拜耳赤泥加工制备富钛料
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摘要
赤泥是铝土矿提取氧化铝之后产生的废渣。在普通条件下,采用拜尔法工艺每生产1t Al_2O_3要产生约0.5～2.5t赤泥,而赤泥中含有百分之五左右的TiO_2,在TiO_2需求量不断增加而资源逐渐减少的今天,赤泥有可能成为生产TiO_2的重要资源之一。本文通过对TiO_2回收过程中主要影响因素的研究,探索回收的最佳条件,为从赤泥中提取有价金属提供实验数据。
采用化学分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等分析方法,对赤泥的相组成进行了分析,查明了赤泥的矿物成分为钠硅渣、钙硅渣、含铁钙硅渣、白云母、鲕绿泥石、赤铁矿、一水硬铝石、钙钛矿、方解石、锐钛矿等。盐酸浸出赤泥的热力学分析表明,在40-100℃之间的温度下,赤泥的主要化学成分Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、CaO、和Na_2O与盐酸反应的△G~θ值都小于零。即在常压条件下,赤泥中的Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+都能很好的进入到浸出液中而赤泥中的二氧化钛不与稀盐酸反应,留在赤泥渣中,使的二氧化钛的品位得以提高。并从动力学方面分析了浸出试验中需要考虑的影响因数。
浸出实验中,通过单因素实验探索了浸出时间、浸出温度、盐酸浓度、盐酸过量系数对氧化铁、氧化铝浸出率和二氧化钛品位的影响,并针对影响二氧化钛品位的因素进行正交实验研究,经过极差分析得出:影响最大的因素是浸出温度,最佳浸出条件为:浸出温度90℃、酸过量系数为1.0、浸出时间为1.5小时、盐酸浓度为6.5Mol/L。验证实验表明在最优实验条件下二氧化钛的品位可以由原来的5.67%提高到28%以上。
Red mud is the residue of alumina production.Generally there is around 0.5～2.5t red mud while 1t alumina was produced via bayer method craft,and around 5% is TiO_2 in the residue red mud.Currently the requirements for TiO_2 increase when our limited resource-decrease day by day,in that case red mud is supposed to be one most important raw material for getting TiO_2.I researched several factors which affect the TiO_2 producing status mainly,and find the best conditons,then useful datas can be provided to the TiO_2 produced from red mud.
Red mud's phase compositionc was researched by chemical analysis,X-ray diffraction and Electron scanning,and the components of red mud are sodium-silicon residue、calcium silica slag muscovite berthierine hematite diaspore perovskite calcite anatase and so on.The thermodynamic analysis of hydrochloric acid leaches the red mud shows that all the△G~0 of red mud main chemical composition Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、CaO and Na_2O with acid are minus when the temperature is from 40℃to 100℃.Namely under the normal pressure Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+ in the red mud can be absorbed by acid while TiO_2 can be left in the residue,here by the content of TiO_2 are increased.
By single factor experiment we figure out how the leaching time、leaching temperature、concentration of hydrochloric acid、excessive coefficient of hydrochloric acid affect the leaching rate of Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、and the contect of TiO_2.Furthermore the factors which affect contect of TiO_2 seriously are researched by orthogonal experiment, finally via range analysis we can find the most important factor is leaching temperature, and the best leaching condition is 90℃of leaching temperature、1.0 for the excessive coefficient of hydrochloric acid、1.5hours of leaching time、6.5Mol/L of hydrochloric acid concentration.The contect of TiO_2 can be imporved from 5.67%to 28%at least under the best leaching condition.
采用化学分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等分析方法,对赤泥的相组成进行了分析,查明了赤泥的矿物成分为钠硅渣、钙硅渣、含铁钙硅渣、白云母、鲕绿泥石、赤铁矿、一水硬铝石、钙钛矿、方解石、锐钛矿等。盐酸浸出赤泥的热力学分析表明,在40-100℃之间的温度下,赤泥的主要化学成分Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、CaO、和Na_2O与盐酸反应的△G~θ值都小于零。即在常压条件下,赤泥中的Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+都能很好的进入到浸出液中而赤泥中的二氧化钛不与稀盐酸反应,留在赤泥渣中,使的二氧化钛的品位得以提高。并从动力学方面分析了浸出试验中需要考虑的影响因数。
浸出实验中,通过单因素实验探索了浸出时间、浸出温度、盐酸浓度、盐酸过量系数对氧化铁、氧化铝浸出率和二氧化钛品位的影响,并针对影响二氧化钛品位的因素进行正交实验研究,经过极差分析得出:影响最大的因素是浸出温度,最佳浸出条件为:浸出温度90℃、酸过量系数为1.0、浸出时间为1.5小时、盐酸浓度为6.5Mol/L。验证实验表明在最优实验条件下二氧化钛的品位可以由原来的5.67%提高到28%以上。
Red mud is the residue of alumina production.Generally there is around 0.5～2.5t red mud while 1t alumina was produced via bayer method craft,and around 5% is TiO_2 in the residue red mud.Currently the requirements for TiO_2 increase when our limited resource-decrease day by day,in that case red mud is supposed to be one most important raw material for getting TiO_2.I researched several factors which affect the TiO_2 producing status mainly,and find the best conditons,then useful datas can be provided to the TiO_2 produced from red mud.
Red mud's phase compositionc was researched by chemical analysis,X-ray diffraction and Electron scanning,and the components of red mud are sodium-silicon residue、calcium silica slag muscovite berthierine hematite diaspore perovskite calcite anatase and so on.The thermodynamic analysis of hydrochloric acid leaches the red mud shows that all the△G~0 of red mud main chemical composition Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、CaO and Na_2O with acid are minus when the temperature is from 40℃to 100℃.Namely under the normal pressure Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+ in the red mud can be absorbed by acid while TiO_2 can be left in the residue,here by the content of TiO_2 are increased.
By single factor experiment we figure out how the leaching time、leaching temperature、concentration of hydrochloric acid、excessive coefficient of hydrochloric acid affect the leaching rate of Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、and the contect of TiO_2.Furthermore the factors which affect contect of TiO_2 seriously are researched by orthogonal experiment, finally via range analysis we can find the most important factor is leaching temperature, and the best leaching condition is 90℃of leaching temperature、1.0 for the excessive coefficient of hydrochloric acid、1.5hours of leaching time、6.5Mol/L of hydrochloric acid concentration.The contect of TiO_2 can be imporved from 5.67%to 28%at least under the best leaching condition.
引文
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[8]焦占忠,邢国,王华民.利用工业废渣赤泥和粉煤灰研制免蒸免烧砖[J].轻金属,1996,(6):16-19
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[12]李朝样.从平果铝赤泥中回收铁半工业性试验取得成功[J].矿冶工程,2000(1):52.
[13]何波,关于回收赤泥中铁的研究现状[J].轻金属,1996,16(12):23-26
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[17]邵明望,等.赤泥的综合利用一从赤泥中提取稀土金属钪[J].资源节约和综合利用,1993(3):49-50
[18]尹中林.从平果铝矿的拜尔法赤泥中提取氧化钪的初步试验研究[J].铝镁通讯, 1995(3):16-23.
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[23]梁忠友.赤泥黑色玻璃饰面材料的研制[J].化工环保,1998,18(1):50-51
[24]谢源,付毅,冷杰彬等.赤泥道路基层材料配制与成型工艺研究.矿冶,2002,11(1):4-7
[25]李抚立.氧化铝生产的外排赤泥用于燃煤脱硫的可行性浅析[J].有色冶金节能,2003,20(5):24-26
[26]Lu Churunei,Zhao Jianli,Qingwei,et al.The research of the shells and the red mud as desulfurization sorbent.IN:Energy and the Environment-Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and the Environment,V 2.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,2003.1182-1187
[27]梁乃兴,张登良,颜祖兴.水泥赤泥混凝土路用性能研究[J].中国公路学报,1996,9(2):6-11
[28]罗道成,易平贵,陈安国等.用氧化铝厂赤泥制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(8):33-35
[29]孙体昌,解建伟,李发生.用赤泥制备复合混凝剂的研究[J].环境工程,2003,21(5):71-73
[30]安松琦,赤泥—灰渣在建筑陶瓷上的应用[J],轻金属,2000,12,49-53.
[31]Vincenzo M.Sglavo et al.,Bauxite'red mud'in the ceramic industry.Part 1:thermal behaviour,Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2000,20(3),235-244.
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