超声在线检测系统中去噪技术研究
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摘要
噪声是影响超声在线检测系统性能的一个重要因素,对超声采集信号信噪比的高低有直接影响。本文对药柱超声在线检测系统的噪声问题从理论分析和工程实践两个方面进行了研究,旨在解决超声在线检测系统中的噪声干扰问题,从而提高系统性能和采集信号的信噪比。
超声在线自动检测系统包括PLC控制系统、超声换能器、发射接收电路、数据采集卡和工控机。影响超声在线检测系统的噪声与其系统组成是密不可分的。在超声在线检测系统中影响最大的噪声来源于PLC控制系统的伺服电机和变频电机,也就是电磁兼容噪声。超声在线检测系统的噪声还包括换能器与换能器屏蔽电缆线的阻抗匹配噪声以及超声探伤仪本身所产生的噪声。
本文在研究电磁兼容噪声和系统固有噪声来源的基础上,针对各自特点分别采用不同的处理方法进行去噪处理。首先,对电磁兼容噪声,在理论分析和工程实践的基础上,提出了电源隔离、超声探头架和检测水槽采用胶木或尼龙等绝缘材料制作,取得了较好的降噪效果;其次,从信号处理的角度出发,分别采用传统的滤波方法和小波变换方式对所采集的信号进行了进一步的降噪处理,为后续的超声信号缺陷识别算法的实现奠定了基础,为固体火箭发动机药柱实现线性定量超声检测提供了条件。对提高固体火箭发动机药柱超声在线系统的可靠性和稳定性具有较大的实际参考价值。
Noise, an important factor which impact on the performance of ultrasonic online testing system, has a direct influence on the signal-to-noise ratio's level of ultrasonic signal acquisition. Noise problem of grain ultrasonic online testing system has been studied in this paper from two aspects, theoretical analysis and engineering practices. In this case, we can solve the noise interference problem in ultrasonic online testing system, and improve the performance of system and signal-to-noise ratio of signal acquisition.
Ultrasonic online automatic testing system includes PLC control system, ultrasonic transducer, transceiver circuits, data acquisition card and industrial computer. The noise which influences the ultrasonic online testing system is inseparable with its system composition. In ultrasonic online testing system, the noise which has great effect on the system, also named as electromagnetic compatibility noise is derived from servo motor and variable-frequency motor of the PLC control system. The noise in the ultrasonic online testing system includes the impedance matching noise of transducer and its screened cable, as well as the one produced by ultrasonic defect detector itself.
In this paper, the research has been based on the sources of electromagnetic compatibility noise and inherent system noise. The author uses different treatment approaches on denoising separately in view of the respective characteristic. First of all, based on the theoretical analysis and the engineering practices, the author puts forward several ideas on electromagnetic compatibility noise, such as the isolation of power supply, the set of ultrasonic probes, and detecting-sink which is made of insulation material, e.g. bakelite or nylon, and achieves good results in noise reduction. Next, in the view of signal processing, the acquisitied signals have been processed by the traditional filtering method and the wavelet transform respectively for further noise reduction processing. All the studies above lay the foundation for the realization of follow-up ultrasonic signal defect recognition algorithm, and provide conditions for the realization of linear quantitative ultrasonic testing of solid-propellant rocket engine grain. It shows a greater value in the improvement of ultrasonic online system's reliability and stability of solid-propellant rocket engine grain
超声在线自动检测系统包括PLC控制系统、超声换能器、发射接收电路、数据采集卡和工控机。影响超声在线检测系统的噪声与其系统组成是密不可分的。在超声在线检测系统中影响最大的噪声来源于PLC控制系统的伺服电机和变频电机,也就是电磁兼容噪声。超声在线检测系统的噪声还包括换能器与换能器屏蔽电缆线的阻抗匹配噪声以及超声探伤仪本身所产生的噪声。
本文在研究电磁兼容噪声和系统固有噪声来源的基础上,针对各自特点分别采用不同的处理方法进行去噪处理。首先,对电磁兼容噪声,在理论分析和工程实践的基础上,提出了电源隔离、超声探头架和检测水槽采用胶木或尼龙等绝缘材料制作,取得了较好的降噪效果;其次,从信号处理的角度出发,分别采用传统的滤波方法和小波变换方式对所采集的信号进行了进一步的降噪处理,为后续的超声信号缺陷识别算法的实现奠定了基础,为固体火箭发动机药柱实现线性定量超声检测提供了条件。对提高固体火箭发动机药柱超声在线系统的可靠性和稳定性具有较大的实际参考价值。
Noise, an important factor which impact on the performance of ultrasonic online testing system, has a direct influence on the signal-to-noise ratio's level of ultrasonic signal acquisition. Noise problem of grain ultrasonic online testing system has been studied in this paper from two aspects, theoretical analysis and engineering practices. In this case, we can solve the noise interference problem in ultrasonic online testing system, and improve the performance of system and signal-to-noise ratio of signal acquisition.
Ultrasonic online automatic testing system includes PLC control system, ultrasonic transducer, transceiver circuits, data acquisition card and industrial computer. The noise which influences the ultrasonic online testing system is inseparable with its system composition. In ultrasonic online testing system, the noise which has great effect on the system, also named as electromagnetic compatibility noise is derived from servo motor and variable-frequency motor of the PLC control system. The noise in the ultrasonic online testing system includes the impedance matching noise of transducer and its screened cable, as well as the one produced by ultrasonic defect detector itself.
In this paper, the research has been based on the sources of electromagnetic compatibility noise and inherent system noise. The author uses different treatment approaches on denoising separately in view of the respective characteristic. First of all, based on the theoretical analysis and the engineering practices, the author puts forward several ideas on electromagnetic compatibility noise, such as the isolation of power supply, the set of ultrasonic probes, and detecting-sink which is made of insulation material, e.g. bakelite or nylon, and achieves good results in noise reduction. Next, in the view of signal processing, the acquisitied signals have been processed by the traditional filtering method and the wavelet transform respectively for further noise reduction processing. All the studies above lay the foundation for the realization of follow-up ultrasonic signal defect recognition algorithm, and provide conditions for the realization of linear quantitative ultrasonic testing of solid-propellant rocket engine grain. It shows a greater value in the improvement of ultrasonic online system's reliability and stability of solid-propellant rocket engine grain
引文
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[2]耿荣生.新千年的无损检测技术—从罗马会议看无损检测技术的发展方向[J],无损检测,2001,23(1):11-14.
[3]C Rajagopadan,Baldey Raj,P Kalyanasundaram.The role of artificial intelligence in non-destructive testing and evaluation[J],Insight,1996,38(3):13-15.
[4]张旭辉等.超声无损检测技术的现状和发展趋势[J],机械制造,2002,24(7):24-26.
[5]施文康.检测技术[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2000,3-8.
[6]《超声波探伤技术及探伤仪》编写组.超声波探伤技术及探伤仪[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1977,45-54.
[7]中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编.超声波检测[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2000,51-53.
[8]Y.Wei.A fast finding and fitting algorithm to detect circles[J],Internationl Geo-science and Remote Sensing Symposium(IDGHT),1998,2:1187-1189.
[9]张小飞,王茁等.超声检测中的噪声处理[J],无损检测,2002,24(5):34-36.
[10]杨平.基于PC的超声检测系统研究[D],西安:西安交通大学,2001.
[11]和军平,姜建国.离线式PWM开关电源传导电磁干扰的分析研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):91-95.
[12]Pesquet J,Krim H,Carfantan H.Time-invariant orthonormal wavelet representations[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(8):1964-1999.
[13]谢杰成,张大力,徐文立.小波图像去噪综述[J].中国图像图形学报,2002,7(3):209-217.
[14]Gonzalez D,Gago J,Balcells J New simplified method for the simulation of conducted EM I generated by switched power converters[J].IEEET ran son Indestry Electronics,2003,50(6):1078-1084.
[15]简晓明,超声检测中信号处理研究,博士学位论文,1999.
[16]M.Lorenz,Ultrasonic characterizat on of defects in steel usingmulti-SAFT imaging and neural and networks,NDT&E international,1993,26(3):127-123.
[17]孟进,马伟明,张磊等.开关电源变换器传导干扰分析及建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(5):49-54.
[18]钱照明,程肇基.电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000.
[19]钱振宇.3C认证中的电磁兼容测试与对策.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[20]周志敏,纪爱华.电磁兼容技术:屏蔽、滤波、接地、浪涌工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[21]区健昌.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[22]Pressman,Abraham I.Switching Power Supply Design.New York:McGraw-Hill,1991.
[23]Douglals Brooks.Signal Integrity Issues and Printed Circuit Board Design Lebanon:Prentice Hall,2003.
[24]王萍.电源组件的电磁兼容技术.四川绵阳:兵工自动化,2005,24(6):95-96.
[25]王凡,王志强.开关电源电磁干扰分析及抑制.西安:电源技术应用,2005,8(4):26-30.
[26]李书芳,高攸纲.现代通信电源中的电磁兼容问题研究.北京:电子科技导报.1999,(10):10-13.
[27]Cochrane D,Chen D Y,Boroyevich D.Passive cancellation of common mode noise in power electronic circuits[J].PESC,2001,(2):1025-1029.
[28]马宁,张国安.开关电源电磁兼容性设计.上海:第十五届全国电源技术年会,2005.
[29]王永骥.神经元网络控制[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[30]焦李成.神经网络系统理论[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1990.
[31]闻新,周露,王丹力.MATLAB神经网络应用设计[M],北京:科学出版社,2000.
[32]程正兴.小波分析算法及应用[M],西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[33]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1998.
[34]李建平,唐远炎.小波分析方法的应用[M],重庆:重庆出版社,1999.
[35]昌华,张军波.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计[M]:小波分析[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[36]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2000.
[37]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M],西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995.
[38]Zhang D D.Neural networks system design methodology[M],Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.
[39]汪晓东.RSF神经网络在传感器校正中的应用[J],仪器仪表学报,2003,2,24(1):96-98.
[40]李传庆,徐敏,张曙.基于小波分析的信号消噪法[J],应用科技,2003,2,30(2).
[41]黄晶,厥沛文.小波分析在管道缺陷超声检测中的应用[J],传感技术学报,2003,9,3.
[2]耿荣生.新千年的无损检测技术—从罗马会议看无损检测技术的发展方向[J],无损检测,2001,23(1):11-14.
[3]C Rajagopadan,Baldey Raj,P Kalyanasundaram.The role of artificial intelligence in non-destructive testing and evaluation[J],Insight,1996,38(3):13-15.
[4]张旭辉等.超声无损检测技术的现状和发展趋势[J],机械制造,2002,24(7):24-26.
[5]施文康.检测技术[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2000,3-8.
[6]《超声波探伤技术及探伤仪》编写组.超声波探伤技术及探伤仪[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1977,45-54.
[7]中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编.超声波检测[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2000,51-53.
[8]Y.Wei.A fast finding and fitting algorithm to detect circles[J],Internationl Geo-science and Remote Sensing Symposium(IDGHT),1998,2:1187-1189.
[9]张小飞,王茁等.超声检测中的噪声处理[J],无损检测,2002,24(5):34-36.
[10]杨平.基于PC的超声检测系统研究[D],西安:西安交通大学,2001.
[11]和军平,姜建国.离线式PWM开关电源传导电磁干扰的分析研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):91-95.
[12]Pesquet J,Krim H,Carfantan H.Time-invariant orthonormal wavelet representations[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(8):1964-1999.
[13]谢杰成,张大力,徐文立.小波图像去噪综述[J].中国图像图形学报,2002,7(3):209-217.
[14]Gonzalez D,Gago J,Balcells J New simplified method for the simulation of conducted EM I generated by switched power converters[J].IEEET ran son Indestry Electronics,2003,50(6):1078-1084.
[15]简晓明,超声检测中信号处理研究,博士学位论文,1999.
[16]M.Lorenz,Ultrasonic characterizat on of defects in steel usingmulti-SAFT imaging and neural and networks,NDT&E international,1993,26(3):127-123.
[17]孟进,马伟明,张磊等.开关电源变换器传导干扰分析及建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(5):49-54.
[18]钱照明,程肇基.电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000.
[19]钱振宇.3C认证中的电磁兼容测试与对策.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[20]周志敏,纪爱华.电磁兼容技术:屏蔽、滤波、接地、浪涌工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[21]区健昌.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[22]Pressman,Abraham I.Switching Power Supply Design.New York:McGraw-Hill,1991.
[23]Douglals Brooks.Signal Integrity Issues and Printed Circuit Board Design Lebanon:Prentice Hall,2003.
[24]王萍.电源组件的电磁兼容技术.四川绵阳:兵工自动化,2005,24(6):95-96.
[25]王凡,王志强.开关电源电磁干扰分析及抑制.西安:电源技术应用,2005,8(4):26-30.
[26]李书芳,高攸纲.现代通信电源中的电磁兼容问题研究.北京:电子科技导报.1999,(10):10-13.
[27]Cochrane D,Chen D Y,Boroyevich D.Passive cancellation of common mode noise in power electronic circuits[J].PESC,2001,(2):1025-1029.
[28]马宁,张国安.开关电源电磁兼容性设计.上海:第十五届全国电源技术年会,2005.
[29]王永骥.神经元网络控制[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[30]焦李成.神经网络系统理论[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1990.
[31]闻新,周露,王丹力.MATLAB神经网络应用设计[M],北京:科学出版社,2000.
[32]程正兴.小波分析算法及应用[M],西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[33]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1998.
[34]李建平,唐远炎.小波分析方法的应用[M],重庆:重庆出版社,1999.
[35]昌华,张军波.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计[M]:小波分析[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[36]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2000.
[37]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M],西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995.
[38]Zhang D D.Neural networks system design methodology[M],Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.
[39]汪晓东.RSF神经网络在传感器校正中的应用[J],仪器仪表学报,2003,2,24(1):96-98.
[40]李传庆,徐敏,张曙.基于小波分析的信号消噪法[J],应用科技,2003,2,30(2).
[41]黄晶,厥沛文.小波分析在管道缺陷超声检测中的应用[J],传感技术学报,2003,9,3.