陕西省山阳县南宽坪地区铜铅锌矿地质特征及控制因素
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摘要
研究区位于南秦岭褶皱带,其中褶皱、断层等构造相当发育,为成矿创造了绝佳的条件,山(阳)柞(水)旬(阳)贵、有色金属成矿区便位于其中。近年来,在研究区内(银厂沟—古墓沟、莲花池一带)及周边地区(陕南镇旬、大河坝—观音庵、凤太、马元)等发现了大量铅锌及铜银多金属矿床。笔者通过区内和周边矿区分析研究后,对研究区内矿体地质特征及控矿因素得出以下认识。
     区内出露地层主要为志留系—.泥盆系,志留系岩性为一套细碎屑岩组合,主要为深灰色含炭板岩、灰色千枚岩、炭硅质岩、炭质板岩夹含炭结晶灰岩。泥盆系底部发育有一套热水沉积岩,岩性主要为砂屑灰质燧石砾岩、含砾砂岩,上部岩性为含粗粒细砂岩、粉砂岩、含砾长石石英粗砂岩夹生物灰岩、砂质白云岩等。区内主要构造现象为褶皱、断层,南宽坪复背斜构造作用强烈,形态较复杂,往往形成不同级次的褶皱,早期断层主要为同沉积断层,形成于区域性伸展运动期间。根据断层、旋转碎斑系、雁列脉、S-C面理等构造推断,区内构造主要受南北向挤压作用控制及左旋剪切作用的影响。
     矿体硫同位素研究显示其来源较单一为沉积成因。单个包裹体均一温度(Th)都在95~135℃间具中低温成矿特征。盐度为4.9~11.5wt·%NaCI,多集中于7~10wt·%NaCI。是正常海水盐度(3.5wt·%NaCI)的2倍左右。
     区内矿体受到多种因素的控制,包括构造、层位和岩相等,矿体一般赋存在复背斜(Ⅱ级褶皱)次级向斜(Ⅲ级褶皱)的转折端,断裂构造对矿体的控制作用表现为:①对沉积盆地的控制,进而控制矿体的分布范围;②为含矿热液提供通道;③对矿体的改造富集。西岔河组下段及公馆组地层是区内的控矿层位。砾屑硅质岩、含砾砂屑硅质岩及白云岩是主要的赋矿岩石。成矿盆地无论在岩石组合特征还是矿化特征同周边地区均有显著差异,反映了岩相、岩性对成矿的控制作用。区内矿体成矿大致经历了正常沉积—热水沉积—构造改造作用。
     通过研究对比得知区内矿床属于沉积—改造型多金属矿床。
Study area is located in the South Qinling fold belt, which folds, faults and other structures in so developed, the ore has created excellent conditions for Shan(Yang) Zha (Shui) Xunlei(Yang) expensive, non-ferrous metal mine area will be located. In recent years, the study area (Yin Changgou-Tomb ditch, pond area) and surrounding areas (ZhenXun in Southern shaanxi DaHe dam-Goddess of Mercy Temple, Fengtai, MaYuan), and other found a lot of lead, zinc and copper and silver polymetallic deposits. Through analysis of the region and around the mining area, the geological characteristics of the study area and the ore body reached the following understanding of ore-controlling factors.
     Exposed area is mainly Silurian strata-Devonian, Silurian, lithology is a combination of fine-grained clastic rocks, mainly dark gray slate with charcoal gray phyllite, carbonaceous siliceous rocks and carbonaceous board folder containing carbon crystalline limestone rock. The bottom of the Devonian sedimentary rocks developed a set of hot water, lithology is mainly calcarenite gray chert conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, the upper coarse-grained lithology with fine sandstone, siltstone, pebbly coarse feldspar and quartz sandstone biogenic limestone, sandy dolomite and so on.Phenomenon as a major regional tectonic folds and faults, south anticline Kuanping role of a strong recovery, form more complex, often folding to form a different class times, early synsedimentary fault fault mainly formed during the stretching exercises at the regional. According to the fault, rotation spot broken line, en-echelon veins, S-C foliation inferred structures such as the region is mainly affected by north-south tectonic compression control and sinistral shear effects.
     Sulfur isotope studies have shown ore than a single source for the sedimentary origin.Individual homogenization temperature (Th) are 95~135℃with the temperature between the mineralization characteristics. Salinity of 4.9~11.5wt·% NaCI, and more focused on the 7~10wt·% NaCI. Normal seawater salinity (3.5 wt·% NaCI) about 2 times.
     Ore zone of control by many factors, including the structure, and rock layers are equal, there is anticlinorium ore generally Fu (Ⅱgrade fold) secondary syncline (Ⅲgrade fold) of the turn end of the faults of mine Control of the body as follows:①the control of sedimentary basins, and thus control the distribution of ore bodies;②provide access for the ore-bearing hydrothermal;③the transformation of ore enrichment. West Chahe group formation in the lower and the residence district, and is controlled seam position.Dolorudite chert, pebbly sand, and chert debris is the main ore dolomite rock. Basin in terms of forming characteristics of rock or mineralization with the surrounding area were significantly different, reflecting the lithofacies, lithology control on the mineralization effect. The region has gone through the normal ore ore-deposit hot water deposition the role of structural transformation.
     Contrast that region by studying the deposit is a deposit-modified type polymetallic deposits.
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