较其与常规灭鼠方法(在春秋季采用单一灭鼠药物0.005%溴敌隆三合粉进行一次性灭鼠)的灭鼠效果。
结果
1.被调查社区主要鼠种有褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠三种,通过鼠夹法测得社区鼠密度为3.09%,通过粉迹法测得社区鼠密度为10.57%。居民问卷调查结果表明有50%左右的居民家庭经常发现老鼠痕迹,近40%的家庭曾有物品被老鼠咬伤,近30%的居民居室里经常见老鼠跑动;社区经常见到老鼠跑动的居民占总调查人数的85.79%;住户周边经常可见废弃食品的人数占总调查居民的90.11%。访谈结果表明家庭和社区灭鼠主要采用药物灭鼠;社区防鼠设施不齐全;灭鼠专业人员均为初中及以下文化程度的临时工,且变动频繁,灭鼠程序不规范。
2. 0.005%溴敌隆三合粉对大、小白鼠的毒杀率均为100%,致死天数分别为5-11天和4-10天,0.0375%杀鼠迷三合粉对大、小白鼠的毒杀率分别为100%和91.67%,致死天数分别为6-13天和4-7天,两种药物对大、小白鼠的毒杀率和致死天数比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);大、小白鼠对溴敌隆的摄食系数分别为1.14和2.79,大、小白鼠的对杀鼠迷摄食系数分别为0.85和0.47,大、小白鼠对两种灭鼠药物的适口性比较,差异均有显著
Objective
The rodent not only presents a threat to people health, but also is harmful to the agriculture, the trade business, water and electricity department. The rodent species are changing since the rising population has outstretched the city and new buildings are rising in the city. More and more people pay attention to rodent control at present. We find out some influential factors about rodent damage and control in the urban community through questionnaire, research at the lab and field study. Collecting some information about the species and the densities of rodent, the killed effect, palatability and the feed-again palatability of the rodenticides. Offering the valid method to control rodent density in the field.
Methods
Choose professionals, managers, 600 residents in two urban communities and carry out the questionnaire, then collecting the information about the condition of rodent control and rodent damage, environment, knowledge about rodent damage; Investigating the rodent density and species through powder tracking and rodent cassettes.
Choose 36 mice and rats respectively, half of male and half of female. Divided them into 3 groups include the control, the 0.005% bromadiolone and the 0.0375% coumateralyl respectively, observe the killed effect, the palatability and the feed-again palatability on the basis of the mortality, the feed coefficient and the feed-again coefficient;
Choose two urban communities as the control and the experiment group. Given the control and the experiment group 0.005% bromadilone and integrated control respectively, Investigating and comparing the rodent density before and after giving the control though powder tracking.
Results
1. The predominant species include Rattus andersoni, Mus musculus and Rattus flavipectus. The rodent density exceeds1 % ( rodent cassettes ) and 3%( powder tracking ) in the urban community. There were more than half of the respondent saw mice in their houses; the rodent destroyed even their clothes. There were 85.79% of the respondent saw mice in their communities. There were 90.11% of the respondent saw litters around their houses. The questionnaire reveals that only one control method is used in community, the equipments that prevent rodent damage are destroyed.
2. The percentage of the killed effect of mice and rats are 100% in the group of 0.005% bromadiolone, while are 100% and 91.67% in the group of 0.0375% coumatetralyl; both the killed effect and the crest-time of death are no significant differences between them(P>0.05).
鼠类不仅对人类健康造成威胁,而且危害农业、商业、水电等行业,严重影响经济发展和人类生活质量。近年来,城市不断扩大,大片的土地不断被征用,导致鼠种的分布和鼠类数量发生改变,城市社区鼠类危害控制已成为政府和专业人员关注的重点。本研究通过问卷调查、实验室研究、现场研究等方法,了解某城市社区鼠种及数量、鼠类主要危害及其成因,为制定综合灭鼠措施提供依据;掌握目前城市社区常见灭鼠药物的灭效、适口性、再遇适口性等情况,为现场灭鼠药物选择提供依据;了解城市社区综合灭鼠措施效果,以提出切实有效的城市社区综合灭鼠的具体方法。
方法
选择某城市两个社区的灭鼠专业人员、管理人员和600户居民,通过对专业人员与管理人员访谈、居民问卷调查、鼠种分布及鼠密度现况调查,了解城市社区鼠害现状及其影响因素;
选择大白鼠和小白鼠各36只,雌雄各半,分为3组,分别为对照组、0.005%溴敌隆组和0.0375%杀鼠迷组,进行实验室集体群养有选择试验,通过毒杀率、摄食系数和再遇摄食系数来比较两种常用灭鼠药物的灭效、适口性和再遇适口性;
根据鼠害现况、灭鼠药物实验室研究和国内外研究资料,制定和实施以0.005%溴敌隆三合粉毒饵标准投放、室内室外灭鼠相结合、居民告知、环境治理和完善防鼠设施等现场综合灭鼠措施,并比较其与常规灭鼠方法(在春秋季采用单一灭鼠药物0.005%溴敌隆三合粉进行一次性灭鼠)的灭鼠效果。
结果
1.被调查社区主要鼠种有褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠三种,通过鼠夹法测得社区鼠密度为3.09%,通过粉迹法测得社区鼠密度为10.57%。居民问卷调查结果表明有50%左右的居民家庭经常发现老鼠痕迹,近40%的家庭曾有物品被老鼠咬伤,近30%的居民居室里经常见老鼠跑动;社区经常见到老鼠跑动的居民占总调查人数的85.79%;住户周边经常可见废弃食品的人数占总调查居民的90.11%。访谈结果表明家庭和社区灭鼠主要采用药物灭鼠;社区防鼠设施不齐全;灭鼠专业人员均为初中及以下文化程度的临时工,且变动频繁,灭鼠程序不规范。
2. 0.005%溴敌隆三合粉对大、小白鼠的毒杀率均为100%,致死天数分别为5-11天和4-10天,0.0375%杀鼠迷三合粉对大、小白鼠的毒杀率分别为100%和91.67%,致死天数分别为6-13天和4-7天,两种药物对大、小白鼠的毒杀率和致死天数比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);大、小白鼠对溴敌隆的摄食系数分别为1.14和2.79,大、小白鼠的对杀鼠迷摄食系数分别为0.85和0.47,大、小白鼠对两种灭鼠药物的适口性比较,差异均有显著
Objective
The rodent not only presents a threat to people health, but also is harmful to the agriculture, the trade business, water and electricity department. The rodent species are changing since the rising population has outstretched the city and new buildings are rising in the city. More and more people pay attention to rodent control at present. We find out some influential factors about rodent damage and control in the urban community through questionnaire, research at the lab and field study. Collecting some information about the species and the densities of rodent, the killed effect, palatability and the feed-again palatability of the rodenticides. Offering the valid method to control rodent density in the field.
Methods
Choose professionals, managers, 600 residents in two urban communities and carry out the questionnaire, then collecting the information about the condition of rodent control and rodent damage, environment, knowledge about rodent damage; Investigating the rodent density and species through powder tracking and rodent cassettes.
Choose 36 mice and rats respectively, half of male and half of female. Divided them into 3 groups include the control, the 0.005% bromadiolone and the 0.0375% coumateralyl respectively, observe the killed effect, the palatability and the feed-again palatability on the basis of the mortality, the feed coefficient and the feed-again coefficient;
Choose two urban communities as the control and the experiment group. Given the control and the experiment group 0.005% bromadilone and integrated control respectively, Investigating and comparing the rodent density before and after giving the control though powder tracking.
Results
1. The predominant species include Rattus andersoni, Mus musculus and Rattus flavipectus. The rodent density exceeds1 % ( rodent cassettes ) and 3%( powder tracking ) in the urban community. There were more than half of the respondent saw mice in their houses; the rodent destroyed even their clothes. There were 85.79% of the respondent saw mice in their communities. There were 90.11% of the respondent saw litters around their houses. The questionnaire reveals that only one control method is used in community, the equipments that prevent rodent damage are destroyed.
2. The percentage of the killed effect of mice and rats are 100% in the group of 0.005% bromadiolone, while are 100% and 91.67% in the group of 0.0375% coumatetralyl; both the killed effect and the crest-time of death are no significant differences between them(P>0.05).
引文
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