诗歌英译过程中偏离现象研究
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摘要
翻译研究在20世纪获得了长足的发展,在21世纪的发展依然方兴未艾。在众说纷纭的翻译理论中,本文从翻译过程入手,试图通过翻译过程研究诗歌英译过程中译文对原文的偏离。
偏离又称前景化,是文体学中的重要概念,代指不同于常规表达的语言现象。本文通过对国内外已有翻译过程及偏离研究的学习,结合具体的翻译实践,将从如下过程来分析中国古典诗歌英译中的偏离现象：文本选择,理解原文,表达重构,审核校验。
论文包括五个部分。第一部分为引言,包括研究背景、动机及论文结构。第一章为本文的文献综述,将介绍当前对偏离现象的研究,并指出本文所涉及的偏离为广义的偏离,即译文与原文之间的偏差第二章是背景介绍,对寒山、《寒山诗》及Gary Snyder进行介绍。第三章是本文的重点。本章将详细讨论翻译的四个步骤,并将其应用于《寒山诗》的分析,展示译文对原文的偏离。最后一部分为结论,总结了本文的成果与局限。
众所周知,在翻译过程中译文对原文的偏离是不可避免的。本文以Gary Snyder所译《寒山诗》为案例进行研究,通过翻译的过程来分析译文文本足如何偏离原文文本,并尽量以客观的角度再偏离的过程,希望抛砖引玉,对以后的翻译理论及实践提供一些启发
Translation study has undergone significant development in the 20th century with the emergence of various translation study schools and theories, and it continues developing rapidly in 21st century. Among the various theories, this thesis tries to reveal the deviation process of target text from source text through the translating process in poem translation.
Deviation, also termed foregrounding, is one of the most important concepts in stylistics, describing language phenomenon that deviates from normal language. By reviewing the research of deviation and translating process both home and abroad, together with the practice of translation, this thesis will study the deviation of classic Chinese poem translation in the following process:selection of source text, comprehension of source text, reconstruction and representation, check and verification on the macro-level.
The thesis consists of five parts. The first part is introduction, which includes the research background, motivation and the thesis structure. And Chapter 1 is the Literature Review of the thesis, including the studies of deviation, pointing out that the deviation in this thesis refers to the broad sense, namely, the gap between the source text and the target text. Chapter 2 is about the background information, introducing Han Shan(寒 山) and his Cold Mountain Poems(寒山诗)Gary Snyder's life and his translation of Cold Mountain Poems are also included in this part. Chapter 3 is the main part of the thesis. The four steps of translating process will be discussed in detail, as well as the analysis of Cold Mountain Poems, and the deviation of target text from source text is demonstrated. The last part is Conclusion, summarizing the findmgs and limitations of this thesis.
As it is known to all, deviation, no matter how excellent the translation works may be, is inevitable in the translating process, regardless the extent of deviation. This thesis takes Gary Snyder's translation of Cold Mountain Poems as the case for study, researching how target text is deviating from source text step by step and some factors that affect deviation, and trying to reveal the deviation process as objective as possible, with the hope of providing some inspiration for future translation theory study and practice.
偏离又称前景化,是文体学中的重要概念,代指不同于常规表达的语言现象。本文通过对国内外已有翻译过程及偏离研究的学习,结合具体的翻译实践,将从如下过程来分析中国古典诗歌英译中的偏离现象：文本选择,理解原文,表达重构,审核校验。
论文包括五个部分。第一部分为引言,包括研究背景、动机及论文结构。第一章为本文的文献综述,将介绍当前对偏离现象的研究,并指出本文所涉及的偏离为广义的偏离,即译文与原文之间的偏差第二章是背景介绍,对寒山、《寒山诗》及Gary Snyder进行介绍。第三章是本文的重点。本章将详细讨论翻译的四个步骤,并将其应用于《寒山诗》的分析,展示译文对原文的偏离。最后一部分为结论,总结了本文的成果与局限。
众所周知,在翻译过程中译文对原文的偏离是不可避免的。本文以Gary Snyder所译《寒山诗》为案例进行研究,通过翻译的过程来分析译文文本足如何偏离原文文本,并尽量以客观的角度再偏离的过程,希望抛砖引玉,对以后的翻译理论及实践提供一些启发
Translation study has undergone significant development in the 20th century with the emergence of various translation study schools and theories, and it continues developing rapidly in 21st century. Among the various theories, this thesis tries to reveal the deviation process of target text from source text through the translating process in poem translation.
Deviation, also termed foregrounding, is one of the most important concepts in stylistics, describing language phenomenon that deviates from normal language. By reviewing the research of deviation and translating process both home and abroad, together with the practice of translation, this thesis will study the deviation of classic Chinese poem translation in the following process:selection of source text, comprehension of source text, reconstruction and representation, check and verification on the macro-level.
The thesis consists of five parts. The first part is introduction, which includes the research background, motivation and the thesis structure. And Chapter 1 is the Literature Review of the thesis, including the studies of deviation, pointing out that the deviation in this thesis refers to the broad sense, namely, the gap between the source text and the target text. Chapter 2 is about the background information, introducing Han Shan(寒 山) and his Cold Mountain Poems(寒山诗)Gary Snyder's life and his translation of Cold Mountain Poems are also included in this part. Chapter 3 is the main part of the thesis. The four steps of translating process will be discussed in detail, as well as the analysis of Cold Mountain Poems, and the deviation of target text from source text is demonstrated. The last part is Conclusion, summarizing the findmgs and limitations of this thesis.
As it is known to all, deviation, no matter how excellent the translation works may be, is inevitable in the translating process, regardless the extent of deviation. This thesis takes Gary Snyder's translation of Cold Mountain Poems as the case for study, researching how target text is deviating from source text step by step and some factors that affect deviation, and trying to reveal the deviation process as objective as possible, with the hope of providing some inspiration for future translation theory study and practice.
引文
1. WIKIPEDIA, Gary Snyder:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Snyder Webpage modified on 2011-01-13, viewed on 2011-01-15
2. WIKIPEDIA, Death of the Author: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death of the Author Webpage modified on 2011-01-10, viewed on 2011-01-15
Bassnett, Susan & Andre Lefevere (ed.). 2001. Constructing Cultures. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bell, Roger. T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. London: Longman Group UK Limited
Chung Ling. 1977. Whose Mountain Is This? Gary Snyder's Translation of Han Shan, Renditions. 7: 93-102.
Delisle, Jean. 1988. 'Translation: An Interpretive Approach. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
Fackler, Herbert. 1971. Three English Versions of Han-Shan's Cold Mountain Poems. Literature East& West: 269-278.
Henricks. Robert G. 1990. The Poetrv of Hanshan. New York: State University of New York Press.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1969. A Linguistic Cuide to English Poetry. London: Longman.
Lefevere. Andre. 2004. Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Pame. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark. Peter. 2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pres
Nida. Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. 2004. 'The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Parini, Jay & Millier, Brett. 1993. The Columbia History of American Poetry. New York: Columbia University Press.
Snyder, Gary. 1965. Riprap & Cold Mountain Poems. San Francisco Grey Fox Press.
Snyder, Gary & Scott Mclean. 1980. The Real Work: Interviews and Talks, 1964-1979 . New York: New Direction Pub. Corp.
Snyder, Gary. 1991. Beneath a Single Moon: Buddhism in Contemporary Poetry.Kent Johnson & Craig Paulenich eds. Boston & London: Shambhala.
Watson, Burton. 1962. Cold Mountain 100 Poems by the Tang Poet Han Shan. New York: Grove Press.
Wilss, W. 1988. The Science of 'Translation: Problems and Methods. Gunter Nan" Verlage Tubinger.
陈慧剑,1 989,《寒山子研究》。台湾：东大图书
何其红,2006,翻译的过程——理解、表达、校核,《吉林省教育学院学报》第7期,87-89页
胡安江,2005,文本旅行与翻译变异——论Gary Snyder对寒山诗的创造性“误读”,《解放军外国语学院学报》第6期,63-68页。
姜秋霞,2002,《文学翻译中的审美过程：格式塔意象再造》，北京：商务印书馆
刘亚杰,2007,《论寒山诗在美国的接受与影响》.升封：河南大学
卢彩虹,2008,翻译认知过程与翻译偏差,《上海翻译》,第4期,18-21页。
孙昌武,1994,寒山传说与寒山诗,《禅与诗》。台北：台湾东大图书。
王克友,2008,《翻译过程与译文的演生——翻译的认识、语言、交际和意义观》。北京：中国社会科学出版社
杨锋兵,2007,《寒山诗在美国的被接受与被误读》。西安：陕西师范大学
姚喜明 焦俊峰,2002,翻译中的词义偏离,《外语教学》,第2期,56页。
曾剑双,2007,《翻译过程中的信息解码与编码》。太原：太原理工大学
查明建 田雨,2003,论译者主体性,《中国翻译》,第1期,19-24页。
张小波,2007,论汉语古诗翻译中语言形象偏离的译者因素,《湖南科技学院学报》,第8期,114-116页
郑延国,2009,《译学方圆》。上海：复旦大学出版社
钟玲,2006,《史耐德与中国文化》。北京：首都师范大学出版社
钟玲,2003,《美国诗与中国梦——美国现代诗里的中国文化模式》。桂林：广西师范大学出版社
周晓琳 胡安江,2008,寒山诗在美国的传布与接受,《西南政法大学学报》第2期,21-26页
朱纯深,2008,《翻译探微语言·文本·诗学》。南京：译林出版社
2. WIKIPEDIA, Death of the Author: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death of the Author Webpage modified on 2011-01-10, viewed on 2011-01-15
Bassnett, Susan & Andre Lefevere (ed.). 2001. Constructing Cultures. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bell, Roger. T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. London: Longman Group UK Limited
Chung Ling. 1977. Whose Mountain Is This? Gary Snyder's Translation of Han Shan, Renditions. 7: 93-102.
Delisle, Jean. 1988. 'Translation: An Interpretive Approach. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
Fackler, Herbert. 1971. Three English Versions of Han-Shan's Cold Mountain Poems. Literature East& West: 269-278.
Henricks. Robert G. 1990. The Poetrv of Hanshan. New York: State University of New York Press.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1969. A Linguistic Cuide to English Poetry. London: Longman.
Lefevere. Andre. 2004. Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Pame. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark. Peter. 2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pres
Nida. Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. 2004. 'The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Parini, Jay & Millier, Brett. 1993. The Columbia History of American Poetry. New York: Columbia University Press.
Snyder, Gary. 1965. Riprap & Cold Mountain Poems. San Francisco Grey Fox Press.
Snyder, Gary & Scott Mclean. 1980. The Real Work: Interviews and Talks, 1964-1979 . New York: New Direction Pub. Corp.
Snyder, Gary. 1991. Beneath a Single Moon: Buddhism in Contemporary Poetry.Kent Johnson & Craig Paulenich eds. Boston & London: Shambhala.
Watson, Burton. 1962. Cold Mountain 100 Poems by the Tang Poet Han Shan. New York: Grove Press.
Wilss, W. 1988. The Science of 'Translation: Problems and Methods. Gunter Nan" Verlage Tubinger.
陈慧剑,1 989,《寒山子研究》。台湾：东大图书
何其红,2006,翻译的过程——理解、表达、校核,《吉林省教育学院学报》第7期,87-89页
胡安江,2005,文本旅行与翻译变异——论Gary Snyder对寒山诗的创造性“误读”,《解放军外国语学院学报》第6期,63-68页。
姜秋霞,2002,《文学翻译中的审美过程：格式塔意象再造》，北京：商务印书馆
刘亚杰,2007,《论寒山诗在美国的接受与影响》.升封：河南大学
卢彩虹,2008,翻译认知过程与翻译偏差,《上海翻译》,第4期,18-21页。
孙昌武,1994,寒山传说与寒山诗,《禅与诗》。台北：台湾东大图书。
王克友,2008,《翻译过程与译文的演生——翻译的认识、语言、交际和意义观》。北京：中国社会科学出版社
杨锋兵,2007,《寒山诗在美国的被接受与被误读》。西安：陕西师范大学
姚喜明 焦俊峰,2002,翻译中的词义偏离,《外语教学》,第2期,56页。
曾剑双,2007,《翻译过程中的信息解码与编码》。太原：太原理工大学
查明建 田雨,2003,论译者主体性,《中国翻译》,第1期,19-24页。
张小波,2007,论汉语古诗翻译中语言形象偏离的译者因素,《湖南科技学院学报》,第8期,114-116页
郑延国,2009,《译学方圆》。上海：复旦大学出版社
钟玲,2006,《史耐德与中国文化》。北京：首都师范大学出版社
钟玲,2003,《美国诗与中国梦——美国现代诗里的中国文化模式》。桂林：广西师范大学出版社
周晓琳 胡安江,2008,寒山诗在美国的传布与接受,《西南政法大学学报》第2期,21-26页
朱纯深,2008,《翻译探微语言·文本·诗学》。南京：译林出版社