宽川铺生物群再研究
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摘要
宽川铺生物群是陕南地区早寒武世早期一个以微体动、植物化石为特色的生物群。对该生物群进行研究,目的是在系统归纳、总结出该生物群各类化石特征的基础上,力争发现一些新属种生物。这不仅可以丰富整个生物群的内容,提高我们对早期生物面貌的认识,而且为震旦—寒武系界线及地层划分对比研究和探讨地球早期生命起源演化等重大理论问题提供证据。
经过对宽川铺生物群的野外剖面实测、样品采集、室内样品的化学浸解处理和挑样等综合研究,共获得各类微体化石近千枚。在与前人资料对比后,鉴定出软舌螺类、海绵类、锥石类、织金钉类等38属57种。经对完整标本SEM扫描成像192幅,制作图版12帧。同时取得了以下三点新进展：
1.建立描述微小骨骼化石1新属1新种。即在骨状锥石科下建立了宁强锥石属(Ningqiangconularia gen.nov)和五辐射宁强锥石种(Ningqiangconularia pentatus gen.and sp.nov).新种五辐射宁强锥石的发现,进一步丰富了锥石类动物的属种内容,并对原始锥石的分类方案进行了修订。
2.通过对新发现的分叉藻类化石观察研究,针对分叉型藻类提出了树叉分支型生长方式和顶端生长方式有差异的新设想。
3.结合前人研究成果和本次研究资料,归纳总结了整个宽川铺生物群的总体特点。认为宽川铺生物群不但以具硬体的微小骨骼动物化石为代表,而且以含有大量动物胚胎及软体组织保存为特色,是一个由动物、植物共同组成的完整地方性生物群。
Kuanchuanpu biota is the Early Cambrian microfossil which is characterized as an early animal and plant fossil in the southern region of Shaanxi province.The purpose of research is to find out some new genus and species based on summarizing the system and the feature of all kinds of fossils. This will not only enrich the content of biota, improve our understanding of early biological features, but also supply the evidence for contrast research in the field of Cambrian boundary and the stratum division. In addition, it can provide evidence of major theoretical issues according to the origin and evolution of early earth life.
Through measuring the section plane of Kuanchuanpu biota, gathering samples and using the methods of chemical decompose and SEM to research for kinds of fossils, totally there are existing 1000 fossils. In contrast with previous data, it identifies the hyolitha,porifera,protoconulariids,zhijinitids.etc. There have 38 genus and 57 species. The followings are three improvements:
1. The establishment of small shelly fossils description for a new genus and a new species. In other words, it establishes Ningqiangconularia gen.nov and Ningqiangconularia pentatus gen.and sp.nov under the cone-shaped stone branch of bone. In this study, the discovery of five-radiation Ningqiangconularia has enriched the variety of protoconulariids. Meanwhile, the paper revises the classified scheme of protoconulariids.
2. Given the research of newly discovered bifurcation algae fossil, we conclude the new ideas of different growth pattern between branch growth and top growth.
3. Combined with previous research and data in this study, this paper sums up the whole biota of kuanchuanpu. Moreover, it claims that Kuanchuanpu biota is not only represented by skeleton fossils of small hardware, but also filled with the feature of a large number of animal embryos and soft tissue preservation. Altogether, animals and plants constitute the integrity of local biota.
经过对宽川铺生物群的野外剖面实测、样品采集、室内样品的化学浸解处理和挑样等综合研究,共获得各类微体化石近千枚。在与前人资料对比后,鉴定出软舌螺类、海绵类、锥石类、织金钉类等38属57种。经对完整标本SEM扫描成像192幅,制作图版12帧。同时取得了以下三点新进展：
1.建立描述微小骨骼化石1新属1新种。即在骨状锥石科下建立了宁强锥石属(Ningqiangconularia gen.nov)和五辐射宁强锥石种(Ningqiangconularia pentatus gen.and sp.nov).新种五辐射宁强锥石的发现,进一步丰富了锥石类动物的属种内容,并对原始锥石的分类方案进行了修订。
2.通过对新发现的分叉藻类化石观察研究,针对分叉型藻类提出了树叉分支型生长方式和顶端生长方式有差异的新设想。
3.结合前人研究成果和本次研究资料,归纳总结了整个宽川铺生物群的总体特点。认为宽川铺生物群不但以具硬体的微小骨骼动物化石为代表,而且以含有大量动物胚胎及软体组织保存为特色,是一个由动物、植物共同组成的完整地方性生物群。
Kuanchuanpu biota is the Early Cambrian microfossil which is characterized as an early animal and plant fossil in the southern region of Shaanxi province.The purpose of research is to find out some new genus and species based on summarizing the system and the feature of all kinds of fossils. This will not only enrich the content of biota, improve our understanding of early biological features, but also supply the evidence for contrast research in the field of Cambrian boundary and the stratum division. In addition, it can provide evidence of major theoretical issues according to the origin and evolution of early earth life.
Through measuring the section plane of Kuanchuanpu biota, gathering samples and using the methods of chemical decompose and SEM to research for kinds of fossils, totally there are existing 1000 fossils. In contrast with previous data, it identifies the hyolitha,porifera,protoconulariids,zhijinitids.etc. There have 38 genus and 57 species. The followings are three improvements:
1. The establishment of small shelly fossils description for a new genus and a new species. In other words, it establishes Ningqiangconularia gen.nov and Ningqiangconularia pentatus gen.and sp.nov under the cone-shaped stone branch of bone. In this study, the discovery of five-radiation Ningqiangconularia has enriched the variety of protoconulariids. Meanwhile, the paper revises the classified scheme of protoconulariids.
2. Given the research of newly discovered bifurcation algae fossil, we conclude the new ideas of different growth pattern between branch growth and top growth.
3. Combined with previous research and data in this study, this paper sums up the whole biota of kuanchuanpu. Moreover, it claims that Kuanchuanpu biota is not only represented by skeleton fossils of small hardware, but also filled with the feature of a large number of animal embryos and soft tissue preservation. Altogether, animals and plants constitute the integrity of local biota.
引文
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[31]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.瓮安生物群与宽川铺生物群中球形类化石研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(1)：5-13
[32]刘云焕.宽川铺生物群与瓮安生物群中的球形类化石研究[D].西安：长安大学,2004
[33]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.陕西宁强地区早寒武世磷酸盐化Punctatus新材料[J].古生物学报,2006,45(1)：95-101
[34]刘云焕,邵铁全,房启飞,等.陕南早寒武世早期管柱状生物化石新发现[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(3)：291-296
[35]刘云焕,邵铁全,韩健,等.陕南早寒武世早期磷酸盐化Punctatus发育模式研究[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(3)：243-248
[36]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.陕西南部早寒武世原始锥石类carinachitids两新种 记述[J].微体古生物学报,2005,22(3)：311-321
[37]冯曼.陕南宁强地区和安徽巢湖地区早寒武世小壳化石Anabarites之比较[J]微体古生物学报,2005,22(4)：412-416
[38]邵铁全,李勇,刘云焕,等.陕西宁强早寒武世磷酸盐化具星状表饰胚胎化石研究[J].微体古生物学报,2006,23(3)：275-280
[39]魏沐潮.微体古生物学简明教程[M].北京：地质出版社,1990：1-217
[40]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：192-224,248-257
[41]童金南,殷鸿福.古生物学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007：1-26,210-253
[42]张永辂.古生物命名拉丁语[M].北京：科学出版社,1983：1-429
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[2]丁莲芳.论陕南震旦系—寒武系界[J].西安地质学院学报,1983,第2期：9-23
[3]李勇.上扬子区晚震旦世地层古生物研究[D].西安：西北大学地质系,2002
[4]丁莲芳.陕南震旦系—寒武系界线研究[J].地层古生物论文集,1992,第二十三辑：96-124
[5]李勇.扬子地台北缘震旦系一寒武系边界地层及其小壳化石[D].西安：西安地质学院,1986
[6]李勇,丁莲芳.新元古代生物多样性及震旦系之底界[J].现代地质,1999,13(2),228-229
[7]李勇,丁莲芳.新元古界生物多样性及震旦系层型[A].第三届全国地层会议论文集[C].北京：地质出版社,2000：51-55
[8]武汉地质学院古生物教研室.古生物学教程[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：1-36
[9]王鸿祯.云南昆明中邑村磷矿略述[J].中国地质学会志,1941,21(1)：67-70
[10]李耀西.大巴山西段早古生代地层志[M]．北京：地质出版社,1975：4-55
[11]邢裕盛.中国的上前寒武纪.中国地层3[M].北京：地质出版社,1989：1-85
[12]’邢裕盛,孙卫国.国际末前寒武系研究展望[J].地层学杂志,1989,13(3):228-230
[13]陈孟莪,陈祥高、劳秋元.陕南震旦系上部地层中的后生动物化石及其地层意义[J].地质科学,1975,第2期：160-181
[14]肖书海,安德鲁·诺尔.是胚胎还是藻类?——兼答薛耀松、周传明、唐天福先生[J].微体古生物学报,1999,16(3)：313-323
[15]杨暹和,陈远德.西南地区地层总结(震旦系)[M].成部：地质部成都地质矿产研究所,1981：15-69
[16]张录易.陕西宁强震旦纪晚期高家山生物群的发现和初步研究[J].西安地质矿产研究所所刊,1986,第13号：67-87
[17]李国祥,钱逸.磷酸盐化球状化石研究述评[J].微体古生物学报,1999,16(3)：287-296[18]岳昭,S BENGTSON.寒武纪大爆发中磷酸盐化胚胎化石[J].科学通报,1998,43：1858-1882
[19]钱逸.记述原始锥石类中的一个新属种Emeiconularia trigemme gen.et sp.nov.[J]微体古生物学报,1997,14(4)：475-488
[20]钱逸.中国小壳化石分类学与生物地层学[M].北京：科学出版社,1999：1-177
[21]钱逸.扬子地台早古生代软舌螺化石记述[J].微体古生物学报,2000,17(4)：353-361
[22]钱逸,肖立功.软舌螺[M].北京：科学出版社,1995：1-60,93-218,253-262
[23]钱逸.陕西地区下寒武统筇竹寺阶软舌螺化石[J]’.古生物学报,2001,40(1)：31-43
[24]钱逸.梅树村阶及其小壳化石组合序列[J].古生物学报,2001,40(增刊)：54-62
[25]钱逸.论扬子台(Yangtzndonta)与带壳软体动物早期演化[J].科学通报,2001,46(20)：1730-1734
[26][英]达尔文.物种起源[M].舒德干等译.北京：北京大学出版社,2005：1-294
[27]古生物学名词审定委员会.古生物学名词[M].北京：科学出版社,2009：1-235
[28]刘云焕,李勇.陕南早寒武世生物化石辐射对称分类研究[A].中国古生物学会第十次全国代表大会暨第25届学术年会论文摘要集[C].南京：中国古生物学会,2009：24-25
[29]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.陕南早寒武世具口部的磷酸盐化Punctatus及其胚胎化石[J].古生物学报,2006,45(2)：182-194
[30]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.陕南早寒武世早期磷酸盐化Punctatus奇异星状口盘的发现及其形态功能分析[J].微体古生物学报,2006,23(1)：62-69
[31]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.瓮安生物群与宽川铺生物群中球形类化石研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(1)：5-13
[32]刘云焕.宽川铺生物群与瓮安生物群中的球形类化石研究[D].西安：长安大学,2004
[33]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.陕西宁强地区早寒武世磷酸盐化Punctatus新材料[J].古生物学报,2006,45(1)：95-101
[34]刘云焕,邵铁全,房启飞,等.陕南早寒武世早期管柱状生物化石新发现[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(3)：291-296
[35]刘云焕,邵铁全,韩健,等.陕南早寒武世早期磷酸盐化Punctatus发育模式研究[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(3)：243-248
[36]刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全,等.陕西南部早寒武世原始锥石类carinachitids两新种 记述[J].微体古生物学报,2005,22(3)：311-321
[37]冯曼.陕南宁强地区和安徽巢湖地区早寒武世小壳化石Anabarites之比较[J]微体古生物学报,2005,22(4)：412-416
[38]邵铁全,李勇,刘云焕,等.陕西宁强早寒武世磷酸盐化具星状表饰胚胎化石研究[J].微体古生物学报,2006,23(3)：275-280
[39]魏沐潮.微体古生物学简明教程[M].北京：地质出版社,1990：1-217
[40]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学[M].北京：地质出版社,1980：192-224,248-257
[41]童金南,殷鸿福.古生物学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007：1-26,210-253
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