1-MCP对黄冠梨和丰水梨采后生理及贮藏效果的影响
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摘要
黄冠梨和丰水梨是早、中熟梨品种中的主要栽培品种,国内外市场供不应求。本文系统研究了不同采收期和不同处理时间(后熟)黄冠梨和丰水梨果实对1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)作用效果的影响,找出适合1-MCP处理对黄冠和丰水梨的适宜指标,确定黄冠梨和丰水梨最佳采收期和最佳处理时间,进一步为1-MCP在黄冠梨和丰水梨商业化合理应用提供理论依据。
结果表明:1-MCP处理不同采收期的黄冠和丰水梨与对照相比,抑制了乙烯生成速率和呼吸强度,并推迟了呼吸高峰出现的时间;明显延缓了果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量、SOD活性及腐烂率的下降;显著抑制了丙二醛含量、膜透性和PPO活性的升高,对果皮褐斑病无明显影响,其中采后贮藏品质最好的为8月18日采收的黄冠梨和8月10日采收的丰水梨。采后黄冠梨和丰水梨的不同后熟时间对1-MCP处理效果有较大的影响,后熟时间越长,1-MCP处理保鲜效果相对越差。但适当的后熟可以增加果实的风味、口感及其它食用品质。河北藁城地区06年8月10采收的黄冠梨,考虑到果皮褐斑病的影响,采后当天1-MCP处理效果最佳。06年8月18日采收的丰水梨,若做长期贮藏,采后当天1-MCP处理效果最佳,若短期贮藏后很快上市,5d后熟1-MCP处理最佳。
Huangguan and Housui are the most important early middle maturity of pear-cultivars, demand exceeds supply in domestic and overseas market. We have studied systematically that Huangguan and Housui in different picking time and different afterripening postharvest were treated by 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP),and found out suitable index, and then confirmed the feasible picking time and the optimal time, furthermore provided the theoretical basis in commercial in resonable application .
As a result, Huangguan and Housui pears were treated by 1-MCP compared with control in different picking time, 1-MCP treatment controlled ethylene production and respiration rate , and postponed the time of respiration peaks; significantly delayed the decline of flesh firmness, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity content, Vc content, SOD activity and decay rate; Obviously inhibited the increasing of MDA content、membrane relative permeability and PPO activity, but 1-MCP treatment is not the key on Browning spot of Huangguan pear. In a word, Huangguan pears’appropriate collection time is Aug 18,2006 from the quilaty of storage, and Housui pears’appropriate collection time is Aug,10 2006. different afterripening time of Huangguan and Housui pears is important, the longer the time of afterripening, the worse the storability. But proper afterripening may enhance the flavor,taste and other edible quality. In Hebei Gaocheng, if Huangguan pears collection time is Aug 10,2006, in considering of browning spot of Huangguan pears,we proposal made 5 days afterripening. Housui pears’collection time is Aug 18, 06, if stored a period of time, the appropriate afterripening time is collection same day, if stored short term, the appropriate afterripening time is 5 days.
结果表明:1-MCP处理不同采收期的黄冠和丰水梨与对照相比,抑制了乙烯生成速率和呼吸强度,并推迟了呼吸高峰出现的时间;明显延缓了果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量、SOD活性及腐烂率的下降;显著抑制了丙二醛含量、膜透性和PPO活性的升高,对果皮褐斑病无明显影响,其中采后贮藏品质最好的为8月18日采收的黄冠梨和8月10日采收的丰水梨。采后黄冠梨和丰水梨的不同后熟时间对1-MCP处理效果有较大的影响,后熟时间越长,1-MCP处理保鲜效果相对越差。但适当的后熟可以增加果实的风味、口感及其它食用品质。河北藁城地区06年8月10采收的黄冠梨,考虑到果皮褐斑病的影响,采后当天1-MCP处理效果最佳。06年8月18日采收的丰水梨,若做长期贮藏,采后当天1-MCP处理效果最佳,若短期贮藏后很快上市,5d后熟1-MCP处理最佳。
Huangguan and Housui are the most important early middle maturity of pear-cultivars, demand exceeds supply in domestic and overseas market. We have studied systematically that Huangguan and Housui in different picking time and different afterripening postharvest were treated by 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP),and found out suitable index, and then confirmed the feasible picking time and the optimal time, furthermore provided the theoretical basis in commercial in resonable application .
As a result, Huangguan and Housui pears were treated by 1-MCP compared with control in different picking time, 1-MCP treatment controlled ethylene production and respiration rate , and postponed the time of respiration peaks; significantly delayed the decline of flesh firmness, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity content, Vc content, SOD activity and decay rate; Obviously inhibited the increasing of MDA content、membrane relative permeability and PPO activity, but 1-MCP treatment is not the key on Browning spot of Huangguan pear. In a word, Huangguan pears’appropriate collection time is Aug 18,2006 from the quilaty of storage, and Housui pears’appropriate collection time is Aug,10 2006. different afterripening time of Huangguan and Housui pears is important, the longer the time of afterripening, the worse the storability. But proper afterripening may enhance the flavor,taste and other edible quality. In Hebei Gaocheng, if Huangguan pears collection time is Aug 10,2006, in considering of browning spot of Huangguan pears,we proposal made 5 days afterripening. Housui pears’collection time is Aug 18, 06, if stored a period of time, the appropriate afterripening time is collection same day, if stored short term, the appropriate afterripening time is 5 days.
引文
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2 董忠义,董晓彤.梨的营养与药用功效[J].北方园艺,1996,4:36
3 马文会,黄冠梨的贮藏保鲜技术[J]. 河北科技报.2004,6
4 关军峰,及华,冯云宵等.黄冠梨果皮褐斑病与 Ca,Mg,K 营养的关系[J].华北农学报,2006.21(3), 125～128
5 郝素平,催兰耀.皇冠梨在藁城的栽培表现及发展建议[J].河北果树,2004,4:25
6 张振英,姜中武,于强. 丰水梨生物学特性及栽培要点[J].山西果树,2000,3, 36～37
7 张琳等. 套袋处理对黄金梨和丰水梨果实品质的影响[J].山西果树,2004,3, 8～10
8 翟进升,刘艳红,郑泉.环丙烯类乙烯作用抑制剂在园艺产品采后保鲜上的应用[J].上海水产大学学报,2004,13(4):353-358
9 张明晶,姜微波,刘红霞.1-甲基环丙烯在控制香蕉果实后熟方面的应用[J].食品工业科技,2003,24(7):67-69
10 Serek M,Sisler E C,Reid M S.Novel gaseous ethylene binding inhibitor prevents ethylene effects in potted flowering plants [J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1994:199(66):1230-1233
11 刘红霞,姜微波,罗云波.1-甲基环丙烯在果蔬采后保鲜中的作用[J].北方园艺,2003,27(3):74-75
12 Sisler E C,Serek M.Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level:Recent developments [J].Physiologia Plantarum,1997,100(3):577-582
13 魏好程,潘永贵,仇厚援.1-MCP 对采后果蔬生理及品质影响的研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2003,22(3):307-312
14 孙希生,刘凤之,王志华,等.时新保鲜剂在苹果贮藏上的应用[J].落叶果树,2004,39(3):31-34
15 刘元寿,颉敏华.1-MCP 在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用[J].甘肃农业科技,2005,(4):31-33.
16 张明晶,姜微波,刘红霞.1-甲基环丙烯在控制香蕉果实后熟方面的应用[J].食品工业科技,2003,24(7):67-69
17 Sisler E C,Serek M.Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level:Recent developments [J].Physiologia Plantarum,1997,100(3):577-582
18 新农药介绍[J].农药科学与管理,2004,26(2):47-48
19 Sisler E C,Dupille E,Serek M.Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene and methyle- necyclopropane on ethylene binding and ethylene action on cut carnations [J].Plant Growth Regulation,1996,18(1-2):79-86
20 Sisler E C,Serek M.Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level:Recent developments [J].Physiologia Plantarum,1997,100(3):577-582
21 Blankenship S M,Dole J M.1-Methylcyclopropene:a review [J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2003,28(1):1-25
22 韩冬芳,马书尚,王鹰,等.1-MCP 对新红星苹果乙烯代谢和贮藏品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2003,30(1):11-14
23 Rupasinghe H P V,Murr D P, Paliyath G, et al. Inhibitory effect of 1-MCP and superficial scald development in “McIntosh” and “Delicious” apple [J].Journal of Horticultural Science& Biotechnology,2000,75(3):271-276
24 孙希生,王文辉,王志华,等.1-MCP 对红富士苹果采后保鲜的影响[J].中国果树,2003,(1):8-11
25 孙希生,王文辉,王志华,等.‘乔纳金’苹果采后 1-MCP 处理对常温贮藏效果的影响[J].园艺学报,2003,30(1):90-92
26 高敏,张继澍.1-甲基环丙烯对红富士苹果酶促褐变的影响(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(6):35-37
27 Jiang Y M,Joyce D C,Macnish A J.Extension of the shelf life of banana fruit by 1-methylcyclopropene in combination with polyethylenebags[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,1999,16(2):187-193
28 吴振先,张延亮,陈永明,等.1-甲基环丙烯处理对不同成熟阶段香蕉果实后熟的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2001,22(4):15-18
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