V波段低噪声放大器的设计
摘要
本文采用混合—单片组合技术设计了一种V波段低噪声放大器。国外设计V波段低噪声放大器一般采用MMIC技术，而且增益不高，而国内对V波段低噪声放大器的研究未见报道。
本文基于国内可以达到的工艺，选取HEMT管芯和MMIC芯片，对HEMT器件的噪声模型和参数的提取进行了研究，采用了先进的微波电路设计软件Ansoft进行电路设计，其中对放大器的低噪声设计进行了重点分析。系统接口采用WR-15型标准矩形波导，本文设计了一个微带探针型微带—波导过渡器。
本文通过仿真验证了该设计方案的噪声系数小于3.5dB，增益大于32dB，是一种切实可行的方案，为今后的工程化打下了基础。
A project of V-band low noise amplifier has been designed with the combination technology of MIC and MMIC. V-band low noise amplifiers abroad often have been designed and fabricated with MMIC technology, and their value of gain are not high. But there is nothing internal report.
Based on internal technics, the amplifier was composed of HEMT chips and MMIC chip. This thesis analyzes noise model of HEMTs and extraction of noise parameters. Ansoft software is used to design, optimize and simulate the circuits. The interface of the system is standard waveguide WR-15, so a microstrip-to-waveguide transition is designed.
The elaborate project is validated by simulation. As the result of simulation, the noise figure of the LNA is less than 3.5dB, and the gain value is more than 32dB. These works in advance will be helpful to engineering practice in future.
本文基于国内可以达到的工艺，选取HEMT管芯和MMIC芯片，对HEMT器件的噪声模型和参数的提取进行了研究，采用了先进的微波电路设计软件Ansoft进行电路设计，其中对放大器的低噪声设计进行了重点分析。系统接口采用WR-15型标准矩形波导，本文设计了一个微带探针型微带—波导过渡器。
本文通过仿真验证了该设计方案的噪声系数小于3.5dB，增益大于32dB，是一种切实可行的方案，为今后的工程化打下了基础。
A project of V-band low noise amplifier has been designed with the combination technology of MIC and MMIC. V-band low noise amplifiers abroad often have been designed and fabricated with MMIC technology, and their value of gain are not high. But there is nothing internal report.
Based on internal technics, the amplifier was composed of HEMT chips and MMIC chip. This thesis analyzes noise model of HEMTs and extraction of noise parameters. Ansoft software is used to design, optimize and simulate the circuits. The interface of the system is standard waveguide WR-15, so a microstrip-to-waveguide transition is designed.
The elaborate project is validated by simulation. As the result of simulation, the noise figure of the LNA is less than 3.5dB, and the gain value is more than 32dB. These works in advance will be helpful to engineering practice in future.
引文
1 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编．卫星通信技术．北京．国防工业出版社，2000
2 Christopher, Paul. A new view of millimeter-wave satellite communication. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. Vol. 44. No 2. April. 2002. pp 59-61.
3 Gatenby. P.V. Optical intersatellite links for military satellite communications. IEE Colloquium(Digest). N 053. 1995. pp10/1-10-6
4 吕洪生，杨新德．实用卫星通信工程．成都．电子科技大学出版社．1994
5 Jackson. A.H, Christopher. P. Angle diversity for millimeter wave satellite communications, IEE Conference Publication. n 424. 1996. pp 51-54
6 阮成礼．毫米波理论与技术．成都．电子科技大学出版社．2001
7 Suematsu. Eiji, Digital and analog satellites/millimeter-wave transmission link. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. v 3. 1999. p 1047-1050
8 Russell. M, Marinilli. A, Sullivan. F, Millimeter wave solid-state amplifiers in radar and communication systems. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. v 1. 1996. pp 53-56
9 [日]川桥猛．卫星通信．北京．人民邮电出版社．1984
10 林福华．微波通信与卫星通信．北京．电子工业出版社．1996
11 刘吉盛，聂风珍．卫星通信新技术与新系统．微波与卫星通信．1994．3(1)：1
12 陈其津．低噪声电路．重庆．重庆大学出版社．1988
13 黄香腹．微波电子线路．北京．国防工业出版社．1980
14 言华．微波固态电路．北京．北京理工大学出版社．1995
15 吴万春．集成固体微波电路．北京．国防工业出版社．1981
16 王蕴仪．毫米波理论与技术的重大进展．东南大学学报．第22卷 第3期．1992．5
17 陈天麒．微波低噪声晶体管放大器．北京．人民邮电出版社．1983
18 孙再吉．GaAs MESFET HEMT和HBT的最新发展．半导体杂志．第17卷第3期．1992．9
19 James J. Whelehan "Low-Noise Amplifiers—Then and Now". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002.3. pp806-813
20 张汉三．高电子迁移率晶体管十年．半导体技术．No．4．1991
21 孙再吉．毫米波HEMT器件的开发与应用．电子工程师．1996
22 John W. Archer. "Ultra-Low-Noise Indium-Phosphide MMIC Amplifiers for
85-115GHz". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 49, No. 11. 2001.
23 S. Weinreb et al. "W-band InP wideband MMIC LNA with 30K Noise temperature". IEEE Int. Microwave Symp. Dig. June 1999 pp. 101-101.
24 刘自明，胡荣中，曲兰欣，盛柏桢，微波／毫米波低噪声器件、新型固体器件及其电路的发展趋势与开发建议．半导体技术．No．4．1994．8
25 张汉三．微波单片集成电路(MMIC)．半导体情报．第三期．21-30．1990
26 O.P. Lunden. etc. "A 60-GHz LNA using commercially available PM HEMTs for intersatellite and mobile communications " IEEE MTT-s Digest. 1994, pp. 1341-1344
27 朱国良．袁明文．刘晨晖．邱伟．聂慧君．3毫米波段低噪声GaAs PHEMT研究．半导体情报．第33卷．第4期．1996
28 甘仲民等．毫米波通信技术与系统．北京．电子工业出版社．2003
29 杨运年．VSAT卫星通信网．北京．人民邮电出版社．1997
30 高桂友等．地球站微波收发信机．北京．人民邮电出版社．1988
31 [加]丹尼斯．罗迪．卫星通信．北京．人民邮电出版社．2002
32 习育才，左凤琴等．毫米波技术及其军事应用．北京．北京兵器工业出版社．1991
33 顾其诤，项加桢，袁孝康．微波集成电路设计．北京．人民邮电出版社．1978
34 M.T. Hickson. P. Gardner. etc. "High Gain Millimetric Negative Resistance Low Noise Amplifiers".Electronics Letters Vol. 29. No. 16. 1993.8. pp1408-1409
35 李超．毫米波集成接收前端的研究．电子科技大学．2001
36 《中国集成电路大全》编委会编．微波集成电路．北京：国防工业出版社．1995
37 任守勤等译．微波噪声：译文集．北京．科学出版社．1975
38 方志豪．晶体低噪声电路．北京．科学出版社．1984
39 廖承恩译．傅君眉 校．固体微波放大器设计．北京．国防工业出版社．1988
40 Takashi Mimura. The Early History of the High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 50. No. 3. MARCH 2002. pp780-782
41 K.L. Tan. R.M. Dia. etc. 60-GHz Pseudomorphic Al_(0.25) Ga_(0.75) As/In _(0.28) Ga _(0.72) As Low-Noise HEMT's. IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS. Vol. 12. No. 1. JANUARY 1991 pp23-25
42 陈晖，黄香馥，朱君范．毫米波HEMT器件的电路模型研究．红外与毫米波学报．第13期．第4卷．1994．8
43 Chih-Hung Chen. etc. Extraction of the Induced Gate Noise, Channel Noise, and
Their Correlation in Submicron MOSFETs from RF Noise Measurements IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES. Vol. 48, No. 12. DECEMBER 2001. pp2884-2892
44 Main Cappy. Noise Modeling and Measurement Techniques. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES. Vol. 36. No. 1. JANUARY 1988. pp1-10
45 王军贤．Ka频段低噪声放大器的设计．固体电子学研究与进展．第18卷．第3期．1998．8
46 Michael sholle. 60 AND 70 GHZ(HEMT) AMPLIFIERS. IEEE MTT-S Digest. 1986 pp463-465
47 K. Maruhashi, M. Funabashi, T. INoue, M. Madihian, M. Kuzuhara. A 60GHz-band Noise hjfet amplifier module for wireless lan applications. IEEE Microwave and Millimeter-Wave MoNolithic Circuits Symposium. 1996. pp137-140
48 C.L. Lau, M. Fend, G.W. wang. etc. 44GHz hybrid low Noise amplifiers using ion-implanted In_xGa_(1-x) As MESFETs. IEEE MTT-S Digest pp 431-433. 1990
49 Michael Sholley, John Berenz. etc, 36.0-40.0 GHz HEMT low Noise amplifier. IEEE MTT-S Digest. 1985. pp555-558
50 Minnebaev. V.M, Ka-band LNA MIC. International Conference on Satellite Communications - ICSC. Proceedings. v 1. 1998. pp 172-173
51 沈毅龙，安建平，田正容，费元春．11．8GHz双极低噪声放大器．北京理工大学学报．第18卷．第3期．1998．6
52 Murphy M T. Applying the series feedback technique to LNA design. Microwave journal, 1989,32(11),pp 143-152
53 David lacombe and Jerome cohen, Octave-Band Microstrip DC Blocks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES. AUGUST 1972. pp 555-556
54 董树义．微波测量技术．北京．北京理工大学出版社．1990
55 薛良金．毫米波工程基础．北京：国防工业出版社．1998
56 龚克．王激．波导与微带线和共面线的过渡问题．微波学报．第2期．1994
57 Yi-chi shih. etc Waveguide-To-Microstrip Transition for Millimeter-Wave Application. IEEE MTT-S Digest. 1988. pp 473-475
58 Yoke-Choy Leong, Sander Weinerb, Full band waveguide-to-microstrip probe transitions, IEEE MTT-S Digest, pp 1435-1438, 1999
59 Yuri tikhov, Jeong-woo moon, Yuon-jin kim. Refined characterization of E-plane waveguide to microstrip transition for millimeter-wave applications, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC2000, pp 29-32
60 梁新辉，韩良，王蕴仪．毫米波波导到微带转换的研究．微波学报．44-51．1991．4
2 Christopher, Paul. A new view of millimeter-wave satellite communication. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. Vol. 44. No 2. April. 2002. pp 59-61.
3 Gatenby. P.V. Optical intersatellite links for military satellite communications. IEE Colloquium(Digest). N 053. 1995. pp10/1-10-6
4 吕洪生，杨新德．实用卫星通信工程．成都．电子科技大学出版社．1994
5 Jackson. A.H, Christopher. P. Angle diversity for millimeter wave satellite communications, IEE Conference Publication. n 424. 1996. pp 51-54
6 阮成礼．毫米波理论与技术．成都．电子科技大学出版社．2001
7 Suematsu. Eiji, Digital and analog satellites/millimeter-wave transmission link. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. v 3. 1999. p 1047-1050
8 Russell. M, Marinilli. A, Sullivan. F, Millimeter wave solid-state amplifiers in radar and communication systems. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. v 1. 1996. pp 53-56
9 [日]川桥猛．卫星通信．北京．人民邮电出版社．1984
10 林福华．微波通信与卫星通信．北京．电子工业出版社．1996
11 刘吉盛，聂风珍．卫星通信新技术与新系统．微波与卫星通信．1994．3(1)：1
12 陈其津．低噪声电路．重庆．重庆大学出版社．1988
13 黄香腹．微波电子线路．北京．国防工业出版社．1980
14 言华．微波固态电路．北京．北京理工大学出版社．1995
15 吴万春．集成固体微波电路．北京．国防工业出版社．1981
16 王蕴仪．毫米波理论与技术的重大进展．东南大学学报．第22卷 第3期．1992．5
17 陈天麒．微波低噪声晶体管放大器．北京．人民邮电出版社．1983
18 孙再吉．GaAs MESFET HEMT和HBT的最新发展．半导体杂志．第17卷第3期．1992．9
19 James J. Whelehan "Low-Noise Amplifiers—Then and Now". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002.3. pp806-813
20 张汉三．高电子迁移率晶体管十年．半导体技术．No．4．1991
21 孙再吉．毫米波HEMT器件的开发与应用．电子工程师．1996
22 John W. Archer. "Ultra-Low-Noise Indium-Phosphide MMIC Amplifiers for
85-115GHz". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 49, No. 11. 2001.
23 S. Weinreb et al. "W-band InP wideband MMIC LNA with 30K Noise temperature". IEEE Int. Microwave Symp. Dig. June 1999 pp. 101-101.
24 刘自明，胡荣中，曲兰欣，盛柏桢，微波／毫米波低噪声器件、新型固体器件及其电路的发展趋势与开发建议．半导体技术．No．4．1994．8
25 张汉三．微波单片集成电路(MMIC)．半导体情报．第三期．21-30．1990
26 O.P. Lunden. etc. "A 60-GHz LNA using commercially available PM HEMTs for intersatellite and mobile communications " IEEE MTT-s Digest. 1994, pp. 1341-1344
27 朱国良．袁明文．刘晨晖．邱伟．聂慧君．3毫米波段低噪声GaAs PHEMT研究．半导体情报．第33卷．第4期．1996
28 甘仲民等．毫米波通信技术与系统．北京．电子工业出版社．2003
29 杨运年．VSAT卫星通信网．北京．人民邮电出版社．1997
30 高桂友等．地球站微波收发信机．北京．人民邮电出版社．1988
31 [加]丹尼斯．罗迪．卫星通信．北京．人民邮电出版社．2002
32 习育才，左凤琴等．毫米波技术及其军事应用．北京．北京兵器工业出版社．1991
33 顾其诤，项加桢，袁孝康．微波集成电路设计．北京．人民邮电出版社．1978
34 M.T. Hickson. P. Gardner. etc. "High Gain Millimetric Negative Resistance Low Noise Amplifiers".Electronics Letters Vol. 29. No. 16. 1993.8. pp1408-1409
35 李超．毫米波集成接收前端的研究．电子科技大学．2001
36 《中国集成电路大全》编委会编．微波集成电路．北京：国防工业出版社．1995
37 任守勤等译．微波噪声：译文集．北京．科学出版社．1975
38 方志豪．晶体低噪声电路．北京．科学出版社．1984
39 廖承恩译．傅君眉 校．固体微波放大器设计．北京．国防工业出版社．1988
40 Takashi Mimura. The Early History of the High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 50. No. 3. MARCH 2002. pp780-782
41 K.L. Tan. R.M. Dia. etc. 60-GHz Pseudomorphic Al_(0.25) Ga_(0.75) As/In _(0.28) Ga _(0.72) As Low-Noise HEMT's. IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS. Vol. 12. No. 1. JANUARY 1991 pp23-25
42 陈晖，黄香馥，朱君范．毫米波HEMT器件的电路模型研究．红外与毫米波学报．第13期．第4卷．1994．8
43 Chih-Hung Chen. etc. Extraction of the Induced Gate Noise, Channel Noise, and
Their Correlation in Submicron MOSFETs from RF Noise Measurements IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES. Vol. 48, No. 12. DECEMBER 2001. pp2884-2892
44 Main Cappy. Noise Modeling and Measurement Techniques. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES. Vol. 36. No. 1. JANUARY 1988. pp1-10
45 王军贤．Ka频段低噪声放大器的设计．固体电子学研究与进展．第18卷．第3期．1998．8
46 Michael sholle. 60 AND 70 GHZ(HEMT) AMPLIFIERS. IEEE MTT-S Digest. 1986 pp463-465
47 K. Maruhashi, M. Funabashi, T. INoue, M. Madihian, M. Kuzuhara. A 60GHz-band Noise hjfet amplifier module for wireless lan applications. IEEE Microwave and Millimeter-Wave MoNolithic Circuits Symposium. 1996. pp137-140
48 C.L. Lau, M. Fend, G.W. wang. etc. 44GHz hybrid low Noise amplifiers using ion-implanted In_xGa_(1-x) As MESFETs. IEEE MTT-S Digest pp 431-433. 1990
49 Michael Sholley, John Berenz. etc, 36.0-40.0 GHz HEMT low Noise amplifier. IEEE MTT-S Digest. 1985. pp555-558
50 Minnebaev. V.M, Ka-band LNA MIC. International Conference on Satellite Communications - ICSC. Proceedings. v 1. 1998. pp 172-173
51 沈毅龙，安建平，田正容，费元春．11．8GHz双极低噪声放大器．北京理工大学学报．第18卷．第3期．1998．6
52 Murphy M T. Applying the series feedback technique to LNA design. Microwave journal, 1989,32(11),pp 143-152
53 David lacombe and Jerome cohen, Octave-Band Microstrip DC Blocks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES. AUGUST 1972. pp 555-556
54 董树义．微波测量技术．北京．北京理工大学出版社．1990
55 薛良金．毫米波工程基础．北京：国防工业出版社．1998
56 龚克．王激．波导与微带线和共面线的过渡问题．微波学报．第2期．1994
57 Yi-chi shih. etc Waveguide-To-Microstrip Transition for Millimeter-Wave Application. IEEE MTT-S Digest. 1988. pp 473-475
58 Yoke-Choy Leong, Sander Weinerb, Full band waveguide-to-microstrip probe transitions, IEEE MTT-S Digest, pp 1435-1438, 1999
59 Yuri tikhov, Jeong-woo moon, Yuon-jin kim. Refined characterization of E-plane waveguide to microstrip transition for millimeter-wave applications, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC2000, pp 29-32
60 梁新辉，韩良，王蕴仪．毫米波波导到微带转换的研究．微波学报．44-51．1991．4