大跨度机库屋盖结构的风荷载及风振响应研究
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摘要
维修机库跨度大、自振频率低,体型高大、扁平,其屋盖结构的刚度与质量分布不均匀、承受荷载复杂,风荷载是控制其屋面结构设计的主要荷载之一。目前,国内外对于大跨度机库的风洞试验和风振响应研究很少,我国规范给出的相关参数亦不能满足此类结构的抗风设计需要,因此深入研究大跨度机库屋盖结构的风荷载具有重要的工程应用价值和学术价值。本文结合风洞试验、理论分析、数值计算等多种手段,对大跨度机库结构的风压分布规律及其屋盖结构风振响应进行了较系统的研究,提出了针对大跨度机库的风荷载体型系数建议值和风振系数的实用计算方法。本文主要完成以下几方面工作:
     (1)基于三个机库风洞试验,特别是A380机库风洞试验的结果,分析研究了机库屋面平均风压和脉动风压的分布特征和变化规律,探讨了女儿墙对大跨度机库屋面平均风压和脉动风压的影响,比较了门窗不同开启情况下机库内压的变化规律,得到了屋面风压谱的频谱特征,并根据屋面区域给出了风压谱的拟合公式。
     (2)针对不同机库屋盖形式,分析了风振响应特性,比较了参与振型数目、模态交叉项、阻尼比等频域参数对大跨度屋盖结构风振响应的影响。采用本文的风压谱拟合公式,对A380机库屋盖进行了风振响应分析,得到了脉动风荷载下屋盖结构响应的分布规律和频谱特征。利用数值模拟的风荷载时程,对A380机库屋盖结构进行了风振响应时程分析,并与频域法的计算结果进行对比。
     (3)根据现有风洞试验的分析结果及国内外相关规范的规定,提出了大型机库结构风荷载体型系数的取值建议,并与现行荷载规范的规定进行对比分析。利用大规模参数分析结果,拟合出适用于72m~150m单跨机库网架屋盖风振系数的实用公式,并对A380机库屋盖结构的风振系数和等效静风荷载进行研究。
     (4)总结上述分析结果,探讨大跨度机库的抗风设计参数和设计原则,为大跨度机库的抗风设计提出了一套科学完整的计算分析方法。
Wind load is one of the major loads for large-span aircraft hangar’s design due to its high flexibility, low natural-frequency, flat shape, irregular distribution of mass and stiffness as well as sensitivity to different load cases. Up to now, less research has been done on wind tunnel test and wind-induced dynamic response of large-span hangars around world, and the design parameters of wind load given by current Codes for the design of building structures are not applicable to such long-span structures. Therefore, it is of vital importance in theory and engineering practice to further understand the wind loads of large-span hangar structures. Wind tunnel test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been carried out hereby to investigate the wind loading distribution and wind-induced dynamic response on hangars. The wind load shape factors and wind fluttering factors have been presented. The main research work covered in this paper includes:
     (1)Based on the results of three large-span hangar structures obtained from wind tunnel tests, distributions of mean/fluctuating wind pressures coefficient contours, influences of wind pressures by parapets, internal pressures in different door-open conditions, are investigated. The characteristics of wind pressure spectra on roof are studied and the fitted formula is provided by using MATLAB optimization tools.
     (2)The wind-induced responses are analyzed for different types of hangar roof structures using frequency-domain method. Some important parameters including modal numbers, cross terms of modals, damping ratios are discussed carefully. The fitting formulas of wind pressures spectra based on wind tunnel test are adopted for A380 hangar wind-induced response analysis. The time-domain method is also adopted to perform the wind-induced dynamic analysis for A380 hangar roof and its calculated results are compared with that of analyzed by frequency-domain analysis.
     (3)The wind load shape factors suitable for large-span hangar structures are presented according to the wind tunnel tests results and the provisions from foreign Codes. After large-scale parametric analysis, a practical formula of wind fluttering factors for 72m to 150m single span hangars is proposed. The equivalent static wind loads are analyzed for A380 hangar.
     (4)In terms of the analysis results above, the wind-resistant design parameters and principles are discussed and a scientific calculated method for wind-resistance design of large-span hangars is proposed.
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