松突圆蚧寄生性天敌及其控制作用的研究
|
摘要
松突圆蚧Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi是危险的森林检疫性害虫，利用寄生性天敌进行生物防治是有效遏制其危害蔓延的重要途径。本文在系统调查福建省松突圆蚧寄生性天敌资源的基础上，研究了两种重要寄生性天敌-花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的生物学特征，以及寄生蜂触角、足和外生殖器上的感觉系统：分析了寄生蜂的种间竞争关系和花角蚜小蜂在不同条件下的寄生功能反应；探讨了松突圆蚧寄生性天敌的林间放蜂技术；评价了寄生性天敌对松突圆蚧的自然控制作用。主要研究结果如下：
1．福建省松突圆蚧寄生性天敌为蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae的4属6种，其中初级寄生蜂有友恩蚜小蜂Encarsia amicula Viggiani et Ren、长缨恩蚜小蜂Encarsia citrina(Craw)、黄蚜小蜂Aphytis sp．；重寄生蜂有瘦柄花翅蚜小蜂Marietta carnesi(Howard)、双带花角蚜小蜂Ablerus perspeciosus(Girault)、长蚧花角蚜小蜂Ablerus chionaspidis(Howard)，其中首次报道双带花角蚜小蜂和长蚧花角蚜小蜂重寄生松突圆蚧。寄生松树的其它介壳虫寄生性天敌也多为蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科的寄生蜂。松突圆蚧的另一种寄生性天敌-花角蚜小蜂Coccobius azumai Tachikawa是福建省2002年从日本引进的优势种天敌，目前该蜂已在福建省顺利定殖并发挥显著的防治效果。
2．花角蚜小蜂营两性生殖和孤雌生殖两种生殖方式，两性生殖产生雌性后代，为初级寄生；孤雌生殖产生雄性后代，重寄生在同种或它种小蜂的老熟幼虫或蛹体上。友恩蚜小蜂营孤雌生殖。花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的产卵行为分成寻找、试探、产卵针插入、产卵、产卵针拔出、清理等几个步骤。解剖刚羽化的花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的生殖系统发现：花角蚜小蜂的卵巢左右成对，各由3条卵巢管组成，两侧卵巢管前端端丝形成的悬带分离，不形成中悬带；友恩蚜小蜂的卵巢也由3条卵巢管组成，但两侧卵巢管的悬带连接，形成中悬带。
对花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的产卵逐日分配的研究结果表明：饲喂20％蜂蜜水和不补充任何营养两种条件下，花角蚜小蜂产卵集中在羽化后的第1-4d，其中第2d产卵最多，饲喂20％蜂蜜水时为3.8粒(占总产卵量的36.89％)，不补充任何营养时为2.6粒(占总产卵量的44.07％)。而友恩蚜小蜂在羽化当天就产下大部分卵，饲喂20％蜂蜜水时羽化当天产5.9粒(占总产卵量的81.94％)，不补充任何营养时产2.4粒(占总产卵量的100％)。友恩蚜小蜂偏好寄生孕卵期的松突圆蚧雌成蚧，其次为产卵初期的雌成蚧，不寄生产卵末期的雌成蚧。
花角蚜小蜂对被同种其它个体寄生过的寄主具有明显的识别能力，对被友恩蚜小蜂寄生过的寄主不具有明显识别能力，能在被友恩蚜小蜂产过卵的寄主体内重复产卵。而友恩蚜小蜂对被同种其它个体或花角蚜小蜂寄生过的寄主均不具明显识别能力，可在这些寄主体内再重复产卵。
3．触角、足和外生殖器上的感觉系统在寄生蜂寻找寄主的行为中发挥着重要作用。电镜扫描结果表明：花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂雌蜂触角均具有毛形感器(Sensilla trichodea)、板形感器(Sensilla placodea)、坛形感器(Sensilla placodea)、刺形感器(Sensilla chaetica)、B(?)hm氏鬃毛(B(?)hm bristles)等5种感觉器。花角蚜小蜂雄蜂触角除这5种感觉器外，还具有腔锥形感器(Sensilla coeloconica)。花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂雌蜂足上除具有“触角清洁器”和“翅膀清洁器”外，还具有具槽感觉毛(Socketed
Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi is a kind of dangerous quarantine pest, which has caused serious damage to forests, and the utilization of parasitoids is an available approach to prevent H. pitysophila from damage and spreading. In this research, on the base of investigations on parasitoids of H. pitysophila in Fujian Province, the biological characteristics and sensory systems of the two important parasitoids Encarsia amicula Viggiani et Ren and Coccobius azumai Tachikawa, were studied. The interspecific competition between E. amicula and C. azumai, and the functional response of C. azumai were also analyzed. Moreover, a method to collect and release C. azumai was set up and the effectiveness of parasitoids on H. pitysophila was evaluated by life table. The main results obtained were as follows:
1. The parasitoids of H. pitysophila in Fujian Province were found with 6 species belonging to 4 genus in Aphelinidae. E. amicula, E. citrina (Craw) and Aphytis sp. are primary parasitoids, and Marietta carnesi (Howard), Ablerus perspeciosus (Girault) and Ablerus chionaspidis (Howard) are hyperparasitoids, the two latters are reported as hyperparasitoids of H. pitysophila for the first time. Another parasitoid, C. azumai, introduced from Japan into Fujian Province in 2002, has already established to control H.pitysophila efficiently.
2. C. azumai lay eggs with both gamogenesis and parthenogenesis. The females are primary parasitoids of H.pitysophila, which are reproduced by gamogenesis. The males are reproduced by parthenogenesis, hyperparasitizing on the mature larvae or pupae of self individuals or others. E. amicula lay eggs with parthenogenesis. The major phases of oviposition of C. azumai and E. amicula are searching, test, inserting host by ovipositor, laying eggs, drawing out ovipositor and cleaning. The reproductive systems of just emergent female C. azumai and E. amicula were dissected for illustrating. The ovary of C. azumai consists of 3 ovarioles on each side, so is E. amicula. The ligament, composed of terminal filament, of C. azumai is separate, while that of E. amicula joints to median ligament.
Daily egg-laying allocation of C. azumai and E. amicula was studied, which indicated that C. azumai may lay most of eggs within the first to the fourth day after emergence, reaching the maximum on the second day with 3.8 eggs while fed on 20% honey solution and 2.6 eggs while fed on nothing. E. amicula may lay lots of eggs on the day emergence with 5.9 eggs while fed on 20% honey solution and 2.4 eggs while fed on nothing. Meanwhile, E. amicula preferred pregnant hosts and the hosts at the preoviposition duration, and had no choice of the hosts at the postoviposition duration.
C. azumai could distinguish the hosts parasitized by conspecific parasitoids, but could not distinguish the ones parasitized by E. amicula. E. amicula may lay eggs repeatedly in the hosts parasitized by conspecific
1．福建省松突圆蚧寄生性天敌为蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae的4属6种，其中初级寄生蜂有友恩蚜小蜂Encarsia amicula Viggiani et Ren、长缨恩蚜小蜂Encarsia citrina(Craw)、黄蚜小蜂Aphytis sp．；重寄生蜂有瘦柄花翅蚜小蜂Marietta carnesi(Howard)、双带花角蚜小蜂Ablerus perspeciosus(Girault)、长蚧花角蚜小蜂Ablerus chionaspidis(Howard)，其中首次报道双带花角蚜小蜂和长蚧花角蚜小蜂重寄生松突圆蚧。寄生松树的其它介壳虫寄生性天敌也多为蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科的寄生蜂。松突圆蚧的另一种寄生性天敌-花角蚜小蜂Coccobius azumai Tachikawa是福建省2002年从日本引进的优势种天敌，目前该蜂已在福建省顺利定殖并发挥显著的防治效果。
2．花角蚜小蜂营两性生殖和孤雌生殖两种生殖方式，两性生殖产生雌性后代，为初级寄生；孤雌生殖产生雄性后代，重寄生在同种或它种小蜂的老熟幼虫或蛹体上。友恩蚜小蜂营孤雌生殖。花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的产卵行为分成寻找、试探、产卵针插入、产卵、产卵针拔出、清理等几个步骤。解剖刚羽化的花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的生殖系统发现：花角蚜小蜂的卵巢左右成对，各由3条卵巢管组成，两侧卵巢管前端端丝形成的悬带分离，不形成中悬带；友恩蚜小蜂的卵巢也由3条卵巢管组成，但两侧卵巢管的悬带连接，形成中悬带。
对花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂的产卵逐日分配的研究结果表明：饲喂20％蜂蜜水和不补充任何营养两种条件下，花角蚜小蜂产卵集中在羽化后的第1-4d，其中第2d产卵最多，饲喂20％蜂蜜水时为3.8粒(占总产卵量的36.89％)，不补充任何营养时为2.6粒(占总产卵量的44.07％)。而友恩蚜小蜂在羽化当天就产下大部分卵，饲喂20％蜂蜜水时羽化当天产5.9粒(占总产卵量的81.94％)，不补充任何营养时产2.4粒(占总产卵量的100％)。友恩蚜小蜂偏好寄生孕卵期的松突圆蚧雌成蚧，其次为产卵初期的雌成蚧，不寄生产卵末期的雌成蚧。
花角蚜小蜂对被同种其它个体寄生过的寄主具有明显的识别能力，对被友恩蚜小蜂寄生过的寄主不具有明显识别能力，能在被友恩蚜小蜂产过卵的寄主体内重复产卵。而友恩蚜小蜂对被同种其它个体或花角蚜小蜂寄生过的寄主均不具明显识别能力，可在这些寄主体内再重复产卵。
3．触角、足和外生殖器上的感觉系统在寄生蜂寻找寄主的行为中发挥着重要作用。电镜扫描结果表明：花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂雌蜂触角均具有毛形感器(Sensilla trichodea)、板形感器(Sensilla placodea)、坛形感器(Sensilla placodea)、刺形感器(Sensilla chaetica)、B(?)hm氏鬃毛(B(?)hm bristles)等5种感觉器。花角蚜小蜂雄蜂触角除这5种感觉器外，还具有腔锥形感器(Sensilla coeloconica)。花角蚜小蜂和友恩蚜小蜂雌蜂足上除具有“触角清洁器”和“翅膀清洁器”外，还具有具槽感觉毛(Socketed
Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi is a kind of dangerous quarantine pest, which has caused serious damage to forests, and the utilization of parasitoids is an available approach to prevent H. pitysophila from damage and spreading. In this research, on the base of investigations on parasitoids of H. pitysophila in Fujian Province, the biological characteristics and sensory systems of the two important parasitoids Encarsia amicula Viggiani et Ren and Coccobius azumai Tachikawa, were studied. The interspecific competition between E. amicula and C. azumai, and the functional response of C. azumai were also analyzed. Moreover, a method to collect and release C. azumai was set up and the effectiveness of parasitoids on H. pitysophila was evaluated by life table. The main results obtained were as follows:
1. The parasitoids of H. pitysophila in Fujian Province were found with 6 species belonging to 4 genus in Aphelinidae. E. amicula, E. citrina (Craw) and Aphytis sp. are primary parasitoids, and Marietta carnesi (Howard), Ablerus perspeciosus (Girault) and Ablerus chionaspidis (Howard) are hyperparasitoids, the two latters are reported as hyperparasitoids of H. pitysophila for the first time. Another parasitoid, C. azumai, introduced from Japan into Fujian Province in 2002, has already established to control H.pitysophila efficiently.
2. C. azumai lay eggs with both gamogenesis and parthenogenesis. The females are primary parasitoids of H.pitysophila, which are reproduced by gamogenesis. The males are reproduced by parthenogenesis, hyperparasitizing on the mature larvae or pupae of self individuals or others. E. amicula lay eggs with parthenogenesis. The major phases of oviposition of C. azumai and E. amicula are searching, test, inserting host by ovipositor, laying eggs, drawing out ovipositor and cleaning. The reproductive systems of just emergent female C. azumai and E. amicula were dissected for illustrating. The ovary of C. azumai consists of 3 ovarioles on each side, so is E. amicula. The ligament, composed of terminal filament, of C. azumai is separate, while that of E. amicula joints to median ligament.
Daily egg-laying allocation of C. azumai and E. amicula was studied, which indicated that C. azumai may lay most of eggs within the first to the fourth day after emergence, reaching the maximum on the second day with 3.8 eggs while fed on 20% honey solution and 2.6 eggs while fed on nothing. E. amicula may lay lots of eggs on the day emergence with 5.9 eggs while fed on 20% honey solution and 2.4 eggs while fed on nothing. Meanwhile, E. amicula preferred pregnant hosts and the hosts at the preoviposition duration, and had no choice of the hosts at the postoviposition duration.
C. azumai could distinguish the hosts parasitized by conspecific parasitoids, but could not distinguish the ones parasitized by E. amicula. E. amicula may lay eggs repeatedly in the hosts parasitized by conspecific
引文
艾洪木，赵士熙．1999．茶毛虫及其天敌的生态位．福建农业大学学报，28(3)：325-329．
包建中，古德祥．1998．中国生物防治．山西科学技术出版社．P315，P329-336．
包为民，何国锋，卢爱平，等．1993．范氏黄蚜小蜂的研究．昆虫天敌，15(1)：1-5．
蔡晓明，阎桂云．1991．七星瓢虫对麦长管蚜捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究．生态学报，11(2)：97-103．
陈佩珍，陈芝卿，连俊和，等．1990．松突圆蚧空间分布型的初步研究．林业科学研究，3(6)：629-632．
陈少波．陈伟，何朝晖．1996．粉蚧长索跳小蜂对堆蜡粉蚧的寄主选择性和功能反应．福建农业学报，11(2)：37-40．
陈顺立，武福华，侯沁文．2004．松突圆蚧生物学特性的研究．福建林业科技，31(2)：1-4．
陈永革，古德祥．1995．松突圆蚧种群分布的空间格局研究．中山大学学报(自然科学版)，34(4)：122-124．
陈永革，古德祥．1997．松突圆蚧种群动态研究．生态科学。16(2)：18-20．
陈永革，古德祥．1998．松突圆蚧与松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂种间关系研究．昆虫天敌，20(3)：136-142．
陈泽藩，杨肇兴，陈云兴．1985．松突圆蚧生物学特性研究初报．广东林业科技，(5)：26-29．
陈泽藩，杨肇兴，徐家雄，等．1988．十五种松树对松突圆蚧抗性的初步研究．森林病虫通讯，(2)：1-2．
陈芝卿，连俊和．1989．修枝间伐对松突圆蚧抑制作用的研究．林业科学研究，2(4)：388-393．
丛斌．1998．Wolbachm与寄生蜂的孤雌生殖．植物保护21世纪展望．北京：中国科学技术出版社．P665-669．
戴建昌，林乃铨．2000．中国林木害虫寄生蜂研究概况．昆虫天敌，22(3)：116-122．
戴玲美．1988．赤眼蜂雌虫触角．昆虫知识，21(1)：109-116．
丁德诚，唐贤汉，杜家纬，等．1988．松突圆蚧交配行为的研究．昆虫学研究集刊，第8集：88．
丁德诚，潘务耀，唐子颖，等．1992．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂对寄主的选择．昆虫学研究集刊，第11集：35-42．
丁德诚，潘务耀，谢国林，等．1995．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂的生物学．昆虫学报，38(1)：46-52．
丁岩钦，陈玉平．1986．中华草蛉对棉蚜与棉铃虫的捕食作用研究．生物防治通报，2(3)：97-102．
丁岩钦．1994．昆虫数学生态学．北京：科学出版社．P236-243，P256-259，P304-306．
杜家纬，丁德诚，许少甫，等．1991．松突圆蚧性信息素的初步研究Ⅰ：粗提物的活性及分离方法．昆虫学研究集刊，第10集：45-50．
段金花，张润杰．2004．六斑月瓢虫对菊小长管蚜的捕食作用．昆虫学报，47(2)：213-218．
高连喜，季清娥，黄居昌，等．2004．黄色潜蝇茧蜂寄生功能反应的研究．华东昆虫学报，13(2)：31-35．
高其康，胡萃．1993．野蚕黑卵蜂触角感器的超微结构研究．浙江农业大学学报，19(4)：399-404．
弓淑芬，戴华国，许月华等．2004．3种赤眼蜂雌蜂触角上感器的扫描电镜观察．南京农业大学学报，27(2)：55-59．
宫亚军，张天栋．1990．来杀毙缓释剂防治松突圆蚧试验初报．森林病虫通讯，(2)：24-24．
古德祥，陈永革．1998．松突圆蚧种群生命表与花角蚜小蜂的寄生作用的研究．昆虫天敌，20(1)：156-163．
古德祥，李顺珍，卢爱平．1995a．印巴黄蚜小蜂的引进及其生物学研究．中山大学学报论丛，(2)：3-6．
古德祥，卢爱平，姚传森，等．1995b．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅱ：印巴黄蚜小蜂防治红圆蚧的田间试验．昆虫天敌，15(2)：64-67．
古德祥，张古忍，张润杰，等．2000．中国南方害虫生物防治50周年回顾．昆虫学报，43(3)：327-335．
古德祥，张古忍，陈永革，等．2002．马尾松、松突圆蚧与花角蚜小蜂的相互关系．中国生物防治，18(增刊)：5-8．
顾茂彬，1989．松突圆蚧种群数量的调查与分析．林业科学研究，2(6)：611-612．
顾茂彬，连俊和．1990．松突圆蚧对马尾松危害程度与生态因子关系的研究．林业科学研究，3(6)：562-567．
广东省林业厅森防站．1988．红点唇瓢虫对松突圆蚧控制作用的研究．昆虫天敌，10(2)：63-69．
郭明昉．1985．稻螟赤眼蜂与其他赤眼蜂对寄主的辨别及种问竞争关系研究．昆虫天敌，7(4)：192-200．
韩桂仲，李自朝，刘顺通，等．2001．菜豆田两种潜叶蝇和主要天敌生态位研究．昆虫知识，38(1)：39-43．
韩诗畴，陈巧贤，刘文惠，等．1993．荔蝽卵平腹小蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂种间对寄主竞争的研究．昆虫天敌，15(1)：10-13．
何国锋，包为民，卢爱平．1995a．松突圆蚧寄生蜂室内大量繁殖和林间释放研究．中国生物防治，11(3)：101-105．
何国锋，包为民，卢爱平．1995b．松突圆蚧寄生蜂优势种及引进寄生蜂的繁殖利用研究Ⅰ．寄生蜂种类的调查、采集、引进和中间寄主的饲养研究．昆虫天敌，17(1)：42-46．
何丽芬．1984．螟卵啮小蜂触角感受器的研究．昆虫学集刊，(4)：71-75．
何雪香，刘清浪．1991．不同海拔高度松突圆蚧生长发育的研究．广东林业科技，(2)：11-16．
何余容，吕利华，陈科伟．2004．拟澳洲赤眼蜂和短管赤眼蜂在米蛾卵上的种间竞争．应用生态学报，15(12)：2401-2404．
何余容，吕利华，陈科伟，等．2005．两种赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵的寄生能力和种间竞争．生态学报，25(4)：837-841．
侯沁文．2003．松突圆蚧生态学特征的研究(硕士学位论文)．福建福州：福建农林大学．
侯沁文，陈顺立，武福华，等．2004．松突圆蚧空间分布型的研究．华东昆虫学报，13(1)：72-76．
侯照远，严福顺．1997．寄生蜂寄主选择行为研究进展．昆虫学报，4(1)：94-107．
胡艳红，陈顺立．杨爱民．2004a．松突圆蚧的发育起点温度与有效积温的测定．福建林业科技，3l(2)：9-11．
胡艳红，刘新，陈顺立．2004b．三种药剂及复配剂对松突圆蚧的毒力测定．华东昆虫学报，13(2)：80-83．
黄建．1994．中国蚜小蜂科分类．重庆：重庆出版社，P1-348．P156-158
黄建，王竹红，林庆源．2005．松突圆蚧2种重寄生蜂的记述．福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)，34(2)：148-152．
黄茂俊，等．1988．松突圆蚧大发生对马尾松生长影响的调查，广东林业科技，(3)：5-7．
黄寿山，戴志一，吴达璋，等．1995．温度对玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生功能反应的影响．华南农业大学学报，16(3)：30-33．
黄寿山，戴志一，吴达璋．1996．玉米螟赤眼蜂自身密度的干扰效应研究．昆虫知识．33(2)：108-110．
黄振裕．2001．森林有害生物松突圆蚧的危险性分析．华东昆虫学报，10(2)：101-104．
黄振裕，陈顺立，林庆源．2005．混合杀虫剂对松突圆蚧的药效试验．福建林学院学报，25(1)：43-46．
蒋青，梁忆冰，王乃扬，等．1995．有害生物危险性评价的定量分析方法研究．植物检疫．9(4)：208-211．
荆英，黄建，马瑞燕，等．2004．小黑瓢虫与其竞争种作用系统研究：种间竞争．应用生态学报，15(4)：731-733．
兰亦全，赵士熙，柯伟阳．2002．美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生性天敌的生态位．华东昆虫学报，11(2)：84-87．
李超，丁岩钦．1982．草间小黑蛛对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究：(Ⅱ)捕食者—各种猎物的研究．生态学报，2(4)：363-373．
李超．1983．草间小黑蛛对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究——Ⅲ．模拟模型的进一步研究．生态学报，2(3)：239-254．
李庆宝，施祖华，刘树生．2004．菜蛾啮小蜂的寄主辨别能力和种间竞争．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，30(2)：164-168．
李顺珍，古德祥．1993a．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅳ：印巴黄蚜小蜂个体发育研究．昆虫天敌．15(4)：175-178．
李顺珍，古德祥．1993b．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅲ．印巴黄蚜小蜂对不同发育阶段寄主茶长本圆蚧的选择和子代性比．昆虫天敌。15(4)：151-154．
李顺珍，曾虹，卢爱平，等．1993c．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅰ：印巴黄蚜小蜂的引进和实验饲养．昆虫天敌，15(2)：60-63．
李学荣，洪健，亦芬，等．1999．烟蚜茧蜂成虫的电镜扫描观察[J]．电子显微学报，18(增刊)：227-228．
李意德，王宝生．1990a．松突圆蚧危害与森林植被特征关系的调查研究．广东林业科技，(4)：6-9．
李意德，顾茂彬．1990b．松突圆蚧危害程度划分的研究．林业科学研究，3(4)：411-415．
李照会，郑方强，叶保华，等．1993．异色瓢虫对白毛蚜捕食作用的研究．昆虫学报，36(4)：438-443．
连俊和，唐子颖．1985．“82”乳剂防治松突圆蚧试验．林业科技通讯，(9)：29-31．
连俊和，唐子颖，王军．1986．飞机喷洒松脂柴油乳剂防治松突圆蚧示范试验．林业科技通讯。(2)：13-16．
梁承丰．1988．松突圆蚧天敌研究初报．林业科技通讯，(6)：19-24．
梁铬球，陈振耀．1990．松突圆蚧寄生蜂调查初报．昆虫天敌。12(1)：1-6．
廖宝义，连俊和．1992．修枝间伐对被松突圆蚧危害的马尾松生长及虫口密度的影响．林业科技通讯，(5)：5-9．
林业部森林植物检疫防治所综防测报室．1989．松突圆蚧自然扩散距离研究初报．森林病虫通讯，(3)：24-25．
刘清浪，张钦泉．1990．松突圆蚧发育起点温度和有效积温的测定及应用．中南林学院学报，10(2)：149-154．
刘清浪，张钦泉．1992．松突圆蚧向北蔓延可能性的研究．广东林业科技，(2)：6-14．
刘树生．2004．天敌动物对害虫控制作用的评估方法及其应用策略．中国生物防治，20(1)：1-7．
卢爱平．1996．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂雌蜂头部扫描电镜研究．昆虫天敌，18(2)：60-63．
陆剑锋，邱鸿贵，邱中良，等．2005．啮小蜂视觉和触角在交配中的作用观察．昆虫天敌．27(1)：15-20．
陆庆光．1992．禾螟赤眼蜂的功能反应研究．生物防治通报，8(4)：151-154．
陆庆光．1996．国外天敌引种与外来有害生物的持续控制．植物保护，22(6)：44-45．
缪勇．2003．棉蚜及其捕食性天敌时空生态位研究．应用生态学报，14(4)：549-552．
牟吉元，徐洪富，荣秀兰．1996．普通昆虫学．中国农业出版社．P333．
牟吉元，徐洪富，李火苟．1997．昆虫生态与农业害虫预测预报．北京：中国农业出版社．P6-27．
欧晓明，江汉华，陈常铭．1998．茶毒蛾黑卵蜂的功能反应．昆虫天敌，20(1)：13-18．
潘务耀，唐子颖，谢国林，等．1987a．我国南方一种新的林业大害虫——松突圆蚧的研究(蚧总科：盾蚧科)．昆虫学研究集刊，第7集：177-189．
潘务耀，唐子颖，连俊和，等．1987b．松脂柴油乳剂防治松突圆蚧的研究．森林病虫通讯，(1)：14-17．
潘务耀，唐子颖，陈泽藩．1989a．松突圆蚧生物学特性及防治的研究．森林病虫通讯，(1)：1-6．
潘务耀，陈世兰，连俊和，等．1989b．枝孢霉防治松突圆蚧试验初报．森林病虫通讯，(3)：22-23．
潘务耀，唐子颖，谢国林，等．1993a．引进花角蚜小蜂防治松突圆蚧的研究报告．林业科学研究，(6)：1-8．
潘务耀，唐子颖，谢国林，等．1993b．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂引进和利用的研究．森林病虫通讯，(1)：15-18．
潘务耀，唐子颖，丁德诚，等．1993c．四种杀虫剂对松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂的毒性试验．森林病虫通讯，(3)：32-34．
潘务耀，唐子颖．1994．花角蚜小蜂输引程序概要．昆虫天敌，16(3)：123-126．
潘志萍．2001．两种外引寄生蜂生物学及生态学特性研究．华南农业大学硕士学位论文．
潘志萍，曾玲，陈沐荣，等．2004．湿地松粉蚧三种寄生蜂蛹及蛹壳的比较．昆虫天敌，26(3)：101-104．
庞雄飞，梁广文，尤民生．1986．种群生命系统研究方法概述．昆虫天敌，8(3)：176-186．
庞雄飞，梁广文，尤民生，等．1988．昆虫种群生命系统研究的状态方程．华南农业大学学报，9(2)：1-10．
庞雄飞，梁广文．1995．害虫种群系统的控制．广州：广东科技出版社．P24-26．
蒲蛰龙．1978．害虫生物防治的原理和方法．科学出版社．
钱明惠．2003．我国松突圆蚧研究进展．广东林业科技，19(4)：51-55．
钱明惠．2005．双斑蚜小蜂和昆虫生长调节剂对烟粉虱的生理调空．华南农业大学博士学位论文．Pⅰ．
秦玉川．蔡宁华，黄可训．1991，山楂叶螨、苹果全爪螨及其捕食性天敌生态位的研究Ⅰ——时间与空间生态位、生态学报，11(4)：331-337．
任顺祥，郭振中．熊继文，等．2001．二双斑唇瓢虫对矢尖蚧的捕食作用．生态学报，21(10)：1602-1606．
师光禄，席银宝．王海香，等．2003．枣园生态系统中主要害虫、天敌生态位及种间竞争的研究．林业科学，39(5)：78-86．
施祖华，F．B．Gebremeskel，刘树生．2001．颈双缘姬蜂与菜蛾啮小蜂的种间竞争．中国生物防治，17(3)：112-115．
施祖华，李庆宝，李欣，等．2003a．弯尾姬蜂与菜蛾啮小蜂的种间竞争关系．中国生物防治，19(3)：97-102．
施祖华，刘树生．2003b．小菜蛾主要寄生性天敌——菜蛾绒茧蜂与菜蛾啮小蜂间的相互作用．应用生态学报，14(6)：949-954．
施祖华，李庆宝，李欣，等．2004．半闭弯尾姬蜂与菜蛾盘绒茧蜂寄生菜蛾幼虫时的种间竞争．昆虫学报，47(3)：342-348．
松突圆蚧综合防治试验组．1986．松突圆蚧生物学特性及发生规律的研究．林业科技通讯，5：3-7．
苏建伟，盛承发．2002．棉田两种瓢虫与叶色草蛉干扰竞争初探．中国棉花，29(8)：16-17．
唐启粮．2005．调整松林密度控制清源山松突圆蚧危害的试验．福建林业科技，32(1)：48-51．
唐贤汉，丁德诚，朱俊伟，等．1989．保幼激素类似物ZR-777对松突圆蚧发育影响的初步研究．昆虫学研究集刊，第九集，91-94．
唐子颖，翁锦泅，邱鸿铮。等．1993．飞机撒放花角蚜小蜂防治松突圆蚧试验．林业科技通讯，(7)：21-23．
童国健，唐子颖，潘务耀．1988．松突圆蚧自然种群数量消长规律的研究．林业科技通讯．(2)：6-11．
童国健，黄茂俊，徐世多．1998．花角蚜小蜂防治松突圆蚧技术的应用．森林病虫通讯．(2)：23-24．
童应华．2004a．松突圆蚧种群动态的研究(硕士毕业论文)．福建福州：福建农林大学．
童应华，杨爱民，张飞萍，等．2004b．松突圆蚧危害与马尾松胸围关系的探讨．福建林业科技．31(2)：49-51．
汪忠炫．1990．药剂防治松突圆蚧的试验初报．广东林业科技，(1)：16-23．
王东昌，袁忠林，罗兰，等．2001．异色瓢虫对桃大尾蚜的捕食作用研究．植物保护．27(1)：29-30．
王刚，赵松岭，张鹏云，等．1984．关于生态位定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式改进的研究．生态学报，4(2)：119-127．
王联德，尤民生，王谨．1999．桔潜蛾及其天敌的生态位．福建农业大学学报，28(3)：319-324．
王联德．2003．蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素对烟粉虱种群系统的控制作用(博士学位论文)．福州：福建农林大学．
王明旭．1993．四种森林植物检疫对象在湖南的适生性初探．湖南林业科技，20(4)：19-22．
王竹红，黄建，梁智生，等．2004．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂的引种与利用．福建农林大学学报，33(3)：313-317．
王竹红，黄建，林庆源，等．2005．松突圆蚧寄生性天敌的调查及种类鉴定．福建农林大学学报，34(2)：153-157．
王子清．1992．寄生马尾松常见蚧虫的分布特征．森林病虫通讯，(3)：32-35．
魏初奖．2002．松突圆蚧等5种松树有害生物在福建省潜在危险性的定量分析．华东昆虫学报，11(2)：57-62．
吴才宏．1993．棉铃虫雄蛾触角的毛形感器对其性信息素组分及类似物的反应．昆虫学报，36(4)：385-389．
吴进才．1993．稻田主要捕食性天敌的栖境生态位与捕食作用分析．昆虫学报，36(3)：323-331．
吴坤君，盛承发，龚佩瑜．2004．捕食性昆虫的功能反应方程及其参数的估算．昆虫知识，41(3)：267-269．
吴美良，刘秀琼．1994．几种植物油对松突圆蚧初孵若虫的忌避作用试验．昆虫知识，31(1)：28-30．
吴太平．周昌清．1992a．松突圆蚧冷冻试验及其潜在地理范围北界的推测．生态科学，(1)：62-66．
吴太平，周昌清．1992b．松突圆蚧初孵若虫行为特征的研究．生态科学，(1)：57-61．
吴伟坚，沈叔平，魏洪义．1989．红点唇瓢虫对松突圆蚧的功能反应．昆虫天敌，11(1)：28-30．
伍建芬．1990．松突圆蚧形态．广东林业科技，(6)：3-5．
谢国林，胡金林，李去惑，等．1984．广东省松突圆蚧调查初报．森林病虫通讯，(1)：39-41．
谢国林，邹德靖，潘务耀，等．1997．花角蚜小蜂对松突圆蚧的控制效能及其稳定作用的评估．昆虫学报，40(2)：135-143．
徐汝梅．1987．昆虫种群生态学．北京：北京师范大学出版社．P303-317．
徐颖，洪健，胡萃．2000．蝶蛹金小蜂触角感受器的超微结构研究．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，26(4)：394-398．
徐志宏，黄建．2004．中国介壳虫寄生蜂志，上海科学技术出版社．P1，P9-13．
杨奉才．1994．麦蚜及其天敌生态位的初步研究．华东昆虫学报，3(2)：69-72．
杨龙龙，吴燕如，周伟儒．1997．苹果园中凹唇壁蜂和紫壁蜂的生态位比较研究．昆虫学报，40(3)：265-270．
杨平澜．1982．中国蚧虫分类概要．上海：上海科学技术出版社．P197-199．
杨笑如，钟景辉，吴一鹏，等．2005．松突圆蚧若虫空间格局的研究．江西植保，28(1)：5-7．
杨义群．1983．关于生态位重叠与相似的度量．生态学报，4(2)：119-127．
杨曾奖．1990．马尾松受松突圆蚧为害的程度与土壤条件关系的研究．广东林业科技，(2)：8-14．
叶燕华，陈沐荣．2001．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂种群下降原因初析．林业科技通讯，(12)：19-21．
尹新明，高艳，王高平，等．2003．寄生蜂感受器的形态与功能．河南农业大学学报，37(2)：129-132．
虞国跃，庞虹．1992．广东松材瓢虫研究．昆虫天敌(广东)，14(1)：13-18．
张桂筠，肖蔼祥，1992．蝇蛹俑小蜂、丽蝇蛹集金小蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察．昆虫学报，2：35(20)：154-159．
张学武．古德祥，周之铭．1991．两种寄生蜂竞争能力的研究．昆虫天敌，13(2)：75-78．
张学武，古德祥，周之铭．1993a．松突圆蚧(Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi)寄生蜂Aphytis sp．的寄生与摄食研究．生态学报．13(2)：135-138．
张学武，古德祥．1993b．三种寄生物与一种寄主的系统模型研究．生态学报，17(1)：29-35．
张学武，古德祥．1994．红圆蚧三种寄生蜂的相互竞争研究．生态科学，(1)：94-99．
张学武，古德祥，周之铭．1995．松突圆蚧黑蚜小蜂的产卵分布．昆虫知识，32(3)：156-159．
赵冬香，陈宗懋，程家安．2001．迷宫漏斗蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应．植物保护，27(4)：1-3．
赵善欢．刘秀琼．黄彰欣，等．1993．松突圆蚧的化学防治．昆虫学报，36(2)：177-184．
赵士熙，吴中孚，杨章华．1991．水稻3种飞虱生态位的研究．福建农学院学报，20(4)：385-390．
赵士熙，吴中孚．1992．水稻3种螟虫生态位的研究．见：万方浩，康乐主编：青年生态学论从(二)，北京：中国科学技术出版社，P244-248．
赵士熙，卓文禧，罗肖南．1993．稻飞虱卵寄生蜂—缨小蜂资源生态位的研究．华东昆虫学报，2(1)：54-59．
赵修复，等．1982．害虫生物防治(福建农学院主编)．农业出版社．P16，P214-220．
赵修复．1999．害虫生物防治(第三版)．中国农业出版社．P113．
赵志模，郭依泉．1990．群落生态学原理与方法．重庆：科学技术文献出版社重庆分社．P81-89．
钟景辉，黄衍庆，傅辉松．等．2004．松突圆蚧危害的风险性分析．广西林业科学，33(4)：182-185．
钟景辉．2005．松突圆蚧虫口数量与危害程度的关系．华东昆虫学报，14(2)：155-158．
周集中，陈常铭．1986．拟环纹狼蛛对褐飞虱的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究Ⅰ．功能反应．生物防治通报．2(1)：2-9．
周祥悦．1991．加勒比松对松突圆蚧的抗性初探．广东林业科技，(1)：35-36．
朱建雄．1999．松突圆蚧防治研究最新进展．林业科技，24(1)：31-33．
邹运鼎，耿继光，陈高潮，等．1996．异色瓢虫若虫对麦三叉蚜的捕食作用．应用生态学报，7(2)：197-200．
Abdelrahman I. 1974. Studies in ovipositional behavior and control of sex in Aphytis melinus DeBach, a parasitoid of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask). Auat J. Zool, 22: 231-247.
Alaams T J. 1991. Heliothis virescens: Response characteristics of receptor neurons in Sensilla Trichodea type 1 and type 2 Tor J. Almaasl and Hanna Mustapartal. J.Chen.Ecol., 17(5): 953-972.
Altner H. 1977. Insect sensillum specificity and structure: an approach to a new typology. In: LeMagnen, J., Macleod, P. (Eds.), Olfaction and taste, Vol. 6. London-Washington Information Retrieval, 295-304.
Altner H, Prillinger L. 1980. Ultrastructure of invertebrate chemo-, thermo-, and hygroreceptors and its functional significance. Int. Rev. Cyto., 67: 69-139.
Anand Persad, Ayub Khan, Persad A, et al. 2000. The effect of five insecticides on Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and its natural enemies Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant and Scymnus coccivora aiyar (Coleoptera: Co). International Pest Control, 42(5): 170-173.
Arai T, Mishiro K. 2004. Development of Allotropa cirri Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Anagyrus subalbipes Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Homoptera: pseudococcidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39(3): 505-510.
Austin A D, Browning T O. 1981. A mechanism for movement of eggs along insect ovipositors. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 10: 93-108.
Barlin M R, Vinson S B. 1981a. Multiporous plate sensilla in antennae of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Int.J. Insect Morphol.Embryol. 10: 29-42.
Barlin M R, Vinson S B, Piper G I. 1981b. Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the cockroach-egg parasitoid Tetrastichush agenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). J. Morphol, 168: 97-108.
Beddington J R. 1975. Mutual interference between parasites or predators and its effect on searching efficiency, J. Anita. Ecol., 44: 331-340.
Bernal J S, Luck R F, Morse J G. 1999. Host influences on sex ratio, longevity, and egg load of two Metaphycus species parasitic on soft scales: implications for insectary rearing. Entomologia Experimental is et Applicata, 92(2): 191-204.
Bertschy C, Turlings T C J, Bellotti A C et al. 2001. The role of mealybug-induced cassava plant volatiles in the attraction of the encyrtid parasitoids Aenasius vexans and Apoanagyrus diversicornis. Journal of insect behavior, 14(3): 363-371.
Bokononganta A H, Neuenschwander P, Vanalphen J J M, et al. 1995. Host stage selection and see allocation by Agnagyrus mangicola (Hynenoptera, Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hem., Pseudococcidae). Biological Control, 5(4): 479-486.
Bokononganta A H, Vanalphen J J M, Neuenschwander P. 1996. Competition between Gyranusoidea tebygi and AnagyrusMangicola, parasitoids of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invandens interspecific host discriminationg and larval competition. Entomologia Experimental is et Applicata, 79(2): 179-185.
Boyce A M. 1987. Odyssey of an Entomologist. Riverside, CA: UC Riverside Foundation.
Brown P E, Anderson M. 1998. Morphology and ultrastructure of sense organs on the ovipositor of Trybliographa rapae, a parasitoid of the cabbage root fly. Journal of Insect Physiology, 44: 1017-1025.
Calatayud P A, Seligmann C D, Polania M A, et al. 2001. Influence of parasitism by encyrtid parasitoids on the feeding behaviour of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus herreni. Entomologia Experimental is et Applicatai 98(3): 271-278.
Catherine Bertschy, Turlings Ted C J, Anthony Bellotti, et al 2000. Host stage preference and sex allocatio in Aenasius vexans, an encyrtidparasitoid of the cassava mealybug. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 95(3): 283-291.
Ceballo F A, Walter G H. 2004. Life history parameters and biocontrol potential of the mealybug parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): asexuality, fecundity and ovipositional patterns. Biological Control. 29(2): 235-244.
Colwell R K, Futuyma D T. 1971. On the measurement of niche breadth and over-lap. Ecology, 52(4):567-576.
Compere H, Smith H S. 1932. The control of the citrophilus mealybug, Pseudococcus gahani, by Australian parasites. Hilgardia, 6:585-618.
Cuperus P L. 1983. A comparative electron microcopical study on antennae of small ermine moths (Lepidoptera:Yponmeutidae). Ph. D. dissertation, Sweden.
Daane K M, Malakar-Kuenen R D, Walton V M. 2004. Temperature-dependent development of Anagyrus pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as a parasitoid of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biological Control, 31(2): 123-132.
Dean H A, Schuster M F, Boling J C. et al. 1979. Complete biological control of Antonina graminis in Texas with Neodusmetia sangwani (a classical example). Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 25: 262-267.
DeBach P, Landi J H. 1961. The introduced purple scale parasite, Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere, and a method of integrating chemical with biological control. Hilgardia, 31: 459-497.
DeBacha P, Sundby R A. 1963. Competitive displacement between ecological homologues. Hilgardia, 34: 105-166.
DeBach P, Argyriou L C. 1967. The colonization and success in Greece of some imported Aphytis spp. (Hym. Aphelinidae) parasitic on citrus scale insects (Hom. Diaspididae). Entomophaga, 12: 325-342.
DeBach P, Rosen D, Kennett C E. 1971. Biological control of coccids by introduced natural enemies. In: Biological Control, ed.C.B.Huffaker, pp 165-194. New York: Plenum press.
DeBach P, Rosen D. 1976. Armoured scale insects. In: Studies in Biological Control, ed. V. L. Delucchi, pp. 139-178. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
DeBach P, Rosen D. 1982. Aphytis yanonensis n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasite of Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Kontyu, 50:626-634.
DeBach P, Rosen D. 1991. Biological Control by Natural Enemies. (Second Edition) Cambridge University Press, UK. pp.251-252.
Den Otter C J, Thomas G. 1979. Olfactory preference in insects: a synthesis of behaviour and electrophysiology.Preference Behaviors and Chemoreception, 171-182.
Dorn B, Mattiacci L, Bellotti A C, et al. 2001. Host specificity and comparative foraging behaviour of Aenasius vexansand, Acerophagus coccois, two endo-parasitoids of the cassava mealybug. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 99(3): 331-339.
FAO. 1996. Guidelines for pest risk analysis. International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (Publications No.2). Secretariat of the IPPC. FAO, Rome.
Filitsa Karamaouna, Michael J W, Copland. 2000. Host suitability, quality and host size preference of Leptomastix epona and Pseudaphycus flavidulus, two endoparasitoids of the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni, and host size effect on parasitoid sex ratio and clutch size. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 96(2): 149-158.
Fujii Ket al. 1986. A simple generalized model of attack by predator and parasites. Ecol. Res., 1(2): 141-156.
Furuhashi K, Nishino M. 1983. Biological control of arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis, by parasitic wasps introduced from the People's Republic of China. Entomophaga, 28: 277-286.
Greathead D J. 1971. A review of biological control in the Ethopian region. CIBC Tech. Commum. 5.
Hassell M P. 1969. A population model for the interaction between Cyzenis albicans and Operophtera brumata at Wytham Berkshire. J. Anim. Ecol.,38: 567-576.
Hassell M P. 1978. The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator-Prey System. Princeton Uni. Press, Princeton.
Hayat M. 1983 The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Syst.Ent., 8: 63-102.
Hayat M. 1989. A revision of the species of Encarsia Foerster (Hym.,Aphelinidae) from India and the adjacent countries. Oriental Insect, 23: 1-131.
Holling C S. 1959. Some characteristics of simple types of population and parasitism. Canad.Ent, 91:385-398.
Huang J, Polaszek A. 1998. A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae. Aphidoidea). Journal of Natural History, 32: 1825-1966.
Huffaker C B, Kennett C E, Tassan R L. 1986. Comparisons of parasitism and desities of Parlatoria oleae (1952-1982) in relation to ecological theory. Amer. Nat. 128:379-393.
Islam K S, Copland M J W. 2000. Influence of egg load and oviposition time interval on the host discrimination and offspring survival of Anagyrus pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of entomological research. 90(1): 69-75.
Jalali S K, Singh S P, Biswas S R. 2000. Parasitisation behaviour of Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) at various densities of Planococcus citri Risso. Journal of Entomological Research, 24(2): 159-162.
Karamaouna F, Copland M J W. 2000. Oviposition behaviour, influence of experience on host size selection, and niche overlap of the solitary Leptomastix epona and the gregarious Pseudaphycus flavidulus, two endoparasitoids of the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 97(3): 301 -308.
Kawai S. 1980. Scale Insects of Japan in Colors. National Society for Agricultural Education, Tokyo, pp.455, (in Japanese).
LePelley R H. 1943. The biological control of a meanlybug on coffee and other crops in Kenya. Emp. J. Exp. Agric. 11(42): 78-88.
Levins R. 1968. Evolution in Changing Environments. New Jersey: Princenton University Press, P120.
LIU T X , Stansly P A. 2002. Functional response and plant preference of Nephadpis ocilatus (Coleoptera: Cooccinellidae), preying on Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the laboratory. Entomologia Sinica, 9:1-9.
Logan D P, Thomson C. 2002. Temperature-dependent development of parasitoids on two species of armoured scale insects. New Zealand plant protection. Vol.55 2001, proceeding of a conference held at Centra Hotel, Rotorua, 13-15 August 2002. pp361-367.
Luck R F, Podoler H. 1985. Competitive exclution of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: potential role of host size. Ecology, 66:904-913.
Meyhofer R, Casas J, Dorn S. 1997. Mechano-and Chemeoreceptors and their possible role in host location behavior of (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Ann Ent Soc Amer, 90:208-219.
Miller J C. 1980. Niche relationships among parasitic insects occurring in a temporary habitat. Ecology, 61(2): 270-275.
Miller M C. 1972. Scanning election microscope studies of the flagellar sense receptors of Peridesmia discus and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 65: 1119-1124.
Neuenschwander P, Hammond W N O. 1988a. Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homptera: Pseudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria. Environ. Entomol. 17:894-902.
Neuenschwander P, Herren W N O. 1988b. Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 318: 319-333.
Pandey R R, Johnson M W. 2005a. Effect of pink pineapple mealybug hosts on Anagyrus ananatis Gahan size and progeny production. Biological Control, 35(1): 1-8.
Pandey R R, Johnson M W. 2005b. Effects of cool storage on Anagyrus ananatis Gahan (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Biological Control, 35(1): 9-16.
Pijls J W A M, Poleij L M, et al. 1996. Interspecific interference between Apoanagyrus lopezi and A.diversicornis, parasitoids of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti. Entomologia Experimental et Applicata, 78(2): 221-230.
Qin Yu-chuan. 1994. Preliminarilystudies on the multidimensional niches of two spider mites of apple leaf, Entomologia Sinica 1(4): 314～321.
Raymond A Cloyd, Clifford S Sadof. 2000. Effects of plant architecture on the attack rate of Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the citrus mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Environmental Entomology, 29(3): 535-541.
Rebek E J, Sadof C S. 2003. Effects of pesticide applications on the euonymus scale (Homoptera:Diaspididae) and its parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(2): 446-452.
Rivnay E. 1968. Biological control of pests in Israel (a review 1905-1965). Israel J. Entomol. 3(1): 1-156.
Rosen D, DeBach P. 1978. Diaspididae. In: Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review, ed. C. P. Clausen, pp78-128. Agric. Handbook 480. Washington, DC:US Department of Agriculture.
Rose D, DeBach P. 1979. Species of Aphytis of the World (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The Hague/Boston/London: W. Junk. pp101.
Rothwangl K B, Cloyd R A, Wiedenmann R N. 2004. Effects of insect growth regulators on citrus mealybug parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(4): 1239-1244.
Sagarra L A, Vincent C, Peters N F, et al 2000a. Effect of host density, temperature, and photoperiod on the fitness of Anagyrus kamali, a parasitoid of the hibiscus mealybug Maconellioccus hirsutus. Entomologia Experimental et Applicata, 96(2): 141-147.
Sagarra L A, Charles Vincent, Stewart R K. 2000b. Fecundity and survival of Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under different feeding and storage temperature conditions. European journal of entomology. 97(2): 177-181.
Sagarra L A, Peterkin D D, Vincent C, et al. 2000c. Immune response of the hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), to oviposition of the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 46(5): 647-653.
Sagarra L A, Stewart R K, Vincent C. 2000d. Mutual interference among female Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) and its impact on fecundity, progeny production and sex ratio. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10(3): 239-244.
Sagarra L A, Vincent C, Stewart R K. 2001a. Body size as an indicator of parasitoid quality in male and female Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of entomological research, 91(5): 363-367.
Sagarra L A, Vincent C, Stewart R K. 2001b. Suitability of nine mealybug species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) as hosts for the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Florida Entomologist, 84(1): 112-116.
Schmidt J M, Smith J J B. 1987. The external sensory morphology of the legs and hairplate system of female Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond, (B)232: 323-366.
Schneider D. 1964. Insect antennae. Annu.Rev.Entomol., 9: 103-122.
Schoener T. 1968. The Anolis lizards of Bimini: resource partitioning in a complex fauna. Ecology, 49(4): 704-726.
Schoener T W, Schoener A. 1982. Intraspecific variation in home-range size in some Anolis lizards. Ecology, 63(3): 809-823.
Schuster M F, Boling J C, Marony J J, et al. 1971. Biological control of rhodesgrass scale by airplane release of an introduced parasite of limited dispersing ability. In: Biological Control, ed. C. B. Huffaker, pp. 227-250. New York: Plenum press.
Souissi R, Ru B le, Le Ru B. 1998. Influence of the host plant of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on biological characteristics of its parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of entomological research, 88(1):75-82.
Sprandery P H B. 1970. Host finding by Rhyssa persuasoria (L): an Ichneumona parasite of Siricid woodwasps. Animal Behaviour, 18: 103-114.
Steinberg S, Podoler H, Rosen D. 1986. Biological control of the Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum in Israel by two parasite species: current status in the coastal plain. Phytoparasitica, 14: 199-204.
Tachikawa T. 1988. A new and economically important species of Coccobius (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitic on Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspidiae) in Okinawa, Japan. Trans Skikoku Ent Soc, 19(1-2): 67-71.
Takagi S. 1969. Oiaspididae of Taiwan based on material collected in connection with the Japan-U.S. co-operative science programme, 1965 (Homoptera: Ccccoidae). Part I. Insecta Matsumur, 32: 1-110.
Takagi S. 1974. An approach to the Hemiberlesia problem (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Inseata Matsumur., 3: 1-33.
Takashi Matsumoto, Takao Itioka, Takayoshi Nishida. 2003. Cascading effects of a specialist parasitoid on plant biomass in a citrus agroecosystem. Ecological Research, 18(6): 651 -659.
Talbotph B. 1964. Taxonomy of the fungus associated with Sirex nocillio. Australian Journal of Botany,12: 46-52.
Tanaka M. 1982. Biological control of arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana), in the implementation of IPM programs of citrus orchards in Japan. Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture (Tokyo, 1981), pp. 636-640.
Tanaka M. 1989. Proven feasibility of biological control in Japanese citrus orchards and future prospects. Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture (Tel Aviv, 1988), 3: 1201-1207.
Viggiani G. 1984. Bionomics of the Aphelinidae. Ann.Rev. Entomol. 29:257-276.
Viggiani G, Ren H. 1986. Two new aphelinids from China (Hym.,Chalcidoidea). Boll.Lab.Ent.Agr."F. Silvestri"Portici, 43: 35-39.
Vinson S B. 1984. The Chemical Ecology of the parasitoid host relationship. In W.J.Bell and R.T.Carde eds. Chemical Ecology of Insects. Chapman and Hall, London.
Vinson S B. 1985. The behavior of parasitoids. In G A Kerkut & L I Gilbert eds. Comprehensive Insect P hysiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 9. Pergamon Press, New York.
Wakgari W M, Giliomee J H. 2003. Natural enemies of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) found on citrus and effects of some insecticides on the mealybug parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in South Africa. Bulletin of entomological research, 93(3): 243-254.
Walton V M, Pringle K L. 2005. Developmental biology of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), and its parasitoid Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). African entomology, 13(1): 143-147.
Weseloh R M. 1972. Senseorgans of the hyperparasite Cheiloneurus noxius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) important in host selection processes. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 65: 41-46.
Yang JinSong, Sadof C S, Yang J S. 1997. Variation in the life history of the citrus mealybug parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on three varieties of Coleus blumei. Environmental Entomology, 26(4): 978-982.
Yasumatsu K. 1958. An interesting case of biological control of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell in Japan. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Entomol. (Montreal, 1956), 4: 771-775.
Zchori-Fein E, Rosen D, Roush R T. 1998. Distribution of parthenogenesis-inducing symbionts in ovaries and eggs of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Current Microbiology, 36(1): 1 -8.
包建中，古德祥．1998．中国生物防治．山西科学技术出版社．P315，P329-336．
包为民，何国锋，卢爱平，等．1993．范氏黄蚜小蜂的研究．昆虫天敌，15(1)：1-5．
蔡晓明，阎桂云．1991．七星瓢虫对麦长管蚜捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究．生态学报，11(2)：97-103．
陈佩珍，陈芝卿，连俊和，等．1990．松突圆蚧空间分布型的初步研究．林业科学研究，3(6)：629-632．
陈少波．陈伟，何朝晖．1996．粉蚧长索跳小蜂对堆蜡粉蚧的寄主选择性和功能反应．福建农业学报，11(2)：37-40．
陈顺立，武福华，侯沁文．2004．松突圆蚧生物学特性的研究．福建林业科技，31(2)：1-4．
陈永革，古德祥．1995．松突圆蚧种群分布的空间格局研究．中山大学学报(自然科学版)，34(4)：122-124．
陈永革，古德祥．1997．松突圆蚧种群动态研究．生态科学。16(2)：18-20．
陈永革，古德祥．1998．松突圆蚧与松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂种间关系研究．昆虫天敌，20(3)：136-142．
陈泽藩，杨肇兴，陈云兴．1985．松突圆蚧生物学特性研究初报．广东林业科技，(5)：26-29．
陈泽藩，杨肇兴，徐家雄，等．1988．十五种松树对松突圆蚧抗性的初步研究．森林病虫通讯，(2)：1-2．
陈芝卿，连俊和．1989．修枝间伐对松突圆蚧抑制作用的研究．林业科学研究，2(4)：388-393．
丛斌．1998．Wolbachm与寄生蜂的孤雌生殖．植物保护21世纪展望．北京：中国科学技术出版社．P665-669．
戴建昌，林乃铨．2000．中国林木害虫寄生蜂研究概况．昆虫天敌，22(3)：116-122．
戴玲美．1988．赤眼蜂雌虫触角．昆虫知识，21(1)：109-116．
丁德诚，唐贤汉，杜家纬，等．1988．松突圆蚧交配行为的研究．昆虫学研究集刊，第8集：88．
丁德诚，潘务耀，唐子颖，等．1992．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂对寄主的选择．昆虫学研究集刊，第11集：35-42．
丁德诚，潘务耀，谢国林，等．1995．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂的生物学．昆虫学报，38(1)：46-52．
丁岩钦，陈玉平．1986．中华草蛉对棉蚜与棉铃虫的捕食作用研究．生物防治通报，2(3)：97-102．
丁岩钦．1994．昆虫数学生态学．北京：科学出版社．P236-243，P256-259，P304-306．
杜家纬，丁德诚，许少甫，等．1991．松突圆蚧性信息素的初步研究Ⅰ：粗提物的活性及分离方法．昆虫学研究集刊，第10集：45-50．
段金花，张润杰．2004．六斑月瓢虫对菊小长管蚜的捕食作用．昆虫学报，47(2)：213-218．
高连喜，季清娥，黄居昌，等．2004．黄色潜蝇茧蜂寄生功能反应的研究．华东昆虫学报，13(2)：31-35．
高其康，胡萃．1993．野蚕黑卵蜂触角感器的超微结构研究．浙江农业大学学报，19(4)：399-404．
弓淑芬，戴华国，许月华等．2004．3种赤眼蜂雌蜂触角上感器的扫描电镜观察．南京农业大学学报，27(2)：55-59．
宫亚军，张天栋．1990．来杀毙缓释剂防治松突圆蚧试验初报．森林病虫通讯，(2)：24-24．
古德祥，陈永革．1998．松突圆蚧种群生命表与花角蚜小蜂的寄生作用的研究．昆虫天敌，20(1)：156-163．
古德祥，李顺珍，卢爱平．1995a．印巴黄蚜小蜂的引进及其生物学研究．中山大学学报论丛，(2)：3-6．
古德祥，卢爱平，姚传森，等．1995b．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅱ：印巴黄蚜小蜂防治红圆蚧的田间试验．昆虫天敌，15(2)：64-67．
古德祥，张古忍，张润杰，等．2000．中国南方害虫生物防治50周年回顾．昆虫学报，43(3)：327-335．
古德祥，张古忍，陈永革，等．2002．马尾松、松突圆蚧与花角蚜小蜂的相互关系．中国生物防治，18(增刊)：5-8．
顾茂彬，1989．松突圆蚧种群数量的调查与分析．林业科学研究，2(6)：611-612．
顾茂彬，连俊和．1990．松突圆蚧对马尾松危害程度与生态因子关系的研究．林业科学研究，3(6)：562-567．
广东省林业厅森防站．1988．红点唇瓢虫对松突圆蚧控制作用的研究．昆虫天敌，10(2)：63-69．
郭明昉．1985．稻螟赤眼蜂与其他赤眼蜂对寄主的辨别及种问竞争关系研究．昆虫天敌，7(4)：192-200．
韩桂仲，李自朝，刘顺通，等．2001．菜豆田两种潜叶蝇和主要天敌生态位研究．昆虫知识，38(1)：39-43．
韩诗畴，陈巧贤，刘文惠，等．1993．荔蝽卵平腹小蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂种间对寄主竞争的研究．昆虫天敌，15(1)：10-13．
何国锋，包为民，卢爱平．1995a．松突圆蚧寄生蜂室内大量繁殖和林间释放研究．中国生物防治，11(3)：101-105．
何国锋，包为民，卢爱平．1995b．松突圆蚧寄生蜂优势种及引进寄生蜂的繁殖利用研究Ⅰ．寄生蜂种类的调查、采集、引进和中间寄主的饲养研究．昆虫天敌，17(1)：42-46．
何丽芬．1984．螟卵啮小蜂触角感受器的研究．昆虫学集刊，(4)：71-75．
何雪香，刘清浪．1991．不同海拔高度松突圆蚧生长发育的研究．广东林业科技，(2)：11-16．
何余容，吕利华，陈科伟．2004．拟澳洲赤眼蜂和短管赤眼蜂在米蛾卵上的种间竞争．应用生态学报，15(12)：2401-2404．
何余容，吕利华，陈科伟，等．2005．两种赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵的寄生能力和种间竞争．生态学报，25(4)：837-841．
侯沁文．2003．松突圆蚧生态学特征的研究(硕士学位论文)．福建福州：福建农林大学．
侯沁文，陈顺立，武福华，等．2004．松突圆蚧空间分布型的研究．华东昆虫学报，13(1)：72-76．
侯照远，严福顺．1997．寄生蜂寄主选择行为研究进展．昆虫学报，4(1)：94-107．
胡艳红，陈顺立．杨爱民．2004a．松突圆蚧的发育起点温度与有效积温的测定．福建林业科技，3l(2)：9-11．
胡艳红，刘新，陈顺立．2004b．三种药剂及复配剂对松突圆蚧的毒力测定．华东昆虫学报，13(2)：80-83．
黄建．1994．中国蚜小蜂科分类．重庆：重庆出版社，P1-348．P156-158
黄建，王竹红，林庆源．2005．松突圆蚧2种重寄生蜂的记述．福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)，34(2)：148-152．
黄茂俊，等．1988．松突圆蚧大发生对马尾松生长影响的调查，广东林业科技，(3)：5-7．
黄寿山，戴志一，吴达璋，等．1995．温度对玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生功能反应的影响．华南农业大学学报，16(3)：30-33．
黄寿山，戴志一，吴达璋．1996．玉米螟赤眼蜂自身密度的干扰效应研究．昆虫知识．33(2)：108-110．
黄振裕．2001．森林有害生物松突圆蚧的危险性分析．华东昆虫学报，10(2)：101-104．
黄振裕，陈顺立，林庆源．2005．混合杀虫剂对松突圆蚧的药效试验．福建林学院学报，25(1)：43-46．
蒋青，梁忆冰，王乃扬，等．1995．有害生物危险性评价的定量分析方法研究．植物检疫．9(4)：208-211．
荆英，黄建，马瑞燕，等．2004．小黑瓢虫与其竞争种作用系统研究：种间竞争．应用生态学报，15(4)：731-733．
兰亦全，赵士熙，柯伟阳．2002．美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生性天敌的生态位．华东昆虫学报，11(2)：84-87．
李超，丁岩钦．1982．草间小黑蛛对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究：(Ⅱ)捕食者—各种猎物的研究．生态学报，2(4)：363-373．
李超．1983．草间小黑蛛对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究——Ⅲ．模拟模型的进一步研究．生态学报，2(3)：239-254．
李庆宝，施祖华，刘树生．2004．菜蛾啮小蜂的寄主辨别能力和种间竞争．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，30(2)：164-168．
李顺珍，古德祥．1993a．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅳ：印巴黄蚜小蜂个体发育研究．昆虫天敌．15(4)：175-178．
李顺珍，古德祥．1993b．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅲ．印巴黄蚜小蜂对不同发育阶段寄主茶长本圆蚧的选择和子代性比．昆虫天敌。15(4)：151-154．
李顺珍，曾虹，卢爱平，等．1993c．柑桔介壳虫寄生蜂研究Ⅰ：印巴黄蚜小蜂的引进和实验饲养．昆虫天敌，15(2)：60-63．
李学荣，洪健，亦芬，等．1999．烟蚜茧蜂成虫的电镜扫描观察[J]．电子显微学报，18(增刊)：227-228．
李意德，王宝生．1990a．松突圆蚧危害与森林植被特征关系的调查研究．广东林业科技，(4)：6-9．
李意德，顾茂彬．1990b．松突圆蚧危害程度划分的研究．林业科学研究，3(4)：411-415．
李照会，郑方强，叶保华，等．1993．异色瓢虫对白毛蚜捕食作用的研究．昆虫学报，36(4)：438-443．
连俊和，唐子颖．1985．“82”乳剂防治松突圆蚧试验．林业科技通讯，(9)：29-31．
连俊和，唐子颖，王军．1986．飞机喷洒松脂柴油乳剂防治松突圆蚧示范试验．林业科技通讯。(2)：13-16．
梁承丰．1988．松突圆蚧天敌研究初报．林业科技通讯，(6)：19-24．
梁铬球，陈振耀．1990．松突圆蚧寄生蜂调查初报．昆虫天敌。12(1)：1-6．
廖宝义，连俊和．1992．修枝间伐对被松突圆蚧危害的马尾松生长及虫口密度的影响．林业科技通讯，(5)：5-9．
林业部森林植物检疫防治所综防测报室．1989．松突圆蚧自然扩散距离研究初报．森林病虫通讯，(3)：24-25．
刘清浪，张钦泉．1990．松突圆蚧发育起点温度和有效积温的测定及应用．中南林学院学报，10(2)：149-154．
刘清浪，张钦泉．1992．松突圆蚧向北蔓延可能性的研究．广东林业科技，(2)：6-14．
刘树生．2004．天敌动物对害虫控制作用的评估方法及其应用策略．中国生物防治，20(1)：1-7．
卢爱平．1996．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂雌蜂头部扫描电镜研究．昆虫天敌，18(2)：60-63．
陆剑锋，邱鸿贵，邱中良，等．2005．啮小蜂视觉和触角在交配中的作用观察．昆虫天敌．27(1)：15-20．
陆庆光．1992．禾螟赤眼蜂的功能反应研究．生物防治通报，8(4)：151-154．
陆庆光．1996．国外天敌引种与外来有害生物的持续控制．植物保护，22(6)：44-45．
缪勇．2003．棉蚜及其捕食性天敌时空生态位研究．应用生态学报，14(4)：549-552．
牟吉元，徐洪富，荣秀兰．1996．普通昆虫学．中国农业出版社．P333．
牟吉元，徐洪富，李火苟．1997．昆虫生态与农业害虫预测预报．北京：中国农业出版社．P6-27．
欧晓明，江汉华，陈常铭．1998．茶毒蛾黑卵蜂的功能反应．昆虫天敌，20(1)：13-18．
潘务耀，唐子颖，谢国林，等．1987a．我国南方一种新的林业大害虫——松突圆蚧的研究(蚧总科：盾蚧科)．昆虫学研究集刊，第7集：177-189．
潘务耀，唐子颖，连俊和，等．1987b．松脂柴油乳剂防治松突圆蚧的研究．森林病虫通讯，(1)：14-17．
潘务耀，唐子颖，陈泽藩．1989a．松突圆蚧生物学特性及防治的研究．森林病虫通讯，(1)：1-6．
潘务耀，陈世兰，连俊和，等．1989b．枝孢霉防治松突圆蚧试验初报．森林病虫通讯，(3)：22-23．
潘务耀，唐子颖，谢国林，等．1993a．引进花角蚜小蜂防治松突圆蚧的研究报告．林业科学研究，(6)：1-8．
潘务耀，唐子颖，谢国林，等．1993b．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂引进和利用的研究．森林病虫通讯，(1)：15-18．
潘务耀，唐子颖，丁德诚，等．1993c．四种杀虫剂对松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂的毒性试验．森林病虫通讯，(3)：32-34．
潘务耀，唐子颖．1994．花角蚜小蜂输引程序概要．昆虫天敌，16(3)：123-126．
潘志萍．2001．两种外引寄生蜂生物学及生态学特性研究．华南农业大学硕士学位论文．
潘志萍，曾玲，陈沐荣，等．2004．湿地松粉蚧三种寄生蜂蛹及蛹壳的比较．昆虫天敌，26(3)：101-104．
庞雄飞，梁广文，尤民生．1986．种群生命系统研究方法概述．昆虫天敌，8(3)：176-186．
庞雄飞，梁广文，尤民生，等．1988．昆虫种群生命系统研究的状态方程．华南农业大学学报，9(2)：1-10．
庞雄飞，梁广文．1995．害虫种群系统的控制．广州：广东科技出版社．P24-26．
蒲蛰龙．1978．害虫生物防治的原理和方法．科学出版社．
钱明惠．2003．我国松突圆蚧研究进展．广东林业科技，19(4)：51-55．
钱明惠．2005．双斑蚜小蜂和昆虫生长调节剂对烟粉虱的生理调空．华南农业大学博士学位论文．Pⅰ．
秦玉川．蔡宁华，黄可训．1991，山楂叶螨、苹果全爪螨及其捕食性天敌生态位的研究Ⅰ——时间与空间生态位、生态学报，11(4)：331-337．
任顺祥，郭振中．熊继文，等．2001．二双斑唇瓢虫对矢尖蚧的捕食作用．生态学报，21(10)：1602-1606．
师光禄，席银宝．王海香，等．2003．枣园生态系统中主要害虫、天敌生态位及种间竞争的研究．林业科学，39(5)：78-86．
施祖华，F．B．Gebremeskel，刘树生．2001．颈双缘姬蜂与菜蛾啮小蜂的种间竞争．中国生物防治，17(3)：112-115．
施祖华，李庆宝，李欣，等．2003a．弯尾姬蜂与菜蛾啮小蜂的种间竞争关系．中国生物防治，19(3)：97-102．
施祖华，刘树生．2003b．小菜蛾主要寄生性天敌——菜蛾绒茧蜂与菜蛾啮小蜂间的相互作用．应用生态学报，14(6)：949-954．
施祖华，李庆宝，李欣，等．2004．半闭弯尾姬蜂与菜蛾盘绒茧蜂寄生菜蛾幼虫时的种间竞争．昆虫学报，47(3)：342-348．
松突圆蚧综合防治试验组．1986．松突圆蚧生物学特性及发生规律的研究．林业科技通讯，5：3-7．
苏建伟，盛承发．2002．棉田两种瓢虫与叶色草蛉干扰竞争初探．中国棉花，29(8)：16-17．
唐启粮．2005．调整松林密度控制清源山松突圆蚧危害的试验．福建林业科技，32(1)：48-51．
唐贤汉，丁德诚，朱俊伟，等．1989．保幼激素类似物ZR-777对松突圆蚧发育影响的初步研究．昆虫学研究集刊，第九集，91-94．
唐子颖，翁锦泅，邱鸿铮。等．1993．飞机撒放花角蚜小蜂防治松突圆蚧试验．林业科技通讯，(7)：21-23．
童国健，唐子颖，潘务耀．1988．松突圆蚧自然种群数量消长规律的研究．林业科技通讯．(2)：6-11．
童国健，黄茂俊，徐世多．1998．花角蚜小蜂防治松突圆蚧技术的应用．森林病虫通讯．(2)：23-24．
童应华．2004a．松突圆蚧种群动态的研究(硕士毕业论文)．福建福州：福建农林大学．
童应华，杨爱民，张飞萍，等．2004b．松突圆蚧危害与马尾松胸围关系的探讨．福建林业科技．31(2)：49-51．
汪忠炫．1990．药剂防治松突圆蚧的试验初报．广东林业科技，(1)：16-23．
王东昌，袁忠林，罗兰，等．2001．异色瓢虫对桃大尾蚜的捕食作用研究．植物保护．27(1)：29-30．
王刚，赵松岭，张鹏云，等．1984．关于生态位定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式改进的研究．生态学报，4(2)：119-127．
王联德，尤民生，王谨．1999．桔潜蛾及其天敌的生态位．福建农业大学学报，28(3)：319-324．
王联德．2003．蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素对烟粉虱种群系统的控制作用(博士学位论文)．福州：福建农林大学．
王明旭．1993．四种森林植物检疫对象在湖南的适生性初探．湖南林业科技，20(4)：19-22．
王竹红，黄建，梁智生，等．2004．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂的引种与利用．福建农林大学学报，33(3)：313-317．
王竹红，黄建，林庆源，等．2005．松突圆蚧寄生性天敌的调查及种类鉴定．福建农林大学学报，34(2)：153-157．
王子清．1992．寄生马尾松常见蚧虫的分布特征．森林病虫通讯，(3)：32-35．
魏初奖．2002．松突圆蚧等5种松树有害生物在福建省潜在危险性的定量分析．华东昆虫学报，11(2)：57-62．
吴才宏．1993．棉铃虫雄蛾触角的毛形感器对其性信息素组分及类似物的反应．昆虫学报，36(4)：385-389．
吴进才．1993．稻田主要捕食性天敌的栖境生态位与捕食作用分析．昆虫学报，36(3)：323-331．
吴坤君，盛承发，龚佩瑜．2004．捕食性昆虫的功能反应方程及其参数的估算．昆虫知识，41(3)：267-269．
吴美良，刘秀琼．1994．几种植物油对松突圆蚧初孵若虫的忌避作用试验．昆虫知识，31(1)：28-30．
吴太平．周昌清．1992a．松突圆蚧冷冻试验及其潜在地理范围北界的推测．生态科学，(1)：62-66．
吴太平，周昌清．1992b．松突圆蚧初孵若虫行为特征的研究．生态科学，(1)：57-61．
吴伟坚，沈叔平，魏洪义．1989．红点唇瓢虫对松突圆蚧的功能反应．昆虫天敌，11(1)：28-30．
伍建芬．1990．松突圆蚧形态．广东林业科技，(6)：3-5．
谢国林，胡金林，李去惑，等．1984．广东省松突圆蚧调查初报．森林病虫通讯，(1)：39-41．
谢国林，邹德靖，潘务耀，等．1997．花角蚜小蜂对松突圆蚧的控制效能及其稳定作用的评估．昆虫学报，40(2)：135-143．
徐汝梅．1987．昆虫种群生态学．北京：北京师范大学出版社．P303-317．
徐颖，洪健，胡萃．2000．蝶蛹金小蜂触角感受器的超微结构研究．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，26(4)：394-398．
徐志宏，黄建．2004．中国介壳虫寄生蜂志，上海科学技术出版社．P1，P9-13．
杨奉才．1994．麦蚜及其天敌生态位的初步研究．华东昆虫学报，3(2)：69-72．
杨龙龙，吴燕如，周伟儒．1997．苹果园中凹唇壁蜂和紫壁蜂的生态位比较研究．昆虫学报，40(3)：265-270．
杨平澜．1982．中国蚧虫分类概要．上海：上海科学技术出版社．P197-199．
杨笑如，钟景辉，吴一鹏，等．2005．松突圆蚧若虫空间格局的研究．江西植保，28(1)：5-7．
杨义群．1983．关于生态位重叠与相似的度量．生态学报，4(2)：119-127．
杨曾奖．1990．马尾松受松突圆蚧为害的程度与土壤条件关系的研究．广东林业科技，(2)：8-14．
叶燕华，陈沐荣．2001．松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂种群下降原因初析．林业科技通讯，(12)：19-21．
尹新明，高艳，王高平，等．2003．寄生蜂感受器的形态与功能．河南农业大学学报，37(2)：129-132．
虞国跃，庞虹．1992．广东松材瓢虫研究．昆虫天敌(广东)，14(1)：13-18．
张桂筠，肖蔼祥，1992．蝇蛹俑小蜂、丽蝇蛹集金小蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察．昆虫学报，2：35(20)：154-159．
张学武．古德祥，周之铭．1991．两种寄生蜂竞争能力的研究．昆虫天敌，13(2)：75-78．
张学武，古德祥，周之铭．1993a．松突圆蚧(Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi)寄生蜂Aphytis sp．的寄生与摄食研究．生态学报．13(2)：135-138．
张学武，古德祥．1993b．三种寄生物与一种寄主的系统模型研究．生态学报，17(1)：29-35．
张学武，古德祥．1994．红圆蚧三种寄生蜂的相互竞争研究．生态科学，(1)：94-99．
张学武，古德祥，周之铭．1995．松突圆蚧黑蚜小蜂的产卵分布．昆虫知识，32(3)：156-159．
赵冬香，陈宗懋，程家安．2001．迷宫漏斗蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应．植物保护，27(4)：1-3．
赵善欢．刘秀琼．黄彰欣，等．1993．松突圆蚧的化学防治．昆虫学报，36(2)：177-184．
赵士熙，吴中孚，杨章华．1991．水稻3种飞虱生态位的研究．福建农学院学报，20(4)：385-390．
赵士熙，吴中孚．1992．水稻3种螟虫生态位的研究．见：万方浩，康乐主编：青年生态学论从(二)，北京：中国科学技术出版社，P244-248．
赵士熙，卓文禧，罗肖南．1993．稻飞虱卵寄生蜂—缨小蜂资源生态位的研究．华东昆虫学报，2(1)：54-59．
赵修复，等．1982．害虫生物防治(福建农学院主编)．农业出版社．P16，P214-220．
赵修复．1999．害虫生物防治(第三版)．中国农业出版社．P113．
赵志模，郭依泉．1990．群落生态学原理与方法．重庆：科学技术文献出版社重庆分社．P81-89．
钟景辉，黄衍庆，傅辉松．等．2004．松突圆蚧危害的风险性分析．广西林业科学，33(4)：182-185．
钟景辉．2005．松突圆蚧虫口数量与危害程度的关系．华东昆虫学报，14(2)：155-158．
周集中，陈常铭．1986．拟环纹狼蛛对褐飞虱的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究Ⅰ．功能反应．生物防治通报．2(1)：2-9．
周祥悦．1991．加勒比松对松突圆蚧的抗性初探．广东林业科技，(1)：35-36．
朱建雄．1999．松突圆蚧防治研究最新进展．林业科技，24(1)：31-33．
邹运鼎，耿继光，陈高潮，等．1996．异色瓢虫若虫对麦三叉蚜的捕食作用．应用生态学报，7(2)：197-200．
Abdelrahman I. 1974. Studies in ovipositional behavior and control of sex in Aphytis melinus DeBach, a parasitoid of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask). Auat J. Zool, 22: 231-247.
Alaams T J. 1991. Heliothis virescens: Response characteristics of receptor neurons in Sensilla Trichodea type 1 and type 2 Tor J. Almaasl and Hanna Mustapartal. J.Chen.Ecol., 17(5): 953-972.
Altner H. 1977. Insect sensillum specificity and structure: an approach to a new typology. In: LeMagnen, J., Macleod, P. (Eds.), Olfaction and taste, Vol. 6. London-Washington Information Retrieval, 295-304.
Altner H, Prillinger L. 1980. Ultrastructure of invertebrate chemo-, thermo-, and hygroreceptors and its functional significance. Int. Rev. Cyto., 67: 69-139.
Anand Persad, Ayub Khan, Persad A, et al. 2000. The effect of five insecticides on Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and its natural enemies Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant and Scymnus coccivora aiyar (Coleoptera: Co). International Pest Control, 42(5): 170-173.
Arai T, Mishiro K. 2004. Development of Allotropa cirri Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Anagyrus subalbipes Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Homoptera: pseudococcidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39(3): 505-510.
Austin A D, Browning T O. 1981. A mechanism for movement of eggs along insect ovipositors. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 10: 93-108.
Barlin M R, Vinson S B. 1981a. Multiporous plate sensilla in antennae of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Int.J. Insect Morphol.Embryol. 10: 29-42.
Barlin M R, Vinson S B, Piper G I. 1981b. Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the cockroach-egg parasitoid Tetrastichush agenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). J. Morphol, 168: 97-108.
Beddington J R. 1975. Mutual interference between parasites or predators and its effect on searching efficiency, J. Anita. Ecol., 44: 331-340.
Bernal J S, Luck R F, Morse J G. 1999. Host influences on sex ratio, longevity, and egg load of two Metaphycus species parasitic on soft scales: implications for insectary rearing. Entomologia Experimental is et Applicata, 92(2): 191-204.
Bertschy C, Turlings T C J, Bellotti A C et al. 2001. The role of mealybug-induced cassava plant volatiles in the attraction of the encyrtid parasitoids Aenasius vexans and Apoanagyrus diversicornis. Journal of insect behavior, 14(3): 363-371.
Bokononganta A H, Neuenschwander P, Vanalphen J J M, et al. 1995. Host stage selection and see allocation by Agnagyrus mangicola (Hynenoptera, Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hem., Pseudococcidae). Biological Control, 5(4): 479-486.
Bokononganta A H, Vanalphen J J M, Neuenschwander P. 1996. Competition between Gyranusoidea tebygi and AnagyrusMangicola, parasitoids of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invandens interspecific host discriminationg and larval competition. Entomologia Experimental is et Applicata, 79(2): 179-185.
Boyce A M. 1987. Odyssey of an Entomologist. Riverside, CA: UC Riverside Foundation.
Brown P E, Anderson M. 1998. Morphology and ultrastructure of sense organs on the ovipositor of Trybliographa rapae, a parasitoid of the cabbage root fly. Journal of Insect Physiology, 44: 1017-1025.
Calatayud P A, Seligmann C D, Polania M A, et al. 2001. Influence of parasitism by encyrtid parasitoids on the feeding behaviour of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus herreni. Entomologia Experimental is et Applicatai 98(3): 271-278.
Catherine Bertschy, Turlings Ted C J, Anthony Bellotti, et al 2000. Host stage preference and sex allocatio in Aenasius vexans, an encyrtidparasitoid of the cassava mealybug. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 95(3): 283-291.
Ceballo F A, Walter G H. 2004. Life history parameters and biocontrol potential of the mealybug parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): asexuality, fecundity and ovipositional patterns. Biological Control. 29(2): 235-244.
Colwell R K, Futuyma D T. 1971. On the measurement of niche breadth and over-lap. Ecology, 52(4):567-576.
Compere H, Smith H S. 1932. The control of the citrophilus mealybug, Pseudococcus gahani, by Australian parasites. Hilgardia, 6:585-618.
Cuperus P L. 1983. A comparative electron microcopical study on antennae of small ermine moths (Lepidoptera:Yponmeutidae). Ph. D. dissertation, Sweden.
Daane K M, Malakar-Kuenen R D, Walton V M. 2004. Temperature-dependent development of Anagyrus pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as a parasitoid of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biological Control, 31(2): 123-132.
Dean H A, Schuster M F, Boling J C. et al. 1979. Complete biological control of Antonina graminis in Texas with Neodusmetia sangwani (a classical example). Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 25: 262-267.
DeBach P, Landi J H. 1961. The introduced purple scale parasite, Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere, and a method of integrating chemical with biological control. Hilgardia, 31: 459-497.
DeBacha P, Sundby R A. 1963. Competitive displacement between ecological homologues. Hilgardia, 34: 105-166.
DeBach P, Argyriou L C. 1967. The colonization and success in Greece of some imported Aphytis spp. (Hym. Aphelinidae) parasitic on citrus scale insects (Hom. Diaspididae). Entomophaga, 12: 325-342.
DeBach P, Rosen D, Kennett C E. 1971. Biological control of coccids by introduced natural enemies. In: Biological Control, ed.C.B.Huffaker, pp 165-194. New York: Plenum press.
DeBach P, Rosen D. 1976. Armoured scale insects. In: Studies in Biological Control, ed. V. L. Delucchi, pp. 139-178. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
DeBach P, Rosen D. 1982. Aphytis yanonensis n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasite of Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Kontyu, 50:626-634.
DeBach P, Rosen D. 1991. Biological Control by Natural Enemies. (Second Edition) Cambridge University Press, UK. pp.251-252.
Den Otter C J, Thomas G. 1979. Olfactory preference in insects: a synthesis of behaviour and electrophysiology.Preference Behaviors and Chemoreception, 171-182.
Dorn B, Mattiacci L, Bellotti A C, et al. 2001. Host specificity and comparative foraging behaviour of Aenasius vexansand, Acerophagus coccois, two endo-parasitoids of the cassava mealybug. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 99(3): 331-339.
FAO. 1996. Guidelines for pest risk analysis. International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (Publications No.2). Secretariat of the IPPC. FAO, Rome.
Filitsa Karamaouna, Michael J W, Copland. 2000. Host suitability, quality and host size preference of Leptomastix epona and Pseudaphycus flavidulus, two endoparasitoids of the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni, and host size effect on parasitoid sex ratio and clutch size. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 96(2): 149-158.
Fujii Ket al. 1986. A simple generalized model of attack by predator and parasites. Ecol. Res., 1(2): 141-156.
Furuhashi K, Nishino M. 1983. Biological control of arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis, by parasitic wasps introduced from the People's Republic of China. Entomophaga, 28: 277-286.
Greathead D J. 1971. A review of biological control in the Ethopian region. CIBC Tech. Commum. 5.
Hassell M P. 1969. A population model for the interaction between Cyzenis albicans and Operophtera brumata at Wytham Berkshire. J. Anim. Ecol.,38: 567-576.
Hassell M P. 1978. The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator-Prey System. Princeton Uni. Press, Princeton.
Hayat M. 1983 The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Syst.Ent., 8: 63-102.
Hayat M. 1989. A revision of the species of Encarsia Foerster (Hym.,Aphelinidae) from India and the adjacent countries. Oriental Insect, 23: 1-131.
Holling C S. 1959. Some characteristics of simple types of population and parasitism. Canad.Ent, 91:385-398.
Huang J, Polaszek A. 1998. A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae. Aphidoidea). Journal of Natural History, 32: 1825-1966.
Huffaker C B, Kennett C E, Tassan R L. 1986. Comparisons of parasitism and desities of Parlatoria oleae (1952-1982) in relation to ecological theory. Amer. Nat. 128:379-393.
Islam K S, Copland M J W. 2000. Influence of egg load and oviposition time interval on the host discrimination and offspring survival of Anagyrus pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of entomological research. 90(1): 69-75.
Jalali S K, Singh S P, Biswas S R. 2000. Parasitisation behaviour of Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) at various densities of Planococcus citri Risso. Journal of Entomological Research, 24(2): 159-162.
Karamaouna F, Copland M J W. 2000. Oviposition behaviour, influence of experience on host size selection, and niche overlap of the solitary Leptomastix epona and the gregarious Pseudaphycus flavidulus, two endoparasitoids of the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 97(3): 301 -308.
Kawai S. 1980. Scale Insects of Japan in Colors. National Society for Agricultural Education, Tokyo, pp.455, (in Japanese).
LePelley R H. 1943. The biological control of a meanlybug on coffee and other crops in Kenya. Emp. J. Exp. Agric. 11(42): 78-88.
Levins R. 1968. Evolution in Changing Environments. New Jersey: Princenton University Press, P120.
LIU T X , Stansly P A. 2002. Functional response and plant preference of Nephadpis ocilatus (Coleoptera: Cooccinellidae), preying on Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the laboratory. Entomologia Sinica, 9:1-9.
Logan D P, Thomson C. 2002. Temperature-dependent development of parasitoids on two species of armoured scale insects. New Zealand plant protection. Vol.55 2001, proceeding of a conference held at Centra Hotel, Rotorua, 13-15 August 2002. pp361-367.
Luck R F, Podoler H. 1985. Competitive exclution of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: potential role of host size. Ecology, 66:904-913.
Meyhofer R, Casas J, Dorn S. 1997. Mechano-and Chemeoreceptors and their possible role in host location behavior of (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Ann Ent Soc Amer, 90:208-219.
Miller J C. 1980. Niche relationships among parasitic insects occurring in a temporary habitat. Ecology, 61(2): 270-275.
Miller M C. 1972. Scanning election microscope studies of the flagellar sense receptors of Peridesmia discus and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 65: 1119-1124.
Neuenschwander P, Hammond W N O. 1988a. Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homptera: Pseudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria. Environ. Entomol. 17:894-902.
Neuenschwander P, Herren W N O. 1988b. Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 318: 319-333.
Pandey R R, Johnson M W. 2005a. Effect of pink pineapple mealybug hosts on Anagyrus ananatis Gahan size and progeny production. Biological Control, 35(1): 1-8.
Pandey R R, Johnson M W. 2005b. Effects of cool storage on Anagyrus ananatis Gahan (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Biological Control, 35(1): 9-16.
Pijls J W A M, Poleij L M, et al. 1996. Interspecific interference between Apoanagyrus lopezi and A.diversicornis, parasitoids of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti. Entomologia Experimental et Applicata, 78(2): 221-230.
Qin Yu-chuan. 1994. Preliminarilystudies on the multidimensional niches of two spider mites of apple leaf, Entomologia Sinica 1(4): 314～321.
Raymond A Cloyd, Clifford S Sadof. 2000. Effects of plant architecture on the attack rate of Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the citrus mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Environmental Entomology, 29(3): 535-541.
Rebek E J, Sadof C S. 2003. Effects of pesticide applications on the euonymus scale (Homoptera:Diaspididae) and its parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(2): 446-452.
Rivnay E. 1968. Biological control of pests in Israel (a review 1905-1965). Israel J. Entomol. 3(1): 1-156.
Rosen D, DeBach P. 1978. Diaspididae. In: Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review, ed. C. P. Clausen, pp78-128. Agric. Handbook 480. Washington, DC:US Department of Agriculture.
Rose D, DeBach P. 1979. Species of Aphytis of the World (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The Hague/Boston/London: W. Junk. pp101.
Rothwangl K B, Cloyd R A, Wiedenmann R N. 2004. Effects of insect growth regulators on citrus mealybug parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(4): 1239-1244.
Sagarra L A, Vincent C, Peters N F, et al 2000a. Effect of host density, temperature, and photoperiod on the fitness of Anagyrus kamali, a parasitoid of the hibiscus mealybug Maconellioccus hirsutus. Entomologia Experimental et Applicata, 96(2): 141-147.
Sagarra L A, Charles Vincent, Stewart R K. 2000b. Fecundity and survival of Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under different feeding and storage temperature conditions. European journal of entomology. 97(2): 177-181.
Sagarra L A, Peterkin D D, Vincent C, et al. 2000c. Immune response of the hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), to oviposition of the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 46(5): 647-653.
Sagarra L A, Stewart R K, Vincent C. 2000d. Mutual interference among female Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) and its impact on fecundity, progeny production and sex ratio. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10(3): 239-244.
Sagarra L A, Vincent C, Stewart R K. 2001a. Body size as an indicator of parasitoid quality in male and female Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of entomological research, 91(5): 363-367.
Sagarra L A, Vincent C, Stewart R K. 2001b. Suitability of nine mealybug species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) as hosts for the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Florida Entomologist, 84(1): 112-116.
Schmidt J M, Smith J J B. 1987. The external sensory morphology of the legs and hairplate system of female Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond, (B)232: 323-366.
Schneider D. 1964. Insect antennae. Annu.Rev.Entomol., 9: 103-122.
Schoener T. 1968. The Anolis lizards of Bimini: resource partitioning in a complex fauna. Ecology, 49(4): 704-726.
Schoener T W, Schoener A. 1982. Intraspecific variation in home-range size in some Anolis lizards. Ecology, 63(3): 809-823.
Schuster M F, Boling J C, Marony J J, et al. 1971. Biological control of rhodesgrass scale by airplane release of an introduced parasite of limited dispersing ability. In: Biological Control, ed. C. B. Huffaker, pp. 227-250. New York: Plenum press.
Souissi R, Ru B le, Le Ru B. 1998. Influence of the host plant of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on biological characteristics of its parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of entomological research, 88(1):75-82.
Sprandery P H B. 1970. Host finding by Rhyssa persuasoria (L): an Ichneumona parasite of Siricid woodwasps. Animal Behaviour, 18: 103-114.
Steinberg S, Podoler H, Rosen D. 1986. Biological control of the Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum in Israel by two parasite species: current status in the coastal plain. Phytoparasitica, 14: 199-204.
Tachikawa T. 1988. A new and economically important species of Coccobius (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitic on Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspidiae) in Okinawa, Japan. Trans Skikoku Ent Soc, 19(1-2): 67-71.
Takagi S. 1969. Oiaspididae of Taiwan based on material collected in connection with the Japan-U.S. co-operative science programme, 1965 (Homoptera: Ccccoidae). Part I. Insecta Matsumur, 32: 1-110.
Takagi S. 1974. An approach to the Hemiberlesia problem (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Inseata Matsumur., 3: 1-33.
Takashi Matsumoto, Takao Itioka, Takayoshi Nishida. 2003. Cascading effects of a specialist parasitoid on plant biomass in a citrus agroecosystem. Ecological Research, 18(6): 651 -659.
Talbotph B. 1964. Taxonomy of the fungus associated with Sirex nocillio. Australian Journal of Botany,12: 46-52.
Tanaka M. 1982. Biological control of arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana), in the implementation of IPM programs of citrus orchards in Japan. Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture (Tokyo, 1981), pp. 636-640.
Tanaka M. 1989. Proven feasibility of biological control in Japanese citrus orchards and future prospects. Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture (Tel Aviv, 1988), 3: 1201-1207.
Viggiani G. 1984. Bionomics of the Aphelinidae. Ann.Rev. Entomol. 29:257-276.
Viggiani G, Ren H. 1986. Two new aphelinids from China (Hym.,Chalcidoidea). Boll.Lab.Ent.Agr."F. Silvestri"Portici, 43: 35-39.
Vinson S B. 1984. The Chemical Ecology of the parasitoid host relationship. In W.J.Bell and R.T.Carde eds. Chemical Ecology of Insects. Chapman and Hall, London.
Vinson S B. 1985. The behavior of parasitoids. In G A Kerkut & L I Gilbert eds. Comprehensive Insect P hysiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 9. Pergamon Press, New York.
Wakgari W M, Giliomee J H. 2003. Natural enemies of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) found on citrus and effects of some insecticides on the mealybug parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in South Africa. Bulletin of entomological research, 93(3): 243-254.
Walton V M, Pringle K L. 2005. Developmental biology of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), and its parasitoid Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). African entomology, 13(1): 143-147.
Weseloh R M. 1972. Senseorgans of the hyperparasite Cheiloneurus noxius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) important in host selection processes. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 65: 41-46.
Yang JinSong, Sadof C S, Yang J S. 1997. Variation in the life history of the citrus mealybug parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on three varieties of Coleus blumei. Environmental Entomology, 26(4): 978-982.
Yasumatsu K. 1958. An interesting case of biological control of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell in Japan. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Entomol. (Montreal, 1956), 4: 771-775.
Zchori-Fein E, Rosen D, Roush R T. 1998. Distribution of parthenogenesis-inducing symbionts in ovaries and eggs of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Current Microbiology, 36(1): 1 -8.