闸板防喷器关键密封件设计与研究
摘要
闸板防喷器是井控系统中最重要的设备,闸板胶芯和侧门密封等是闸板防喷器的关键密封件。目前国内闸板防喷器关键密封件存在的突出问题是:变径闸板密封范围小;侧门密封不可靠;橡胶材料不耐硫化氢,不能完全满足现场井控工艺要求。本课题针对上述问题开展了设计与研究。以FZ35-70闸板防喷器为研究对象,对其2 7/8″～5″变径闸板前密封进行了结构设计,应用MSC.Marc有限元软件对橡胶变形和应力进行了非线性分析,进行了产品型式试验;对侧门密封的失效原因进行了分析,计算了侧门变形,设计和试验了新型密封结构;对闸板胶芯橡胶材料的耐硫化氢性能进行了全面测试和评价。通过上述研究,研制成功2 7/8″～5″变径闸板前密封,探索了非线性有限元分析用于复杂弹性体模拟计算的新方法;提出了侧门变形的简化计算模型和计算方法,设计了两种新型密封结构,试验效果良好;测试表明氢化丁腈橡胶可用作耐高浓度硫化氢闸板胶芯,常用的丁腈橡胶闸板胶芯可在低浓度硫化氢环境短时间工作。
Ram BOP(Blowout preventer) is the most important equipment of well control system, ram packer and bonnet seal and so on are the key for the ram BOP. At present, there are some serious problems existing in ram BOP interiorly, for example, the sealing rang of VBR (variable ram) is narrow, sealing of the bonnet seal is unreliable, rubber material can not resistant H2S and can not meet with the requirements of the drilling location. Therefore, this article has a design and research for the rubber seal of ram BOP. In this article ,we focus on the FZ35-70 ram BOP, and have a structure design for the front seal of 2 7/8″～5″VBR, and have a non-linear analyse for the distortion and stress of rubber by using the FEA software , MSC.Marc, and then have a product test. At the same time, we have analyzed the failure reasons of bonnet seal, calculated the bend of bonnet, and designed and test new structure bonnet seal. Further more, we have test and evaluated the trim H2S material performance at all. We have developed and manufactured the ram packer of 2 7/8″～5″VBR, developed a new method to calculate the complicated elastomer by using non-linear FEA software, and brought a simple calculation model and control method. Then, we designed two kinds of new seal structure, the testing result is very well. According the test, it shows that the HNBR can be used as ram packer to resistant high concentration H2S, and NBR that we usually use can be worked in lower concentration H2S service in short time as ram packer.
Ram BOP(Blowout preventer) is the most important equipment of well control system, ram packer and bonnet seal and so on are the key for the ram BOP. At present, there are some serious problems existing in ram BOP interiorly, for example, the sealing rang of VBR (variable ram) is narrow, sealing of the bonnet seal is unreliable, rubber material can not resistant H2S and can not meet with the requirements of the drilling location. Therefore, this article has a design and research for the rubber seal of ram BOP. In this article ,we focus on the FZ35-70 ram BOP, and have a structure design for the front seal of 2 7/8″～5″VBR, and have a non-linear analyse for the distortion and stress of rubber by using the FEA software , MSC.Marc, and then have a product test. At the same time, we have analyzed the failure reasons of bonnet seal, calculated the bend of bonnet, and designed and test new structure bonnet seal. Further more, we have test and evaluated the trim H2S material performance at all. We have developed and manufactured the ram packer of 2 7/8″～5″VBR, developed a new method to calculate the complicated elastomer by using non-linear FEA software, and brought a simple calculation model and control method. Then, we designed two kinds of new seal structure, the testing result is very well. According the test, it shows that the HNBR can be used as ram packer to resistant high concentration H2S, and NBR that we usually use can be worked in lower concentration H2S service in short time as ram packer.
引文
[1] 苏尚文.许宏奇.我国防喷器技术进展及发展方向.石油机械.2001,29(增刊):101～107
[2] 署恒木.罗文丽.自封式封井器胶芯大变形分析.石油大学学报.1997,21(3):68～72
[3] INTERNATIONL STANDARD ISO13533,Petroleum and natural gas industries-Drilling and productionequipment-Drill-through equipment, Switzerland,ISO copyright office,2001
[4] API Specification 16A Third Edition, Specification forDrill-through equipment,Washington,API Publishing Service,2004
[5] 崔岚.液压闸板防喷器胶心的封井机理与结构参数设计.石油机械.1994,22(3):36～42
[6] 林军,崔岚,黄天兵.闸板防喷器胶心偏心距取值范围计算.石油械.1994,22(7):7～11
[7] 林军,伍开松. 闸板防喷器胶芯密封参数及结构优化.ACTA PETROLEI SIN ICA.1997,18(1):123～127
[8] 伍开松,林军.闸板防喷器主要结构参数的优化设计.机械设计.1995, (11):48～49
[9] 崔岚.液压闸板防喷器管子闸板胶芯的失效机理分析.石油学报.1994,15(3):102～110
[10] 陈健涛,姜鲁珍,熊红彦.防喷器胶芯的光弹试验研究. 辽宁工程技术大学学报.1999,18(5):558～559
[11] 孙祖臣,魏明扬.70MPa 液压防喷器胶心的研究.石油机械.1995,23(2):9～14
[12] Mcwhorter D J.“High-Temperature Variable Bore Ram Blowout Preventer Sealing” .1993 (OTC-7336) 713-718
[13] Williams John R.Variable bore packer assembly for ram-type blowout preventers .US Patent 4,229,012.April 28,1978
[14] Nelson..Blowout preventer having a variable ram seal.US Patent 4,332,367.June 1,1982
[15] Parks,Jr.Variable bore ram packing element and blowout preventer.US Patent 4,444,404.April 24,1984
[16] Palmer R.Developments in coiled tubing ram design27thAnn.SPEoffshoreTech.Conf:1995.05.01:Houston,Tex.Vol.4,63～69
[17] LIN C R,BUNCH P D, LI Y,BACARRECA L.“THERMAL ANALYSIS OF SUBSEA BLOWOUT PREVENTER”.1992 (OTC-6999) 145～152
[18] G.D.HLADUN,L.G.SPEDDING.“ColdWeatherperformance of service rig BOP ram elements”.CADE/CAODC SPRING DRILLING CONF (CALGARY, CAN, 4/26-28/89) PROC PAP NO 89～32.1989
[19] 张汝义.恶劣环境下工作的理想密封材料—氢化丁腈橡胶.原材料. 1998,(1):2～3
[20] В·Х·阿弗鲁辛科(苏)著,刘耀祖等译.橡胶密封.北京:机械工业出版社.1983
[21] 广廷洪,汪德寿.密封件使用手册.北京:机械工业出版社.1994.18～19
[22] 刘鸿文.材料力学(上册). 北京:人民教育出版社.1979.172～175
[23] 邵国华,魏兆灿等.超高压容器.北京:化学工业出版社. 2002.130～131
[24] 徐灏.密封.北京:冶金工业出版社.2002 114～115
[25] NACE Standard TM0187-2003,Evaluating Elastomeric Materials in Sour Gas Environments,NACE International.2004
[26] SY/T5053.1-2000,地面防喷器及控制装置,防喷器.北京:石油工业出版社.2001
[27] 左景伊.左禹.腐蚀数据与选材手册.北京:化学工业出版社.1995 .1074～1124
[28] 吕百龄,刘登祥.实用橡胶手册.北京:化学工业出版社.2001
[29] 邓本诚等编.橡胶并用与橡塑共混技术.北京:化学工业出版社.1998
[2] 署恒木.罗文丽.自封式封井器胶芯大变形分析.石油大学学报.1997,21(3):68～72
[3] INTERNATIONL STANDARD ISO13533,Petroleum and natural gas industries-Drilling and productionequipment-Drill-through equipment, Switzerland,ISO copyright office,2001
[4] API Specification 16A Third Edition, Specification forDrill-through equipment,Washington,API Publishing Service,2004
[5] 崔岚.液压闸板防喷器胶心的封井机理与结构参数设计.石油机械.1994,22(3):36～42
[6] 林军,崔岚,黄天兵.闸板防喷器胶心偏心距取值范围计算.石油械.1994,22(7):7～11
[7] 林军,伍开松. 闸板防喷器胶芯密封参数及结构优化.ACTA PETROLEI SIN ICA.1997,18(1):123～127
[8] 伍开松,林军.闸板防喷器主要结构参数的优化设计.机械设计.1995, (11):48～49
[9] 崔岚.液压闸板防喷器管子闸板胶芯的失效机理分析.石油学报.1994,15(3):102～110
[10] 陈健涛,姜鲁珍,熊红彦.防喷器胶芯的光弹试验研究. 辽宁工程技术大学学报.1999,18(5):558～559
[11] 孙祖臣,魏明扬.70MPa 液压防喷器胶心的研究.石油机械.1995,23(2):9～14
[12] Mcwhorter D J.“High-Temperature Variable Bore Ram Blowout Preventer Sealing” .1993 (OTC-7336) 713-718
[13] Williams John R.Variable bore packer assembly for ram-type blowout preventers .US Patent 4,229,012.April 28,1978
[14] Nelson..Blowout preventer having a variable ram seal.US Patent 4,332,367.June 1,1982
[15] Parks,Jr.Variable bore ram packing element and blowout preventer.US Patent 4,444,404.April 24,1984
[16] Palmer R.Developments in coiled tubing ram design27thAnn.SPEoffshoreTech.Conf:1995.05.01:Houston,Tex.Vol.4,63～69
[17] LIN C R,BUNCH P D, LI Y,BACARRECA L.“THERMAL ANALYSIS OF SUBSEA BLOWOUT PREVENTER”.1992 (OTC-6999) 145～152
[18] G.D.HLADUN,L.G.SPEDDING.“ColdWeatherperformance of service rig BOP ram elements”.CADE/CAODC SPRING DRILLING CONF (CALGARY, CAN, 4/26-28/89) PROC PAP NO 89～32.1989
[19] 张汝义.恶劣环境下工作的理想密封材料—氢化丁腈橡胶.原材料. 1998,(1):2～3
[20] В·Х·阿弗鲁辛科(苏)著,刘耀祖等译.橡胶密封.北京:机械工业出版社.1983
[21] 广廷洪,汪德寿.密封件使用手册.北京:机械工业出版社.1994.18～19
[22] 刘鸿文.材料力学(上册). 北京:人民教育出版社.1979.172～175
[23] 邵国华,魏兆灿等.超高压容器.北京:化学工业出版社. 2002.130～131
[24] 徐灏.密封.北京:冶金工业出版社.2002 114～115
[25] NACE Standard TM0187-2003,Evaluating Elastomeric Materials in Sour Gas Environments,NACE International.2004
[26] SY/T5053.1-2000,地面防喷器及控制装置,防喷器.北京:石油工业出版社.2001
[27] 左景伊.左禹.腐蚀数据与选材手册.北京:化学工业出版社.1995 .1074～1124
[28] 吕百龄,刘登祥.实用橡胶手册.北京:化学工业出版社.2001
[29] 邓本诚等编.橡胶并用与橡塑共混技术.北京:化学工业出版社.1998