数字档案馆小众化信息服务研究—理念与保障
|
摘要
小众化现象在公共信息传播业中已普遍存在。小众化信息服务由于尊重用户和用户信息素质、具有交流的全方位和多元性、较强的环境适应性和一定的启迪性、教育性等诸多优点,较之大众化和个性化信息服务更有利于实现信息资源的最优配置,更有助于增强包括数字档案馆在内的信息服务机构的市场竞争力。同时,由于档案信息存在密级,具有原始记录性等特征,本质上也要求实施小众化信息服务。
国外部分数字档案馆中已有小众化信息服务的特征和萌芽,也有提出分级分类信息服务或加强用户交流的相关研究。而国内学者和专家虽然越来越重视数字档案馆信息服务的“用户中心”模式,但对其信息服务理念研究主要集中于个性化服务,且现有的数字档案馆信息服务实践大多还属于“资源中心”型的大众化模式理念。本研究课题旨在论证小众化理念对于优化和提升数字档案馆信息服务的作用,并从法制、技术以及伦理等方面研究如何对数字档案馆小众化信息服务予以保障,以期推动信息服务的理念和方法创新,提升数字档案馆信息服务质量和效益。
文章首先阐释说明小众化信息服务的概念及内涵,并通过与大众化及个性化信息服务分别进行比较,论证小众化理念在信息服务中的现实价值;然后在分析我国数字档案馆信息服务现状的基础上,论述小众化信息服务之于数字档案馆的特殊意义及特点,并在模式借鉴的基础上尝试数字档案馆小众化信息服务的逻辑架构;接着从法律制度、技术、伦理以及评价机制等方面探讨如何保障数字档案馆小众化信息服务;最后实证分析美、英国家数字档案馆信息服务的小众化现象的特点与不足。
文章的创新之处主要有:深化了小众化信息服务理念的内涵,引申出“族群”平台内的多向信息交流;比较论述了小众化理念之于大众化和个性化在信息服务中的优势;论证了小众化理念对于数字档案馆信息服务的必要性和优越性;总结了大量网络信息交流模式,为数字档案馆小众化信息服务的逻辑架构提供借鉴;全面系统阐述了数字档案馆小众化信息服务的保障问题;从道德与利益关系的视角考察小众化信息服务的伦理问题;分析了美、英两国数字档案馆信息服务的案例,以便数字档案馆在实践小众化的信息服务时用以学习与借鉴。
Cluster is a ubiquitous phenomenon in mass media industry. Because of its advantages of user-respected character with their information quality caring, omni-directional and multi-subjective information exchange, well adaptability to environment as well as some kinds of edificational and instructional function, Cluster-oriented information service is more advantageous in deploying information resources, and is more helpful to enhance the market competition power of information service organizations such as digital archives than Mass-oriented and Individuation-oriented services. And on the other hand, digital archives need to offer Cluster-oriented information service essentially for the original and historic characteristics of record information with the existence of secrecy rank.
Some overseas digital archives have already had some symptoms of Cluster-oriented information service, and a few related studies has also proposed information service ideas of grade classification or how to strengthen user’s information exchange. Domestic scholars and experts, although have paid more attention to User-oriented modes in digital archives information services, focus mainly on Individuation-oriented information service, and some digital archives are still practising with a Resources-oriented service which belongs to Mass-oriented Ideas. This research aims to demonstrate the effect of Cluster-oriented Ideas in optimizing and promoting digital archives’information service, and seeks to guarantee Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives from aspects of law and management system, technic, ethics and so on, in order to impel by time impetus ideas and methods innovation in information service, and to promote the quality and efficiency of digital archives information service as well.
This article explains the concept and connotation of Cluster-oriented information service first, and analyzes its practical value in information services by comparing with Mass Ideas and Individuation Ideas respectively; And then, based on analysis of the actuality of digital archives’information service in our country, demonstrates the special significance and the characteristics of Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives, and sets forth a logical construction with Cluster-oriented Ideas in digital archives by reference of other information service patterns; Next, probes into guarantees of Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives from aspects of law and management system, technic, ethics and evaluation mechanism; And finally analyzes the Cluster-oriented characteristics of America’s and British’s national digital archives with their disadvantages as well.
Main innovation points of this article: Deepens the connotation of Cluster-oriented information service ideas as well as sets forth a multi-communication platform called Cluster; demonstrates the advantages of Cluster-oriented Ideas in information services by comparing it with Mass and Individuation ones respectively; Presents the necessity and superiority of Cluster-oriented Ideas in digital archives information service; Summarizes quite a few of network communication patterns as references for a logical construction of digital archives’Cluster-oriented information service; Gives a systematical analysis on guarantees of Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives; Surveys the ethical matters in Cluster-oriented information service from angle of view of relationships between moral and interest; Analyzes cases of information services in America’s and British’s national digital archives for learning and references in digital archives’information service practice based on Cluster-oriented Ideas.
国外部分数字档案馆中已有小众化信息服务的特征和萌芽,也有提出分级分类信息服务或加强用户交流的相关研究。而国内学者和专家虽然越来越重视数字档案馆信息服务的“用户中心”模式,但对其信息服务理念研究主要集中于个性化服务,且现有的数字档案馆信息服务实践大多还属于“资源中心”型的大众化模式理念。本研究课题旨在论证小众化理念对于优化和提升数字档案馆信息服务的作用,并从法制、技术以及伦理等方面研究如何对数字档案馆小众化信息服务予以保障,以期推动信息服务的理念和方法创新,提升数字档案馆信息服务质量和效益。
文章首先阐释说明小众化信息服务的概念及内涵,并通过与大众化及个性化信息服务分别进行比较,论证小众化理念在信息服务中的现实价值;然后在分析我国数字档案馆信息服务现状的基础上,论述小众化信息服务之于数字档案馆的特殊意义及特点,并在模式借鉴的基础上尝试数字档案馆小众化信息服务的逻辑架构;接着从法律制度、技术、伦理以及评价机制等方面探讨如何保障数字档案馆小众化信息服务;最后实证分析美、英国家数字档案馆信息服务的小众化现象的特点与不足。
文章的创新之处主要有:深化了小众化信息服务理念的内涵,引申出“族群”平台内的多向信息交流;比较论述了小众化理念之于大众化和个性化在信息服务中的优势;论证了小众化理念对于数字档案馆信息服务的必要性和优越性;总结了大量网络信息交流模式,为数字档案馆小众化信息服务的逻辑架构提供借鉴;全面系统阐述了数字档案馆小众化信息服务的保障问题;从道德与利益关系的视角考察小众化信息服务的伦理问题;分析了美、英两国数字档案馆信息服务的案例,以便数字档案馆在实践小众化的信息服务时用以学习与借鉴。
Cluster is a ubiquitous phenomenon in mass media industry. Because of its advantages of user-respected character with their information quality caring, omni-directional and multi-subjective information exchange, well adaptability to environment as well as some kinds of edificational and instructional function, Cluster-oriented information service is more advantageous in deploying information resources, and is more helpful to enhance the market competition power of information service organizations such as digital archives than Mass-oriented and Individuation-oriented services. And on the other hand, digital archives need to offer Cluster-oriented information service essentially for the original and historic characteristics of record information with the existence of secrecy rank.
Some overseas digital archives have already had some symptoms of Cluster-oriented information service, and a few related studies has also proposed information service ideas of grade classification or how to strengthen user’s information exchange. Domestic scholars and experts, although have paid more attention to User-oriented modes in digital archives information services, focus mainly on Individuation-oriented information service, and some digital archives are still practising with a Resources-oriented service which belongs to Mass-oriented Ideas. This research aims to demonstrate the effect of Cluster-oriented Ideas in optimizing and promoting digital archives’information service, and seeks to guarantee Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives from aspects of law and management system, technic, ethics and so on, in order to impel by time impetus ideas and methods innovation in information service, and to promote the quality and efficiency of digital archives information service as well.
This article explains the concept and connotation of Cluster-oriented information service first, and analyzes its practical value in information services by comparing with Mass Ideas and Individuation Ideas respectively; And then, based on analysis of the actuality of digital archives’information service in our country, demonstrates the special significance and the characteristics of Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives, and sets forth a logical construction with Cluster-oriented Ideas in digital archives by reference of other information service patterns; Next, probes into guarantees of Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives from aspects of law and management system, technic, ethics and evaluation mechanism; And finally analyzes the Cluster-oriented characteristics of America’s and British’s national digital archives with their disadvantages as well.
Main innovation points of this article: Deepens the connotation of Cluster-oriented information service ideas as well as sets forth a multi-communication platform called Cluster; demonstrates the advantages of Cluster-oriented Ideas in information services by comparing it with Mass and Individuation ones respectively; Presents the necessity and superiority of Cluster-oriented Ideas in digital archives information service; Summarizes quite a few of network communication patterns as references for a logical construction of digital archives’Cluster-oriented information service; Gives a systematical analysis on guarantees of Cluster-oriented information services in digital archives; Surveys the ethical matters in Cluster-oriented information service from angle of view of relationships between moral and interest; Analyzes cases of information services in America’s and British’s national digital archives for learning and references in digital archives’information service practice based on Cluster-oriented Ideas.
引文
[1] Wikipedia. Small Is Beautiful[OL].[2008-4-10]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_is_Beautiful#Content.
[2] Kelcy Shepherd. Selecting and Shaping Digital Projects: A Blueprint for Architectural Archives[J]. Art Documentation,2002,21(2):18-20.
[3] Sumati Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Mohinder Singh. Digital Reference Service[J]. Bulletin of Information Technology, 2004,24(6):11-18.
[4]胡昌平.信息服务与用户[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001:41.
[5]岳芃.采掘他山之石大众文摘与青年文摘比较谈[J].报刊之友,2002(1):40-41.
[6]马薇.“大众文艺”不妨试行“小众化”[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.ccmedu.com/bbs29_28504.html.
[7]蔡尚伟,陈维璐.美国2004总统大选中的小众传播[J].青年记者,2005(2):28,29.
[8]人民网.反对党八股.毛泽东选集(第三卷)[OL].[2007-12-12]. http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/69112/70190/70197/70353/4768494.html.
[9]濮端华.报纸的互浸与趋同——漫议大众化报纸与小众化报纸[J].新闻实践,2000(11):31,32.
[10]甘险峰.中国期刊业的“四化”[J].新闻出版导刊,2003(7):25-27.
[11]熊澄宇.从大众传播到分众传播[J].瞭望新闻周刊,2004(2):60.
[12]何屹.注意力经济下的档案信息服务[J].湖北档案,2005(8):11,12.
[13]中国互联网络信息中心.CNNIC发布《第20次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[OL]. [2007-12-19].http://www.cnnic.cn/html/Dir/2007/07/17/4722.htm.
[14]张凤萍.大众传媒的小众化运作——行业报市场化生存之路初探[J].报刊之友,2002(6):71,72.
[15]许亚荃.经济分层和小众化传播[J].企业经济,2004(8):90,91.
[16]赵水森.基于因特网的个性化信息服务研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2003(4):20-24.
[17]深圳档案网[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.szdaj.gov.cn/.
[18]青岛档案信息网[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.qdda.gov.cn/.
[19]北京市档案信息网[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.bjma.org.cn/Default.ycs.
[20]清华大学档案馆[OL].[2007-12-15].http://dag.cic.tsinghua.edu.cn/.
[21]北京大学档案馆[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.dag.pku.cn/.
[22]浙江大学档案馆[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.acv.zju.edu.cn/.
[23]韩宝华.档案文献编纂学教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999:6.
[24]黄霄羽.外国档案工作纵横论[M].北京:中国档案出版社,2002:105.
[25]杨公之.档案信息化建设实务[M].北京:中国档案出版社,2003:224,225.
[26]方兴东,王俊秀.博客——e时代的盗火者[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2003:35-39.
[27]吴锦辉.利用博客强化图书馆管理与服务的思考[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2007.
[28]冯桂珍,许剑颖.Web2.0在档案网站建设中的应用[J].兰台世界,2008(2):20-21.
[29]巴达.从论坛到社区[J].网络新生活,2007(3):64-65.
[30] hao123网址之家论坛社区[OL].[2008-4-25].http://www.hao123.com/club.htm.
[31]聂永有,费金玲.从即时通讯软件的迅速发展看网络经济效应的作用机理[J].经济师,2008(1):69-70.
[32]张杰.即时通讯,你了解多少[J].中国计算机用户,2004(7):54.
[33]马文良.QQ还是MSN[J].中关村,2005(9):72-75.
[34]刘家真.美国国家档案文件管理局的电子邮件文件管理规范及反馈评价综述[J].山西档案,1998(6):11-14.
[35]曾祥瑞.互联网信息检索[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002:281,282.
[36]罗丽丽.虚拟咨询服务的两种类型[J].图书情报工作,2003(3):86-88,31.
[37] Internet encyclopaedias go head to head.[2008-01-25]. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html.
[38]潘连根.关于数字档案馆隐私权保护问题的思考[J].档案时空,2006(6):17-19.
[39]耿志杰.数字档案馆个性化研究[D].南宁:广西民族大学,2007.
[40]肖文建,刘杰.论网络环境下档案信息传播中的隐私权保护[J].档案学通讯,2007(5):46-50.
[41]何振,周伟.论电子政务信息资源共建与共享的保障体系[J].现代情报,2005 (1):23-25.
[42]张畅,肖文建.关于《电子签名法》的几点认识[J].山西档案,2005(2):35-37.
[43]李志军.日本的知识产权战略与管理[J].科学与管理,2003(2):17-21.
[44]王媛媛,王广宇,王娟娟.从机构设置谈国家信息资源管理制度[J].情报杂志,2007(10):146-149.
[45]何振,蒋冠.国家档案资源整合与共享工程建设构想[J].档案学研究,2005(4):32-36.
[46]介白.方滨兴院士谈八大信息安全技术的创新点[J].中国传媒科技,2007(4):23-25.
[47]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响[J].图书情报工作,2007(11):46-49,82.
[48]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响[J].图书情报工作,2007(11):46-49,82.
[49]吕欣欣.Web2.0体验全民上网到全民织网[N].电脑报,2005-07-11(1).
[50]黄新荣.Web2.0对档案网站建设的影响[J].档案学研究,2006(6):42-45.
[51]网易学院.六度分隔理论[OL].[2005-09-08]. http://tech.163.com/05/0908/17/1T54OSV000091K8Q.html.
[52]冯桂珍,许剑颖.Web2.0在档案网站建设中的应用[J].兰台世界,2008(2):20-21.
[53]网络营销教学网站.什么是RSS?RSS及其发展历程[OL].[2005-01-03]. http://www.wm23.com/resource/R01/Internet_1005.htm.
[54] RSS地址大全.关于RSS[OL].[2008-04-25].http://www.haorss.com/about.asp.
[55]陈定权.RSS/ATOM:提高图书馆服务水平的新技术[J].图书馆学研究,2005(3):21-23,97.
[56]黄新荣.Web2.0对档案网站建设的影响[J].档案学研究,2006(6):42-45.
[57]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响[J].图书情报工作,2007(11):46-49,82.
[58]王云峰,陈雅.图书馆2.0:以用户为中心的互动模式[J].图书与情报,2007(1):73-76.
[59]王云峰,陈雅.图书馆2.0:以用户为中心的互动模式[J].图书与情报,2007(1):73-76.
[60] Chakrabartis,Van Den Berg M,Dom B.Focused crawling:a new approach to topic-specific Webresource discovery[J].Computer Networks,1999,31(1116):1623-1640.
[61]赵燕,陈晓云,莫明辉,等.基于用户群的智能主题爬虫[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007, 25(2):230-233.
[62]沙勇忠.国外信息伦理学述评[J].大学图书馆学报,2003(5):8-13.
[63]唐凯麟.伦理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:3,6.
[64]张照余,蒋卫荣.档案信息化过程中的信息伦理研究[J].浙江档案,2006(4):4,5.
[65]刘联盟.档案工作者职业道德素养三要素[J].陕西档案,1999(4):25.
[66]百度百科[OL].[2008-4-27].http://baike.baidu.com/view/152116.htm?fr=topic.
[67] Lipinski T A, Britz J. Rethinking the Ownership of Information in the 21st Century: Ethical Implications. Ethics and Information Technology.2000,3(2):49-71.
[68] Elkin-Koren N. The Privatization of Information Policy. Ethics and Information Technology.2000,3(2):201-209.
[69]王宏鑫.网络信息服务绩效评估指标的获取方法[J].情报杂志,2005(12):11-13.
[70]European Visual Archive[OL].[2008-3-26].http://www.eva-eu.org/en/.
[71]The National Archives Electronic Records Archives[OL].[2008-3-26].http://www.archives.gov/era/.
[72]于丽娟.国外数字档案馆建设概况[J].中国档案,2003(3):23,24.
[73] The National Archives.NDAD[OL].[2008-3-26].http://www.ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk/.
[74]李丹.档案馆在线信息服务模式研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[75]何屹.注意力经济下的档案信息服务[J].湖北档案,2005(8):11,12.
[2] Kelcy Shepherd. Selecting and Shaping Digital Projects: A Blueprint for Architectural Archives[J]. Art Documentation,2002,21(2):18-20.
[3] Sumati Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Mohinder Singh. Digital Reference Service[J]. Bulletin of Information Technology, 2004,24(6):11-18.
[4]胡昌平.信息服务与用户[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001:41.
[5]岳芃.采掘他山之石大众文摘与青年文摘比较谈[J].报刊之友,2002(1):40-41.
[6]马薇.“大众文艺”不妨试行“小众化”[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.ccmedu.com/bbs29_28504.html.
[7]蔡尚伟,陈维璐.美国2004总统大选中的小众传播[J].青年记者,2005(2):28,29.
[8]人民网.反对党八股.毛泽东选集(第三卷)[OL].[2007-12-12]. http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/69112/70190/70197/70353/4768494.html.
[9]濮端华.报纸的互浸与趋同——漫议大众化报纸与小众化报纸[J].新闻实践,2000(11):31,32.
[10]甘险峰.中国期刊业的“四化”[J].新闻出版导刊,2003(7):25-27.
[11]熊澄宇.从大众传播到分众传播[J].瞭望新闻周刊,2004(2):60.
[12]何屹.注意力经济下的档案信息服务[J].湖北档案,2005(8):11,12.
[13]中国互联网络信息中心.CNNIC发布《第20次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[OL]. [2007-12-19].http://www.cnnic.cn/html/Dir/2007/07/17/4722.htm.
[14]张凤萍.大众传媒的小众化运作——行业报市场化生存之路初探[J].报刊之友,2002(6):71,72.
[15]许亚荃.经济分层和小众化传播[J].企业经济,2004(8):90,91.
[16]赵水森.基于因特网的个性化信息服务研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2003(4):20-24.
[17]深圳档案网[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.szdaj.gov.cn/.
[18]青岛档案信息网[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.qdda.gov.cn/.
[19]北京市档案信息网[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.bjma.org.cn/Default.ycs.
[20]清华大学档案馆[OL].[2007-12-15].http://dag.cic.tsinghua.edu.cn/.
[21]北京大学档案馆[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.dag.pku.cn/.
[22]浙江大学档案馆[OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.acv.zju.edu.cn/.
[23]韩宝华.档案文献编纂学教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999:6.
[24]黄霄羽.外国档案工作纵横论[M].北京:中国档案出版社,2002:105.
[25]杨公之.档案信息化建设实务[M].北京:中国档案出版社,2003:224,225.
[26]方兴东,王俊秀.博客——e时代的盗火者[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2003:35-39.
[27]吴锦辉.利用博客强化图书馆管理与服务的思考[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2007.
[28]冯桂珍,许剑颖.Web2.0在档案网站建设中的应用[J].兰台世界,2008(2):20-21.
[29]巴达.从论坛到社区[J].网络新生活,2007(3):64-65.
[30] hao123网址之家论坛社区[OL].[2008-4-25].http://www.hao123.com/club.htm.
[31]聂永有,费金玲.从即时通讯软件的迅速发展看网络经济效应的作用机理[J].经济师,2008(1):69-70.
[32]张杰.即时通讯,你了解多少[J].中国计算机用户,2004(7):54.
[33]马文良.QQ还是MSN[J].中关村,2005(9):72-75.
[34]刘家真.美国国家档案文件管理局的电子邮件文件管理规范及反馈评价综述[J].山西档案,1998(6):11-14.
[35]曾祥瑞.互联网信息检索[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002:281,282.
[36]罗丽丽.虚拟咨询服务的两种类型[J].图书情报工作,2003(3):86-88,31.
[37] Internet encyclopaedias go head to head.[2008-01-25]. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html.
[38]潘连根.关于数字档案馆隐私权保护问题的思考[J].档案时空,2006(6):17-19.
[39]耿志杰.数字档案馆个性化研究[D].南宁:广西民族大学,2007.
[40]肖文建,刘杰.论网络环境下档案信息传播中的隐私权保护[J].档案学通讯,2007(5):46-50.
[41]何振,周伟.论电子政务信息资源共建与共享的保障体系[J].现代情报,2005 (1):23-25.
[42]张畅,肖文建.关于《电子签名法》的几点认识[J].山西档案,2005(2):35-37.
[43]李志军.日本的知识产权战略与管理[J].科学与管理,2003(2):17-21.
[44]王媛媛,王广宇,王娟娟.从机构设置谈国家信息资源管理制度[J].情报杂志,2007(10):146-149.
[45]何振,蒋冠.国家档案资源整合与共享工程建设构想[J].档案学研究,2005(4):32-36.
[46]介白.方滨兴院士谈八大信息安全技术的创新点[J].中国传媒科技,2007(4):23-25.
[47]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响[J].图书情报工作,2007(11):46-49,82.
[48]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响[J].图书情报工作,2007(11):46-49,82.
[49]吕欣欣.Web2.0体验全民上网到全民织网[N].电脑报,2005-07-11(1).
[50]黄新荣.Web2.0对档案网站建设的影响[J].档案学研究,2006(6):42-45.
[51]网易学院.六度分隔理论[OL].[2005-09-08]. http://tech.163.com/05/0908/17/1T54OSV000091K8Q.html.
[52]冯桂珍,许剑颖.Web2.0在档案网站建设中的应用[J].兰台世界,2008(2):20-21.
[53]网络营销教学网站.什么是RSS?RSS及其发展历程[OL].[2005-01-03]. http://www.wm23.com/resource/R01/Internet_1005.htm.
[54] RSS地址大全.关于RSS[OL].[2008-04-25].http://www.haorss.com/about.asp.
[55]陈定权.RSS/ATOM:提高图书馆服务水平的新技术[J].图书馆学研究,2005(3):21-23,97.
[56]黄新荣.Web2.0对档案网站建设的影响[J].档案学研究,2006(6):42-45.
[57]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响[J].图书情报工作,2007(11):46-49,82.
[58]王云峰,陈雅.图书馆2.0:以用户为中心的互动模式[J].图书与情报,2007(1):73-76.
[59]王云峰,陈雅.图书馆2.0:以用户为中心的互动模式[J].图书与情报,2007(1):73-76.
[60] Chakrabartis,Van Den Berg M,Dom B.Focused crawling:a new approach to topic-specific Webresource discovery[J].Computer Networks,1999,31(1116):1623-1640.
[61]赵燕,陈晓云,莫明辉,等.基于用户群的智能主题爬虫[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007, 25(2):230-233.
[62]沙勇忠.国外信息伦理学述评[J].大学图书馆学报,2003(5):8-13.
[63]唐凯麟.伦理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:3,6.
[64]张照余,蒋卫荣.档案信息化过程中的信息伦理研究[J].浙江档案,2006(4):4,5.
[65]刘联盟.档案工作者职业道德素养三要素[J].陕西档案,1999(4):25.
[66]百度百科[OL].[2008-4-27].http://baike.baidu.com/view/152116.htm?fr=topic.
[67] Lipinski T A, Britz J. Rethinking the Ownership of Information in the 21st Century: Ethical Implications. Ethics and Information Technology.2000,3(2):49-71.
[68] Elkin-Koren N. The Privatization of Information Policy. Ethics and Information Technology.2000,3(2):201-209.
[69]王宏鑫.网络信息服务绩效评估指标的获取方法[J].情报杂志,2005(12):11-13.
[70]European Visual Archive[OL].[2008-3-26].http://www.eva-eu.org/en/.
[71]The National Archives Electronic Records Archives[OL].[2008-3-26].http://www.archives.gov/era/.
[72]于丽娟.国外数字档案馆建设概况[J].中国档案,2003(3):23,24.
[73] The National Archives.NDAD[OL].[2008-3-26].http://www.ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk/.
[74]李丹.档案馆在线信息服务模式研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[75]何屹.注意力经济下的档案信息服务[J].湖北档案,2005(8):11,12.