美洲斑潜蝇垂直分布决定因素分析及芦苇格姬小蜂的寄生行为初步研究
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摘要
本文调查了美洲斑潜蝇在矮生菜豆上的种群垂直分布，利用嗅觉测定仪测定了植株不同部位叶片对美洲斑潜蝇的吸引程度的差异性，测量了矮生菜豆上、下部分叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度差异性，测定了矮生菜豆上、下部分叶片叶绿素含量、总糖含量、蛋白质含量差异性，并通过不同品种菜豆与美洲斑潜蝇的取食选择关系的试验分析它们与美洲斑潜蝇取食选择的关系。
初步研究了美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂——芦苇格姬小蜂的寄生行为。
结果表明：
1．美洲斑潜蝇在植株上的垂直分布主要呈聚集分布，成虫和幼虫集中在矮生菜豆的下部取食产卵。
2．美洲斑潜蝇对矮生菜豆上、下部叶片的次生物质的趋性没有显著差异。
3．矮生菜豆的上、下部分叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度有显著的差异性，下部叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度都显著小于上部叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度。
4．矮生菜豆的上、下部分叶片的叶绿素含量有显著的差异性，下部叶片的叶绿素含量显著多于上部叶片的叶绿素的含量。
5．矮生菜豆的上、下部分总糖含量有显著的差异性，上部叶片的总糖含量明显多于下部叶片总糖的含量。
6．矮生菜豆的上、下部分的蛋白质含量没有明显的差异性。
7．品种间试验表明叶片表皮毛的长度和密度对美洲斑潜蝇的寄主选择性影响最大，表皮毛的长度和密度值越大，美洲斑潜蝇越不趋向于取食。叶绿素的含量表现在叶片的颜色上，寄主植物的叶片越浓绿，对美洲斑潜蝇的吸引越大，这个因素影响较大。总糖含量对美洲斑潜蝇的取食有一定的影响，寄主植物叶片的总糖含量高时，它不十分愿意取食，但这个因素影响不是很大。寄主植物的叶片蛋白质含量对美洲斑潜蝇的取食选择有较大影响，其含量越高，美洲斑潜蝇越趋向于取食。
8．芦苇格姬小蜂为美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫寄生蜂，比较喜欢在美洲斑潜蝇的三龄幼虫上寄生。
The vertical distribution of leaf miner on Phaseolus vulgaris var.humilis Alef was investigated. The differences of the leaves at the different parts of the host plant attracting the leaf miner were detected by using olfactometer. The hair length and density of upper and lower leaves of the host plant were measured. The difference of the content of chlorophyll, total sugar and protein in the different parts of the host plant was determined. The relationship between the characters of different host bean varieties and feeding preference of leaf miner was studied.
The behavior of its parasitoid Pnigalio phragmitis Erdos was also studied.
The main results are summarized as follow:
1.The vertical distribution pattern of leaf miner on the host plant is aggregate. Both of adults and larvae prefer to feed in the lower leaves of the host plant.
2.There was no significant difference of secondary substance between upper and lower leaves.
3.The difference of the hair length and density of the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the hair length and density of the upper leaves are more than that of the lower.
4.The difference of the content of chlorophyl in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the content of chlorophyl in the upper leaves is less than the lower.
5.The difference of the content of total sugar in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the content of total sugar in the upper leaves is more than the lower.
6.The difference of the content of protein in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is not significant.
7.The hair length and density of leaves surface have the greatest effect on the feeding preference. The more of the hair length and density, the less of the feeding of the leaf miner on the host plant. The color of the leaves is decided by the content of chlorophyl. Deeper color leaves can attract more adults. The content of total sugar has a little effect on the leaf miner feed preference, but the content of protein has greater effect on the feeding preference. There is a positive relationship between the feeding preference of leaf miner and the content of the total sugar from its host plant.
8.The parasitoid of the leaf miner, Pnigalio phragmitis Erdos, prefers the third instar to parasitizing.
初步研究了美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂——芦苇格姬小蜂的寄生行为。
结果表明：
1．美洲斑潜蝇在植株上的垂直分布主要呈聚集分布，成虫和幼虫集中在矮生菜豆的下部取食产卵。
2．美洲斑潜蝇对矮生菜豆上、下部叶片的次生物质的趋性没有显著差异。
3．矮生菜豆的上、下部分叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度有显著的差异性，下部叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度都显著小于上部叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度。
4．矮生菜豆的上、下部分叶片的叶绿素含量有显著的差异性，下部叶片的叶绿素含量显著多于上部叶片的叶绿素的含量。
5．矮生菜豆的上、下部分总糖含量有显著的差异性，上部叶片的总糖含量明显多于下部叶片总糖的含量。
6．矮生菜豆的上、下部分的蛋白质含量没有明显的差异性。
7．品种间试验表明叶片表皮毛的长度和密度对美洲斑潜蝇的寄主选择性影响最大，表皮毛的长度和密度值越大，美洲斑潜蝇越不趋向于取食。叶绿素的含量表现在叶片的颜色上，寄主植物的叶片越浓绿，对美洲斑潜蝇的吸引越大，这个因素影响较大。总糖含量对美洲斑潜蝇的取食有一定的影响，寄主植物叶片的总糖含量高时，它不十分愿意取食，但这个因素影响不是很大。寄主植物的叶片蛋白质含量对美洲斑潜蝇的取食选择有较大影响，其含量越高，美洲斑潜蝇越趋向于取食。
8．芦苇格姬小蜂为美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫寄生蜂，比较喜欢在美洲斑潜蝇的三龄幼虫上寄生。
The vertical distribution of leaf miner on Phaseolus vulgaris var.humilis Alef was investigated. The differences of the leaves at the different parts of the host plant attracting the leaf miner were detected by using olfactometer. The hair length and density of upper and lower leaves of the host plant were measured. The difference of the content of chlorophyll, total sugar and protein in the different parts of the host plant was determined. The relationship between the characters of different host bean varieties and feeding preference of leaf miner was studied.
The behavior of its parasitoid Pnigalio phragmitis Erdos was also studied.
The main results are summarized as follow:
1.The vertical distribution pattern of leaf miner on the host plant is aggregate. Both of adults and larvae prefer to feed in the lower leaves of the host plant.
2.There was no significant difference of secondary substance between upper and lower leaves.
3.The difference of the hair length and density of the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the hair length and density of the upper leaves are more than that of the lower.
4.The difference of the content of chlorophyl in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the content of chlorophyl in the upper leaves is less than the lower.
5.The difference of the content of total sugar in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the content of total sugar in the upper leaves is more than the lower.
6.The difference of the content of protein in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is not significant.
7.The hair length and density of leaves surface have the greatest effect on the feeding preference. The more of the hair length and density, the less of the feeding of the leaf miner on the host plant. The color of the leaves is decided by the content of chlorophyl. Deeper color leaves can attract more adults. The content of total sugar has a little effect on the leaf miner feed preference, but the content of protein has greater effect on the feeding preference. There is a positive relationship between the feeding preference of leaf miner and the content of the total sugar from its host plant.
8.The parasitoid of the leaf miner, Pnigalio phragmitis Erdos, prefers the third instar to parasitizing.
引文
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2．陈乃中．蔬菜斑潜蝇的传播与危害．植物检疫，1995，(1)：6-9
3．康乐．美洲斑潜蝇生态学与持续控制．北京：科学出版社．1996，10～12
4．农业部全国植保总站．瓜菜斑潜蝇．北京：中国农业出版社．1995，33～45
5．余道坚，张润杰，周昌清，等．美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的研究．中山大学学报，2000，39(1)：86～90
6．刘箐，蒋玉文．美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性研究．中国蔬菜，1998，(1)：1～4
7．戴小华，尤民生，傅丽君．美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性初步研究．山东农业大学学报，2003，34(2)：202～205
8．鲍祖胜．美洲斑潜蝇的寄主选择性和适应性：[硕士论文]．浙江杭州：浙江农业大学，1998
9．王宏平．美洲斑潜蝇的发生因子及防治．植物检疫，1999，13(3)：63
10．邓望喜，李绍勤，汪钟信，等．主要蔬菜品种(系)对美洲斑潜蝇抗性的聚类分析．华中农业大学学报，2001，20(2)：114～117
11．娄永根，程家安．植物—植食性昆虫—天敌三营养层次的相互作用及其研究方法．应用生态学报，1997，8(3)：325～331
12．戴小华，尤民生，傅丽君．美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性与寄主植物叶片营养物质含量的关系．山东农业大学学报，2001，32(3)：311～313
13．戴小华，尤民生，傅丽君．氮、磷、钾对美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的影响．昆虫学报，2002，45(1)：145～147
14. Fagooneel, Toory V.. Preliminary investigations of host selection mechanisms by the leafiner Liriomyza trifolii. Insect Sci.Appl., 1983, 4(4): 337～341
15. M.W., Johnsom, ER., et al. The vegetable leafminer on fresh market tomato in Southern California. California Agriculture, 1984, 38(12): 10～11
16. M.W., Johnsom, ER., Oatman, et al. Natural control of Lirionmyza sative in pole tomatoes in Southern California Entomophaga. California Agriculture, 1980, 25:193～198
17. M.P., Parrella. A review of the history and taxonomy important serpentine Leafminers (Liriomyzaspp.) in California(Diptera: Agromydidae). Pan-Pacific-Entomologist, 1982, 58(4): 302～308
18. J.T., Trumble, H., et al. Occurrence parasitization and Sampling of Liriomyza species (Dipter: Agromyzidae) infesting celery in California. Environmental-Entomology, 1983, 12(3): 810～814
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