全网优化分布式电压无功综合控制系统研究
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摘要
配电网是电力系统直接面向用户的重要环节,配电网无功优化对于电力系统的安全运行和用户供电有着重要的作用。电压是电能质量的重要指标之一,而网损也是电能企业的一项重要经济指标。为了提高电压质量,降低电能损耗,本论文针对我国地区电网的状况和特点,对电网电压无功优化控制进行了深入的探索和研究;论文结合国内外的研究现状,分析了变电站无功优化的模型和控制规律。探讨了电压无功优化的算法,利用直接非线性原—对偶内点法寻优求解;同时还提出了分布式控制的电压无功控制模式,并开发出了相应的系统。具体的研究内容包括:
1、在变电站各级电压无功综合控制的基础上,提出了一套无功优化计算及分布式控制的理论和方法。其基本思路是:主站通过通信子系统获取各变电站的开关状态和负荷信息;然后利用无功优化模型及扩展内点算法进行全网无功优化计算,提出变电站电压无功控制装置整定方法。同时,根据电网分区分布式并行无功优化的特点,将多Agent技术与算法结合,构建了一种新型的基于多Agent技术的分布式无功电压优化控制系统。本文采用了适合于我国电力系统特点的三级无功电压控制系统组织结构,构建了分层分布式的多Agent系统,介绍了系统的功能和运行机制。
2、通过分析电压无功优化研究现状,总结以往优化算法优缺点,得到了当前系统运行对优化算法的要求,即算法应适应电力系统分布、分散的特点,适应电力市场发展的需求,能够快速收敛,数据通信量少,便于实现。针对上述要求,本文建立了电压无功控制的分区等值模型,将大电力系统分解成简单的小的子电力系统,各子系统通过互连节点的联系可以并行求解得到全局无功最优解。
3、采用直接非线性原对偶内点算法处理电压无功优化控制这一带有非线性约束的大规模混合整数规划问题,即从内点出发,沿可行方向求出使目标函数值下降的后继内点,再从得到的内点出发,沿另一个可行方向求出使目标函数值下降的内点,重复以上步骤,得出一个由内点组成的序列,使得目标函数值严格单调下降,当满足终止准则时停止迭代。讨论了内点法在求解过程中需要注意的几个问题,即修正步长的选择及障碍因子的确定等。此外还讨论了一种改进的预测校正原对偶内点算法基本原理,即在原对偶内点算法的基础上引入预测及校正环节以充分利用互补松弛条件的二次性,并利用预测过程的结果动态确定向心参数的取值,以较好地协调解的最优性及可行性之间的关系,改善算法的收敛性能。
4、根据上述理论,开发了全网优化分布控制式电压无功综合控制系统。该系统在枣庄电网运行期间,获得了很大的社会及经济效益。动态无功补偿有效降低系统线损,改善电能质量,自动有载调压,提高电压合格水平。
Distribution network is an important part of power system directly facing consumers. Reactive power optimizing problem takes a super important role in protecting the secure operation of network and power supply. The electric quality is mainly reflected by the voltage; the power loss is technical and economic index of electric utility. Some research work of voltage reactive power optimization control of region network has been done in order to improve the voltage quality and decrease the power loss. Model and rule of reactive power optimization control of substations are analyzed based on the domestic and abroad status. The article proposes the idea to realize voltage and reactive power optimization control distributed. At the same time, presents voltage reactive power control based on distribution control. The research includes following contents:
1. A novel concept named reactive power optimization and control method based on the controlling of voltage and reactive power to all rated buses of substation is present in this paper. Based on this concept, the host station can get the information of load and states of switches through communicating with subsystem. We can optimize the reactive power in all power networks utilizing the model of dispersed reactive power optimization and expanded interior algorithm; besides, this paper gives the computational method of the control tension of voltages and reactive power in power station .At the same time, the distributed and parallel reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems is firstly combined with the multi-agent technology according to its characteristics .A novel voltage and reactive power optimal control system based on the multi-agent technique is proposed after the control sub-area division problem are solved. The distributed and parallel reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems is firstly combined with the multi-agent technology according to its characteristics.
2. EW Equivalent reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems . The merits and shortcoming of the existing optimization algorithms are summarized .According to these summarizations , optimization algorithm is required to be adaptive to the distributed and decentralized characteristics of power systems , thus leads to a fast convergence property, minimum data transfer and easy application .So the article proposes the idea to realize voltage and reactive power optimization control distributed. Then partition equivalent model is built, which can split the big power system into several subsystems, so the problem can be solved parallel, and the global optimization can be obtained through the linking nodes communication.
3. This paper takes the direct nonlinear primal-dual interior point arithmetic to resolve the voltage and reactive optimization problem. The arithmetic starts at an interior point, gets the next interior point in the descending direction of object value, then from this point, gets another interior point in the descending direction of object value. A series of interior points are gotten by repeating the above steps. When the ending rule is satisfied, the optimized object value is gotten. This paper also discusses several problems in its solution, such as the choice of corrector steps and decision of obstacle gene. It also introduces the principle of advanced predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point arithmetic, that is by introducing predictor and corrector to correspond the optimization and feasibility, the convergence ability is improved.
4. This paper empolders the system of voltage and reactive power controlling and optimization based on distribution control .The system has been used at Zaozhuang Power Supply Company , and abtained lots of social and economic benefit , such as dynamic reactive compensation reducing net loss; improving the quality of electric energy ; automatic and load-ratio adjust voltage transformer; advancing the passing percent of voltage.
1、在变电站各级电压无功综合控制的基础上,提出了一套无功优化计算及分布式控制的理论和方法。其基本思路是:主站通过通信子系统获取各变电站的开关状态和负荷信息;然后利用无功优化模型及扩展内点算法进行全网无功优化计算,提出变电站电压无功控制装置整定方法。同时,根据电网分区分布式并行无功优化的特点,将多Agent技术与算法结合,构建了一种新型的基于多Agent技术的分布式无功电压优化控制系统。本文采用了适合于我国电力系统特点的三级无功电压控制系统组织结构,构建了分层分布式的多Agent系统,介绍了系统的功能和运行机制。
2、通过分析电压无功优化研究现状,总结以往优化算法优缺点,得到了当前系统运行对优化算法的要求,即算法应适应电力系统分布、分散的特点,适应电力市场发展的需求,能够快速收敛,数据通信量少,便于实现。针对上述要求,本文建立了电压无功控制的分区等值模型,将大电力系统分解成简单的小的子电力系统,各子系统通过互连节点的联系可以并行求解得到全局无功最优解。
3、采用直接非线性原对偶内点算法处理电压无功优化控制这一带有非线性约束的大规模混合整数规划问题,即从内点出发,沿可行方向求出使目标函数值下降的后继内点,再从得到的内点出发,沿另一个可行方向求出使目标函数值下降的内点,重复以上步骤,得出一个由内点组成的序列,使得目标函数值严格单调下降,当满足终止准则时停止迭代。讨论了内点法在求解过程中需要注意的几个问题,即修正步长的选择及障碍因子的确定等。此外还讨论了一种改进的预测校正原对偶内点算法基本原理,即在原对偶内点算法的基础上引入预测及校正环节以充分利用互补松弛条件的二次性,并利用预测过程的结果动态确定向心参数的取值,以较好地协调解的最优性及可行性之间的关系,改善算法的收敛性能。
4、根据上述理论,开发了全网优化分布控制式电压无功综合控制系统。该系统在枣庄电网运行期间,获得了很大的社会及经济效益。动态无功补偿有效降低系统线损,改善电能质量,自动有载调压,提高电压合格水平。
Distribution network is an important part of power system directly facing consumers. Reactive power optimizing problem takes a super important role in protecting the secure operation of network and power supply. The electric quality is mainly reflected by the voltage; the power loss is technical and economic index of electric utility. Some research work of voltage reactive power optimization control of region network has been done in order to improve the voltage quality and decrease the power loss. Model and rule of reactive power optimization control of substations are analyzed based on the domestic and abroad status. The article proposes the idea to realize voltage and reactive power optimization control distributed. At the same time, presents voltage reactive power control based on distribution control. The research includes following contents:
1. A novel concept named reactive power optimization and control method based on the controlling of voltage and reactive power to all rated buses of substation is present in this paper. Based on this concept, the host station can get the information of load and states of switches through communicating with subsystem. We can optimize the reactive power in all power networks utilizing the model of dispersed reactive power optimization and expanded interior algorithm; besides, this paper gives the computational method of the control tension of voltages and reactive power in power station .At the same time, the distributed and parallel reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems is firstly combined with the multi-agent technology according to its characteristics .A novel voltage and reactive power optimal control system based on the multi-agent technique is proposed after the control sub-area division problem are solved. The distributed and parallel reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems is firstly combined with the multi-agent technology according to its characteristics.
2. EW Equivalent reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems . The merits and shortcoming of the existing optimization algorithms are summarized .According to these summarizations , optimization algorithm is required to be adaptive to the distributed and decentralized characteristics of power systems , thus leads to a fast convergence property, minimum data transfer and easy application .So the article proposes the idea to realize voltage and reactive power optimization control distributed. Then partition equivalent model is built, which can split the big power system into several subsystems, so the problem can be solved parallel, and the global optimization can be obtained through the linking nodes communication.
3. This paper takes the direct nonlinear primal-dual interior point arithmetic to resolve the voltage and reactive optimization problem. The arithmetic starts at an interior point, gets the next interior point in the descending direction of object value, then from this point, gets another interior point in the descending direction of object value. A series of interior points are gotten by repeating the above steps. When the ending rule is satisfied, the optimized object value is gotten. This paper also discusses several problems in its solution, such as the choice of corrector steps and decision of obstacle gene. It also introduces the principle of advanced predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point arithmetic, that is by introducing predictor and corrector to correspond the optimization and feasibility, the convergence ability is improved.
4. This paper empolders the system of voltage and reactive power controlling and optimization based on distribution control .The system has been used at Zaozhuang Power Supply Company , and abtained lots of social and economic benefit , such as dynamic reactive compensation reducing net loss; improving the quality of electric energy ; automatic and load-ratio adjust voltage transformer; advancing the passing percent of voltage.
引文
[1]厉吉文,无功控制,山东大学,2003年
[2]Tse,E.and Weinert,H.L.,Structure Determination and Parameter Iden-tificationFor Multivariable Stochastic Linear Systems,IEEE Trans.Automatic.Control,vol.AC -2 0,p p.6 03-613,1975
[3]仝庆贻,颜钢锋。变电站电压无功综合控制的研究,继电器,2001.29(10),22-25
[4]赵登福.司品,杨靖,张涛.新型变电站电压无功综合控制装置的研制,电网技术,2000,24(6):14-17
[5][美]方述诚,S.普森普拉。线性优化及扩展.科学出版社.1994
[6]Momoh JA,Zhu JZ.Improved interior point method for OPF problems.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(3)
[7]刘明波、陈学军,电力系统无功优化的改进内点算法,电力系统自动化,1998.5:33-36
[8]李劲波、周理、陈允平,基于仿射变换内点算法的大电网无功优化,电网技术,1997.3:22-24
[9]基于稀疏技术的原对偶内点法电压无功功率优化,王晓东、李乃湖、丁恰,电网技术,1999.3:23-26
[10]Mingbo liu,S.K.Tso,Ying cheng,An extended nonlinear primal-dual interior-point algorithm for reactive-power optimization of large-scale power systems with discrete control variables,IEEE Transactions on Power System,2002.17(4):982-991
[11]施玉样,陶晓农.中低压变电站电压无功调节的研究,1996,20(9):54-57
[12]LiuMingbo(刘明波),S.K.Tso and hengYing.An Extended Nonlinear Primal-Dual Interior-Point Algorithm for Reactive-Power Optimization of Large-Scale Power Systems with Discrete Control Variables,IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2 002,17(9):982-991
[13]唐林 分布式电压无功控制协调定值的实现 工程硕士学位论文四川大学
[14]程莹,刘明波,含离散控制变量的大规模电力系统无功优化,中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):54-60
[15]Liu Mingbo(刘明波),S.K.Tso and ChengYing.An Extended Nonlinear Primal-Dual Interior-Point Algorithm for Reactive-Power Optimization of Large-Scale Power Systems with Discrete Control Variables,IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2002,17(9):982-991
[16]程新功 电力系统分布式无功电压优化控制研究 博士学位论文 山东大学
[17]刘红进等。多代理系统及其在电力系统中的应用 电力系统自动化,2001(10)
[18].兰淑宁 基于Agent的全网无功优化研究。山东大学硕士学位论文。2002
[19]Eric Hobson.Network constrained Reactive Power Control Using Linear Programming.IEEE Trans on PAS,1980,Vol 99
[20]单渊达 电能系统基础 机械工业出版社
[21]Lai,L.L.(CityUniv);Ma,I T.Practical application of evolutionary computingto reactive power planning[J].IEE Proceedings:Generation,Transmission andDistribution,v 145,n 6,Nov,1998,p 753-75
[22]Tomsovic,Kevin(Inst of Electr Eng,Nat Cheng Kung Univ,Tainan,Taiwan)Fuzzy linear programming for reactive power control[J].P roc5 IEEE Int SympIntell Control 90,1990,p 1120-112
[23]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.清华大学出版社,1989
[24]杨冰.实用最优化方法及计算机程序.1994年5月第1版
[25]刘明波,王晓村内点法在求解电力系统优化问题中的应用综述 电网技术,1999年8月
[26]刘红进等.多代理系统及其在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化,2001(10)
[27]黄华,黄亦军.基于Box算法的无功优化配置[J].电力系统自动化2000,24(20):32-36
[28]K R Mamandeur,R D Chenoweth.Optimal Control of Reactive Power Flow for Improvements in Voltage Profiles and Real Power Loses Minimization.IEEE Trans on PAS,1981,Vol100,No.7
[29]W O Stadlin,D L Fletcher.Voltage Versus Reactive Current Model for Dispatch and Control.IEEE Trans on PAS,1982,Oct,Vol.101
[30]S Rama lyer,K Ramachandran,S harichaven.New Technique for Optimal Reactive Power Allocation for Loss Minimization in Power Systems.IEE Proc,1983,July,Vol130,Part C
[31]S Rama Lyer,K Ramachandran,S Harchaven.Optimal Reactive Power Allocation for Improved Systems Performance.IEEE Trans on PAS,1984,June,Yol.103
[32]E Hobson,et al.Linear Programming for Power System Real-time Control Calculation,IFAS,1977,Conference Melbourne
[33]E Hobson.Active And Reactive Power Security Control Using Successive Linear Programming.IEEE Trans on PAS,1982,Vol101,No.1
[34]K R C Marmandur,R D Chenoweth.Optimal Control of Reactive Power for Improvement in Voltage Profiles And for Real Loss Minimization.IEEE Trans on PAS,1981,Vol100,No.7
[35]Zadeh L A.Fuzzy set.Information Control,1965,8
[36]汪培庄,李洪兴.模糊系统理论与模糊计算机,科学出版社,1996
[37]Momoh JA,Ma X W,Tomsovic K.Overview and literature survey of fuzzy set theory in power systems.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1995,10(3)
[38]Rinivasan D,Liew A C,Chang C S.Applications of fuzzy systems in power systems.Electric Power Systems Research,1995,35(1)
[39]韩祯祥,吴小苗.模糊集理论在电力系统中的应用(二).电力系统自动 化,1994,18(4)
[40]Tinney W F,Brandwajn V,Chan S M.Sparse Vector Methods.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1985,1(2)
[41]Van Ness J E,Molina G.Multiple Factoring in The Parallel Solution of Algebraic Equations.EPRI-EL-3893,1983
[42]Chen L,Matoba S,Inabe H,Okabe T.Surrogate Constraint Method for Optimal Power Flow.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(3)
[43]Zadeh L A.Fuzzy set.Information Control,1965,8
[44]汪培庄,李洪兴.模糊系统理论与模糊计算机,科学出版社,1996
[45]Momoh JA,Ma XW,Tomsovic K.Overview and literature survey of fuzzyset theory in power systems.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1995,10(3)
[46]Srinivasan D,Liew A C,Chang C S.Applications of fuzzy systems in power systems.Electric Power Systems Research,1995,35(1)
[47]韩祯祥,吴小苗.模糊集理论在电力系统中的应用(二).电力系统自动化,1994,18(4)
[48]Tinney WF,Brandwajn V,Chart S M.Sparse Vector Methods.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1985,1(2)
[49]Van Ness J E,Molina G.Multiple Factoring in the Parallel Solution of Algebraic Equations.EPRI-EL-3893,1983
[2]Tse,E.and Weinert,H.L.,Structure Determination and Parameter Iden-tificationFor Multivariable Stochastic Linear Systems,IEEE Trans.Automatic.Control,vol.AC -2 0,p p.6 03-613,1975
[3]仝庆贻,颜钢锋。变电站电压无功综合控制的研究,继电器,2001.29(10),22-25
[4]赵登福.司品,杨靖,张涛.新型变电站电压无功综合控制装置的研制,电网技术,2000,24(6):14-17
[5][美]方述诚,S.普森普拉。线性优化及扩展.科学出版社.1994
[6]Momoh JA,Zhu JZ.Improved interior point method for OPF problems.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(3)
[7]刘明波、陈学军,电力系统无功优化的改进内点算法,电力系统自动化,1998.5:33-36
[8]李劲波、周理、陈允平,基于仿射变换内点算法的大电网无功优化,电网技术,1997.3:22-24
[9]基于稀疏技术的原对偶内点法电压无功功率优化,王晓东、李乃湖、丁恰,电网技术,1999.3:23-26
[10]Mingbo liu,S.K.Tso,Ying cheng,An extended nonlinear primal-dual interior-point algorithm for reactive-power optimization of large-scale power systems with discrete control variables,IEEE Transactions on Power System,2002.17(4):982-991
[11]施玉样,陶晓农.中低压变电站电压无功调节的研究,1996,20(9):54-57
[12]LiuMingbo(刘明波),S.K.Tso and hengYing.An Extended Nonlinear Primal-Dual Interior-Point Algorithm for Reactive-Power Optimization of Large-Scale Power Systems with Discrete Control Variables,IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2 002,17(9):982-991
[13]唐林 分布式电压无功控制协调定值的实现 工程硕士学位论文四川大学
[14]程莹,刘明波,含离散控制变量的大规模电力系统无功优化,中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):54-60
[15]Liu Mingbo(刘明波),S.K.Tso and ChengYing.An Extended Nonlinear Primal-Dual Interior-Point Algorithm for Reactive-Power Optimization of Large-Scale Power Systems with Discrete Control Variables,IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2002,17(9):982-991
[16]程新功 电力系统分布式无功电压优化控制研究 博士学位论文 山东大学
[17]刘红进等。多代理系统及其在电力系统中的应用 电力系统自动化,2001(10)
[18].兰淑宁 基于Agent的全网无功优化研究。山东大学硕士学位论文。2002
[19]Eric Hobson.Network constrained Reactive Power Control Using Linear Programming.IEEE Trans on PAS,1980,Vol 99
[20]单渊达 电能系统基础 机械工业出版社
[21]Lai,L.L.(CityUniv);Ma,I T.Practical application of evolutionary computingto reactive power planning[J].IEE Proceedings:Generation,Transmission andDistribution,v 145,n 6,Nov,1998,p 753-75
[22]Tomsovic,Kevin(Inst of Electr Eng,Nat Cheng Kung Univ,Tainan,Taiwan)Fuzzy linear programming for reactive power control[J].P roc5 IEEE Int SympIntell Control 90,1990,p 1120-112
[23]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.清华大学出版社,1989
[24]杨冰.实用最优化方法及计算机程序.1994年5月第1版
[25]刘明波,王晓村内点法在求解电力系统优化问题中的应用综述 电网技术,1999年8月
[26]刘红进等.多代理系统及其在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化,2001(10)
[27]黄华,黄亦军.基于Box算法的无功优化配置[J].电力系统自动化2000,24(20):32-36
[28]K R Mamandeur,R D Chenoweth.Optimal Control of Reactive Power Flow for Improvements in Voltage Profiles and Real Power Loses Minimization.IEEE Trans on PAS,1981,Vol100,No.7
[29]W O Stadlin,D L Fletcher.Voltage Versus Reactive Current Model for Dispatch and Control.IEEE Trans on PAS,1982,Oct,Vol.101
[30]S Rama lyer,K Ramachandran,S harichaven.New Technique for Optimal Reactive Power Allocation for Loss Minimization in Power Systems.IEE Proc,1983,July,Vol130,Part C
[31]S Rama Lyer,K Ramachandran,S Harchaven.Optimal Reactive Power Allocation for Improved Systems Performance.IEEE Trans on PAS,1984,June,Yol.103
[32]E Hobson,et al.Linear Programming for Power System Real-time Control Calculation,IFAS,1977,Conference Melbourne
[33]E Hobson.Active And Reactive Power Security Control Using Successive Linear Programming.IEEE Trans on PAS,1982,Vol101,No.1
[34]K R C Marmandur,R D Chenoweth.Optimal Control of Reactive Power for Improvement in Voltage Profiles And for Real Loss Minimization.IEEE Trans on PAS,1981,Vol100,No.7
[35]Zadeh L A.Fuzzy set.Information Control,1965,8
[36]汪培庄,李洪兴.模糊系统理论与模糊计算机,科学出版社,1996
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