磁爆加载作用机理研究
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摘要
磁流体动力爆炸加载技术(简称磁爆加载技术)是高效毁伤领域未来发展的一种新概念技术。它创新性地采用了爆轰到强磁场过程易于控制的磁场聚焦方法,利用爆磁压缩发生器供能强磁体,产生脉冲磁动力,进而加载磁场内部的作用介质直接形成毁伤元或对传统爆炸形成的毁伤元进行加速。该技术利用了非毁伤元驱动方向的炸药能量,将其转化为电磁能,可提高装药的能量利用率,同时,理论上只要能量足够,磁动力几乎没有上限,可超过传统炸药爆炸的驱动力幅值,这将显著提升毁伤元的打击效能。未来,该技术的成果在攻坚弹药、反装甲弹药、反导弹药等多种类型的高效毁伤弹药中有着广阔的应用前景。当前进行该技术的机理研究,对于未来进行新概念高效毁伤元的技术开发,具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。
本文研究的内容主要包括：
(1)磁爆加载过程的理论模型研究
在各物理场分别作用的假设下,将磁爆加载过程离散为实际同时作用的“电路”、“磁场”和“力场”三个物理场。顺序利用等效电路模型、磁场计算模型和磁动力加载模型,从而建立了描述该过程的“电-磁-力”多物理场顺序耦合理论模型。
(2)爆磁压缩发生器与强磁体的耦合研究
基于(1)中的理论模型,研究了爆磁压缩发生器与强磁体的匹配关系,以及在爆磁压缩发生器驱动下,不同结构强磁体的磁场分布特性,还按照作用介质形成毁伤元的要求,进行了强磁体的结构优化。
(3)强磁体对介质的加载成形研究
在分析介质成形的影响因素基础上,按照理论模型,结合数值方法,获得了以脉冲电容器为能源时多层并联型强磁体加载介质成形的初步规律,还进行了介质成形的效率分析。这为后续开展磁爆加载过程的系统仿真和相关试验研究提供了指导。
(4)磁爆加载过程的系统仿真研究
利用编制的电路参数计算程序,以及Maxwell和AUTODYN软件,分析了爆磁压缩发生器的装药和固有磁通损耗系数对其性能的影响,并优化了初始输入电流,最终预测了爆磁压缩发生器实爆加载时,不同结构介质的成形特点和规律。这为实弹试验研究提供了结果估计和设计指导。
(5)磁爆加载的相关试验研究
分别进行了磁爆加载的原理和模拟试验研究,以及在爆磁压缩发生器实爆加载时的实弹试验研究。原理试验主要验证了技术概念,确定可行性,并认识可能出现的宏观现象。模拟试验主要分析了在不同作用磁场条件下,两种材料和结构介质的冲击变形特性,为实弹试验进行基础条件准备。实弹试验首先进行了量测系统的标定,各关键元件的工艺设计及加工,然后进行了磁爆加载介质成形的实弹试验,最终系统验证了理论和仿真模型。
Magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading technology is a new concept technology for the future development in the field of high-efficiency damage, in which media are directly formed into damage elements or the traditional damage elements are acceletrated by pulse magnetic dynamic load which is generated by a high field magnet powered by a flux compression generator (FCG). The magnetic field focusing methods are innovatively applied in this technology so that the explosive energy in the non-driven direction is converted into electromagnetic energy, and higher total energy conversion efficiency of explosive is acquired. According to theoretical analysis, as long as the energy supply is sufficient, the peak value of the magnetic load has no limits. The peak value of the magnetic load could exceed the explosive load, so the damage elements are formed by the magnetic load would be more efficient.In the future, the achievements of this technology would be widely used in a variety of ammunition design, such as anti-hard structure munitions, anti-armor munitions, anti-missile ammunitions, etc. It is of important theoretical value and guiding significance to carry out mechanism research on this technology at the present time, and this work would also promote the development of other new concept high-efficiency damage technologies.
The following aspects are included in this paper:
(1) Research on theoretical model of the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process
Under the hypothesis of physical fields acting respectively, the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process is divided into three physical fields of "circuit","magnetic field" and "field of force" which act simultaneously in effect.The equivalent circuit model, magnetic field calculation model and magnetic dynamic loading model are used in succession, so the theoretical model of multiple physical fields coupling for deccribing this process is established.
(2) Research on coupling of FCG with high field magnets
In view of the theoretical model in (1), the matching relationship of FCGs and high field magnets, and the magnetic field distribution characteristics of high field magnets of different structures driven by FCGs are studied. Further more, according to the requirements of damage elements formed by action media, the structures of high field magnets are optimized.
(3) Research on media forming loaded by high field magnets
Basing on an analysis of the influential factors on media forming, according to theoretical model, also with numerical methods, the preliminary law of media forming loaded by conventional multi-layer parallel high field magnets which are powered by pulse capacitors is acquired, and the forming efficiency is analyzed in the meanwhile. This work provides guidance for a follow-up research about system simulation and relevent experiments of the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process.
(4) Research on system simulation of the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process
Using the circuit parameters calculation program, Maxwell and AUTODYN software, charge and intrinsic flux loss coefficient of FCGs the influence on its performance is analyzed, the initial input current value of FCGs is also optimized. Finally, on the condition that high field magnets are powered by FCGs, the law of the magnetic field distribution and the forming characteristics of media of different structures are forecasted. This work provides estimated results and design guidance for experimental research of live ammunition.
(5) Related experimental research of magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading
Principle experiments, simulation experiments and live ammunition experiments are carried out respectively. In the principle experiments, technical concepts are identified, the feasibility is determined, and some macroscopic phenomena are recognized. In the simulation experiments, impact deformation of the media made of two types of materials and with different structures is studied; the results of the theoretical model and simulation are identified also.This work prepares basic conditions for the live ammunition experiments.In the live ammunition experiments, preparatory work such as calibration of measurement system, process design and machining of key devices is done at first, then the live ammunition experiments are carried out, the theoretical model and simulation model are systematically identified finally.
本文研究的内容主要包括：
(1)磁爆加载过程的理论模型研究
在各物理场分别作用的假设下,将磁爆加载过程离散为实际同时作用的“电路”、“磁场”和“力场”三个物理场。顺序利用等效电路模型、磁场计算模型和磁动力加载模型,从而建立了描述该过程的“电-磁-力”多物理场顺序耦合理论模型。
(2)爆磁压缩发生器与强磁体的耦合研究
基于(1)中的理论模型,研究了爆磁压缩发生器与强磁体的匹配关系,以及在爆磁压缩发生器驱动下,不同结构强磁体的磁场分布特性,还按照作用介质形成毁伤元的要求,进行了强磁体的结构优化。
(3)强磁体对介质的加载成形研究
在分析介质成形的影响因素基础上,按照理论模型,结合数值方法,获得了以脉冲电容器为能源时多层并联型强磁体加载介质成形的初步规律,还进行了介质成形的效率分析。这为后续开展磁爆加载过程的系统仿真和相关试验研究提供了指导。
(4)磁爆加载过程的系统仿真研究
利用编制的电路参数计算程序,以及Maxwell和AUTODYN软件,分析了爆磁压缩发生器的装药和固有磁通损耗系数对其性能的影响,并优化了初始输入电流,最终预测了爆磁压缩发生器实爆加载时,不同结构介质的成形特点和规律。这为实弹试验研究提供了结果估计和设计指导。
(5)磁爆加载的相关试验研究
分别进行了磁爆加载的原理和模拟试验研究,以及在爆磁压缩发生器实爆加载时的实弹试验研究。原理试验主要验证了技术概念,确定可行性,并认识可能出现的宏观现象。模拟试验主要分析了在不同作用磁场条件下,两种材料和结构介质的冲击变形特性,为实弹试验进行基础条件准备。实弹试验首先进行了量测系统的标定,各关键元件的工艺设计及加工,然后进行了磁爆加载介质成形的实弹试验,最终系统验证了理论和仿真模型。
Magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading technology is a new concept technology for the future development in the field of high-efficiency damage, in which media are directly formed into damage elements or the traditional damage elements are acceletrated by pulse magnetic dynamic load which is generated by a high field magnet powered by a flux compression generator (FCG). The magnetic field focusing methods are innovatively applied in this technology so that the explosive energy in the non-driven direction is converted into electromagnetic energy, and higher total energy conversion efficiency of explosive is acquired. According to theoretical analysis, as long as the energy supply is sufficient, the peak value of the magnetic load has no limits. The peak value of the magnetic load could exceed the explosive load, so the damage elements are formed by the magnetic load would be more efficient.In the future, the achievements of this technology would be widely used in a variety of ammunition design, such as anti-hard structure munitions, anti-armor munitions, anti-missile ammunitions, etc. It is of important theoretical value and guiding significance to carry out mechanism research on this technology at the present time, and this work would also promote the development of other new concept high-efficiency damage technologies.
The following aspects are included in this paper:
(1) Research on theoretical model of the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process
Under the hypothesis of physical fields acting respectively, the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process is divided into three physical fields of "circuit","magnetic field" and "field of force" which act simultaneously in effect.The equivalent circuit model, magnetic field calculation model and magnetic dynamic loading model are used in succession, so the theoretical model of multiple physical fields coupling for deccribing this process is established.
(2) Research on coupling of FCG with high field magnets
In view of the theoretical model in (1), the matching relationship of FCGs and high field magnets, and the magnetic field distribution characteristics of high field magnets of different structures driven by FCGs are studied. Further more, according to the requirements of damage elements formed by action media, the structures of high field magnets are optimized.
(3) Research on media forming loaded by high field magnets
Basing on an analysis of the influential factors on media forming, according to theoretical model, also with numerical methods, the preliminary law of media forming loaded by conventional multi-layer parallel high field magnets which are powered by pulse capacitors is acquired, and the forming efficiency is analyzed in the meanwhile. This work provides guidance for a follow-up research about system simulation and relevent experiments of the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process.
(4) Research on system simulation of the magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading process
Using the circuit parameters calculation program, Maxwell and AUTODYN software, charge and intrinsic flux loss coefficient of FCGs the influence on its performance is analyzed, the initial input current value of FCGs is also optimized. Finally, on the condition that high field magnets are powered by FCGs, the law of the magnetic field distribution and the forming characteristics of media of different structures are forecasted. This work provides estimated results and design guidance for experimental research of live ammunition.
(5) Related experimental research of magneto-hydrodynamic explosive loading
Principle experiments, simulation experiments and live ammunition experiments are carried out respectively. In the principle experiments, technical concepts are identified, the feasibility is determined, and some macroscopic phenomena are recognized. In the simulation experiments, impact deformation of the media made of two types of materials and with different structures is studied; the results of the theoretical model and simulation are identified also.This work prepares basic conditions for the live ammunition experiments.In the live ammunition experiments, preparatory work such as calibration of measurement system, process design and machining of key devices is done at first, then the live ammunition experiments are carried out, the theoretical model and simulation model are systematically identified finally.
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