双凸极无刷直流发电机
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摘要
本文主要致力于双凸极无刷直流发电机的结构拓扑和特性研究。在分析常规双凸极无刷直流发电机结构特点的基础上衍变出一组单相、两相和多相双凸极电机新结构,并对新结构空载特性和外特性进行了研究。
首先给出了双凸极无刷直流发电机的单元电机概念,并在三相6/4极电励磁双凸极发电机(Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator,简称DSEG)单元电机的基础上,衍变出一组多转子极6/4N极DSEG单元电机。对多转子极DSEG单元电机N的取值,电枢绕组元件相序与N的关系,定子极宽与定子极距之比的表达式,电势波形宽度的表达式进行了研究,总结出构建新电机结构应满足的三个条件。讨论了单相、两相/四相和五相DSEG单元电机新结构定、转子配合关系,定子极宽与定子极距之比以及电枢绕组元件连接方式。给出了混合励磁双凸极发电机的结构及其构成条件,并给出了多单元混合励磁双凸极发电机结构。
给出了ANSYS进行静态电磁场分析时磁链、电势、电感、转矩和力的计算原理,开发了分析模型局部区域受力和转矩的宏,并从单元类型、气隙网格以及局部模型的角度对有限元模型进行优化。在此基础上,利用ANSYS提供的参数化设计语言(ANSYS Parametric Design Language,简称APDL)构建了通用双凸极无刷直流发电机有限元空载分析软件模块,对一台2kW 500r/min DSEG样机的磁场和气隙磁密、感应电势、电感、定位力矩、定子极受力进行了计算。部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,验证了空载有限元模型的正确性。讨论了单相、四相和五相DSEG的空载特性。揭示了五相DSEG的开路故障容错能力。通过对三相24/16极混合励磁双凸极电机的模态分析,揭示了其磁场调节原理和空载特性。分析了兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机气隙对励磁绕组槽漏磁和定、转子极间边缘效应的影响,比较了不同气隙下兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机的空载特性。探讨了定子内径、定子铁心有效长度、气隙磁密和电机转速一定时,极数对DSEG单匝相电势和空载特性的影响。
建立了双凸极无刷直流发电机的负载模型,对一台2kW 500r/min DSEG样机负载磁场和气隙磁密、相电势、相电流进行了计算,部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,验证了负载有限元模型的正确性。比较研究了DSEG的开关磁阻发电方式、双凸极发电方式1和双凸极发电方式2的外特性和功率曲线。重点研究了每极串联匝数、铁心长度、定子内径、励磁电流、转速对兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机的外特性和功率之间的影响,讨论了开关磁阻发电方式和双凸极发电方式2对兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机的外特性和功率的影响。比较了6个2MW直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机设计实例的体积重量、损耗和有效材料价格。
The goal of this thesis is to research the topologies of Doubly Salient Generators (DSG). Series of new Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generators (DSEG) with single-phase, two-phases and multiple-phases are developed based on the normal 6/4-pole structure, and their no-load characteristics and load characteristics are researched.
In this thesis, the concept of element generator is proposed first. On the basis of the three-phase 6/4-pole element generator, series of 6/4N-pole element generators of DSEG with multiple rotor poles are deduced. Then, the value of N, the relation between N and the phase sequence, the ratio of pole arc width to polar distance of stator and the expression of electric potential waveform width are researched. Three conditions for the new generator structure are further obtained. The combinations between stator pole and rotor pole, the ratio of stator pole arc width to pole distance and the phase winding connections are further analyzed for the new element generators with single-phase, two or four-phase and five-phase DSEG. A new multiple poles hybrid excited element generators and multiple units multiple poles hybrid excited element generators are intruduced.
The macros of the force and torque in the interesting areas are built, and the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models, which calculate the flux, Electromotive Force (EMF), inductance, torque and force of DSEG, are realized and optimized by ANSYS. The field, air gap flux density, EMF, inductance, cogging torque and stator pole force of a 2kW, 500r/min prototype are analyzed. Partial results of the calculation are compared with the experiment data, and verified the finite element models above. The no-load characteristics of four phases and five phases DSEGs are researched, and the open circuit fault tolerances capabilities of five phases DSEG are obtained. According to the analysis of three phase 24/16-pole hybrid excitation DSG modal, the field regulation characteristics and no-load characteristic are invovled. The influence of air gap length on the slot leakage, the edge effect between stator pole and rotor pole of megawatt DSEG are investigated and the no-load characteristics of DSEG with different air gaps are compared. When the inner diameter of stator, the effective length of stator core, the air gap flux destiny and the rotation speed of the generator are fixed, the affect of pole number to phase voltage per turn of no-load characteristic is discussed.
The FEA load models of DSEG are developed by ANSOFT. The load field, air gap flux density and phase current of a prototype are analyzed. Part of the calculation results are compared with the experimental data. The comparison results verify the FEA model well. The Switched Reluctance Generation mode (SRG mode), Doubly Salient Generation mode 1(DSG1 mode) and Doubly Salient Generation mode 2(DSG2 mode) of external characteristics and power curves are comparatively studied from the prototype. The influence of structure parameters on megawatt DSEG external characteristics and power characteristics is mainly researched, including turns-in-series each phase, core length, inner diameter of stator, exciting current and rotate speed. Different generation modes of SRG and DSG2 modes on external characteristics and power are further studied. The volumes, weights, losses and costs of six 2MW design examples effective material are estimated and compared.
首先给出了双凸极无刷直流发电机的单元电机概念,并在三相6/4极电励磁双凸极发电机(Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator,简称DSEG)单元电机的基础上,衍变出一组多转子极6/4N极DSEG单元电机。对多转子极DSEG单元电机N的取值,电枢绕组元件相序与N的关系,定子极宽与定子极距之比的表达式,电势波形宽度的表达式进行了研究,总结出构建新电机结构应满足的三个条件。讨论了单相、两相/四相和五相DSEG单元电机新结构定、转子配合关系,定子极宽与定子极距之比以及电枢绕组元件连接方式。给出了混合励磁双凸极发电机的结构及其构成条件,并给出了多单元混合励磁双凸极发电机结构。
给出了ANSYS进行静态电磁场分析时磁链、电势、电感、转矩和力的计算原理,开发了分析模型局部区域受力和转矩的宏,并从单元类型、气隙网格以及局部模型的角度对有限元模型进行优化。在此基础上,利用ANSYS提供的参数化设计语言(ANSYS Parametric Design Language,简称APDL)构建了通用双凸极无刷直流发电机有限元空载分析软件模块,对一台2kW 500r/min DSEG样机的磁场和气隙磁密、感应电势、电感、定位力矩、定子极受力进行了计算。部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,验证了空载有限元模型的正确性。讨论了单相、四相和五相DSEG的空载特性。揭示了五相DSEG的开路故障容错能力。通过对三相24/16极混合励磁双凸极电机的模态分析,揭示了其磁场调节原理和空载特性。分析了兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机气隙对励磁绕组槽漏磁和定、转子极间边缘效应的影响,比较了不同气隙下兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机的空载特性。探讨了定子内径、定子铁心有效长度、气隙磁密和电机转速一定时,极数对DSEG单匝相电势和空载特性的影响。
建立了双凸极无刷直流发电机的负载模型,对一台2kW 500r/min DSEG样机负载磁场和气隙磁密、相电势、相电流进行了计算,部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,验证了负载有限元模型的正确性。比较研究了DSEG的开关磁阻发电方式、双凸极发电方式1和双凸极发电方式2的外特性和功率曲线。重点研究了每极串联匝数、铁心长度、定子内径、励磁电流、转速对兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机的外特性和功率之间的影响,讨论了开关磁阻发电方式和双凸极发电方式2对兆瓦级直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机的外特性和功率的影响。比较了6个2MW直驱电励磁双凸极风力发电机设计实例的体积重量、损耗和有效材料价格。
The goal of this thesis is to research the topologies of Doubly Salient Generators (DSG). Series of new Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generators (DSEG) with single-phase, two-phases and multiple-phases are developed based on the normal 6/4-pole structure, and their no-load characteristics and load characteristics are researched.
In this thesis, the concept of element generator is proposed first. On the basis of the three-phase 6/4-pole element generator, series of 6/4N-pole element generators of DSEG with multiple rotor poles are deduced. Then, the value of N, the relation between N and the phase sequence, the ratio of pole arc width to polar distance of stator and the expression of electric potential waveform width are researched. Three conditions for the new generator structure are further obtained. The combinations between stator pole and rotor pole, the ratio of stator pole arc width to pole distance and the phase winding connections are further analyzed for the new element generators with single-phase, two or four-phase and five-phase DSEG. A new multiple poles hybrid excited element generators and multiple units multiple poles hybrid excited element generators are intruduced.
The macros of the force and torque in the interesting areas are built, and the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models, which calculate the flux, Electromotive Force (EMF), inductance, torque and force of DSEG, are realized and optimized by ANSYS. The field, air gap flux density, EMF, inductance, cogging torque and stator pole force of a 2kW, 500r/min prototype are analyzed. Partial results of the calculation are compared with the experiment data, and verified the finite element models above. The no-load characteristics of four phases and five phases DSEGs are researched, and the open circuit fault tolerances capabilities of five phases DSEG are obtained. According to the analysis of three phase 24/16-pole hybrid excitation DSG modal, the field regulation characteristics and no-load characteristic are invovled. The influence of air gap length on the slot leakage, the edge effect between stator pole and rotor pole of megawatt DSEG are investigated and the no-load characteristics of DSEG with different air gaps are compared. When the inner diameter of stator, the effective length of stator core, the air gap flux destiny and the rotation speed of the generator are fixed, the affect of pole number to phase voltage per turn of no-load characteristic is discussed.
The FEA load models of DSEG are developed by ANSOFT. The load field, air gap flux density and phase current of a prototype are analyzed. Part of the calculation results are compared with the experimental data. The comparison results verify the FEA model well. The Switched Reluctance Generation mode (SRG mode), Doubly Salient Generation mode 1(DSG1 mode) and Doubly Salient Generation mode 2(DSG2 mode) of external characteristics and power curves are comparatively studied from the prototype. The influence of structure parameters on megawatt DSEG external characteristics and power characteristics is mainly researched, including turns-in-series each phase, core length, inner diameter of stator, exciting current and rotate speed. Different generation modes of SRG and DSG2 modes on external characteristics and power are further studied. The volumes, weights, losses and costs of six 2MW design examples effective material are estimated and compared.
引文
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