硅系阻燃剂对木塑复合材料阻燃作用的研究
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摘要
木塑复合材料越来越受到人们的关注和重视,对其的性能要求也越来越高。许多应用领域对其有阻燃要求,因此研究木塑复合材料的阻燃性,以降低火灾的危险性并保持廉价、环保是领域研究的热点。
本文研究了四个方面：①层状硅酸盐与丙烯酸树脂高速混合制备的粘合涂层对木塑复合材料阻燃性的影响；②有机硅与有机硅改性环氧树脂高速混合制备的粘合涂层对木塑复合材料阻燃性的影响；③对不同阻燃协效剂复配的含硅阻燃涂层燃烧前后利用红外进行了结构表征,并用热分析研究了各组分的热稳定性,分析其阻燃机理；④确定最佳的含硅阻燃剂的复配涂层,并分析其阻燃机理。分析实验数据得出以下结果：
(1)单因素试验筛选出无机硅阻燃涂层中各因素的最佳用量；主要认为硅酸盐的阻燃作用是除了稀释效应和脱水效应之外,另一个则是它的膨胀效应,当受强热时,形成一连续的隔热隔氧屏障实现其阻燃功效的。所形成的涂层可能有两种结构,一种为树脂分子链插入硅酸盐片层结构中,另一种为硅酸盐剥离分散树脂基体中。
(2)正交试验分析得出有机硅M-01对耐火时间指标影响最大；主要认为硅氧基的阻燃作用是按凝聚相阻燃机理,即通过生成裂解炭层和提高炭层的抗氧化性实现其阻燃功效的。
(3)试验分析得出不同阻燃协效剂复配的含硅阻燃剂涂层的阻燃时间都有明显的提高,其中以季戊四醇复配的涂层效果最显著。其形成致密的炭层结构,多孔且闭孔的状态,形成泡沫体的外皮,使气体不置外逸。
(4)最终确定的木塑复合材料阻燃涂层的理化性能和阻燃性能均达到一定要求,阻燃体系中的硅阻燃剂的分解温度与阻燃协效剂分解产生气体的反应是在同一连续温度范围内,生成致密的定形炭化层,具有较好的隔热、隔氧的作用,能有效地阻止燃烧的继续进行。
Wood-plastic composite materials (WPC) get more and more attention from people, and the high performance is becoming more and more important. There are many applications needing the flame retardant requirements, so that it is a hot pot to study the flame retardant requirements of WPC in order to reduce the fire danger and maintain cheap, environmental protection in the field.
This paper studies the four aspects:①the influence of the glue coating made with layer silicate and acrylic resin at high speed to the flame retardancy of WPC;②the influence of the coating prepared with organic silicon and organic silicone modified epoxy at high speed to the flame retardancy of WPC;③the test uses infrared thermal to analysis the structure characterization of silicone flame retardant coating blending with different assisting element before and after burning, and the thermal stability of various components are studied by the thermo gravimetric analysis, and then its flame retardant mechanism is analyzed;④the experiment determines the best content of flame retardant formulation silicon coating and analyzes the flame retardant mechanism.
We can get the following conclusion after analyzing the experimental test results:
(1) The good formula of the inorganic silicone flame retardant coating is got through single factor experiment; it is thought that the flame retardant mechanism of silicate is not only dilution effect and dehydration effect, but also its expansion effect. While being strongly hot, it will form continuous barriers to block and insulate heat and oxygen in order to realize its flame retardant efficacy. The coating could have two kinds of structure, one is a molecular chain of resin inserting in slice layer structure of silicate. The other one is stripping silicate into matrix dispersion resins.
(2) Orthogonal analysis can conclude that the organic silicon M - 01 has the biggest influence to refractory time index; it is thought that the flame retardant mechanism of silicon oxygen radicals is including condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism. Namely it achieves its flame retardant through generating the cracking carbon layer and improving oxidation resistance of carbon layer.
(3) The test can conclude that the Flame retardant time of the silicone coating blended with different assisting element all has significantly improved; among with them the coating blending with pentaerythritol is the most significant. It forms density carbon layer structure, having the porous and closed pore state, forming foam body skin to make the gas not escape.
(4) The physico-chemical properties and flame retardant performances of the flame retardant coating Which is used for wood-plastics composites finally determined can reach certain requirements, the decomposition of silicon flame retardant and the reaction producing gas of assisting element in flame retardant system is in the same temperature range, and it can generate density and formalization carbonized layers, having good function of heat insulation and oxygen barrier, preventing the burning continuing effectively.
本文研究了四个方面：①层状硅酸盐与丙烯酸树脂高速混合制备的粘合涂层对木塑复合材料阻燃性的影响；②有机硅与有机硅改性环氧树脂高速混合制备的粘合涂层对木塑复合材料阻燃性的影响；③对不同阻燃协效剂复配的含硅阻燃涂层燃烧前后利用红外进行了结构表征,并用热分析研究了各组分的热稳定性,分析其阻燃机理；④确定最佳的含硅阻燃剂的复配涂层,并分析其阻燃机理。分析实验数据得出以下结果：
(1)单因素试验筛选出无机硅阻燃涂层中各因素的最佳用量；主要认为硅酸盐的阻燃作用是除了稀释效应和脱水效应之外,另一个则是它的膨胀效应,当受强热时,形成一连续的隔热隔氧屏障实现其阻燃功效的。所形成的涂层可能有两种结构,一种为树脂分子链插入硅酸盐片层结构中,另一种为硅酸盐剥离分散树脂基体中。
(2)正交试验分析得出有机硅M-01对耐火时间指标影响最大；主要认为硅氧基的阻燃作用是按凝聚相阻燃机理,即通过生成裂解炭层和提高炭层的抗氧化性实现其阻燃功效的。
(3)试验分析得出不同阻燃协效剂复配的含硅阻燃剂涂层的阻燃时间都有明显的提高,其中以季戊四醇复配的涂层效果最显著。其形成致密的炭层结构,多孔且闭孔的状态,形成泡沫体的外皮,使气体不置外逸。
(4)最终确定的木塑复合材料阻燃涂层的理化性能和阻燃性能均达到一定要求,阻燃体系中的硅阻燃剂的分解温度与阻燃协效剂分解产生气体的反应是在同一连续温度范围内,生成致密的定形炭化层,具有较好的隔热、隔氧的作用,能有效地阻止燃烧的继续进行。
Wood-plastic composite materials (WPC) get more and more attention from people, and the high performance is becoming more and more important. There are many applications needing the flame retardant requirements, so that it is a hot pot to study the flame retardant requirements of WPC in order to reduce the fire danger and maintain cheap, environmental protection in the field.
This paper studies the four aspects:①the influence of the glue coating made with layer silicate and acrylic resin at high speed to the flame retardancy of WPC;②the influence of the coating prepared with organic silicon and organic silicone modified epoxy at high speed to the flame retardancy of WPC;③the test uses infrared thermal to analysis the structure characterization of silicone flame retardant coating blending with different assisting element before and after burning, and the thermal stability of various components are studied by the thermo gravimetric analysis, and then its flame retardant mechanism is analyzed;④the experiment determines the best content of flame retardant formulation silicon coating and analyzes the flame retardant mechanism.
We can get the following conclusion after analyzing the experimental test results:
(1) The good formula of the inorganic silicone flame retardant coating is got through single factor experiment; it is thought that the flame retardant mechanism of silicate is not only dilution effect and dehydration effect, but also its expansion effect. While being strongly hot, it will form continuous barriers to block and insulate heat and oxygen in order to realize its flame retardant efficacy. The coating could have two kinds of structure, one is a molecular chain of resin inserting in slice layer structure of silicate. The other one is stripping silicate into matrix dispersion resins.
(2) Orthogonal analysis can conclude that the organic silicon M - 01 has the biggest influence to refractory time index; it is thought that the flame retardant mechanism of silicon oxygen radicals is including condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism. Namely it achieves its flame retardant through generating the cracking carbon layer and improving oxidation resistance of carbon layer.
(3) The test can conclude that the Flame retardant time of the silicone coating blended with different assisting element all has significantly improved; among with them the coating blending with pentaerythritol is the most significant. It forms density carbon layer structure, having the porous and closed pore state, forming foam body skin to make the gas not escape.
(4) The physico-chemical properties and flame retardant performances of the flame retardant coating Which is used for wood-plastics composites finally determined can reach certain requirements, the decomposition of silicon flame retardant and the reaction producing gas of assisting element in flame retardant system is in the same temperature range, and it can generate density and formalization carbonized layers, having good function of heat insulation and oxygen barrier, preventing the burning continuing effectively.
引文
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