建筑外围护结构热分析及人工冷源智能控制系统研究
|
摘要
创造满足人体热舒适的室内微气候环境是构造建筑的最终目标。然而,能源的日益匮乏与追求高舒适性在一定程度上是一对矛盾。如何寻求一个平衡点,构造低能耗高舒适型建筑成为热点课题。本文以影响建筑能耗和人体热舒适性的因素为切入点,以复合墙体、智能围护结构、HV&AC系统中的冷源控制等现代舒适型建筑中的重要组成元素为对象展开研究。全文内容简介如下:
(1)利用频域响应原理构建模型,分析复合实体墙的动态特性及其影响因素;采用有限元法研究矩形截面热桥影响区域;结合Fanger的热舒适性模型分析墙体内表面平均辐射温度对人体舒适性及系统能耗的影响;在冬、夏季典型气象条件下,分别模拟分析了复合墙体的内表面温度。
(2)采用CFD技术耦合流固传热,分析了太阳墙在冬季集热、夏季通风隔热、过渡季通风及冬季预热等运行模式下的热特性;对集热墙体材料、墙体高度、空气层厚度、通风孔尺寸等感因子进行了分析。在CFD模拟基础上采用回归法和人工神经网络法建立了太阳墙的热特性预测分析模型。
(3)对呼吸式玻璃幕墙热传递过程进行分析,利用CFD技术耦合光学模型、透过体系模型求解控制方程。分析了遮阳板位置、通道宽度、遮阳板角度、通风口面积、太阳辐射强度、室外空气温度、室外风向等敏感因子对其热特性的影响;给出了最佳截面尺寸并建立了基于π定理的通道内太阳能二次透过率无量纲模型和基于灰箱模型的壁面对流换热系数关联式。同时,对其冬季保温及过渡季通风换气特性给予分析。
(4)基于解耦协同控制和人体热舒适原理,在仿真结果基础上,提出复合解耦控制策略并采用自适应模糊控制算法,以S7-300 PLC为中央控制器,设计了建筑内人工冷源智能控制系统。
The function of building is to yield an agreeable indoor micro-climate that makes people feel comfortable. However ,in the modern society ,there is a conflict between the increasingly went short of energy and the highly thermal comfort. Thus , finding a balance point between the low energy and high thermal comfort in building is a hot topic .In the thesis , composite wall ,intelligent envelope ,artifical cold source control system in HV&AC etc and such the elements used in the modern ecotypic architecture are selected as the objects to make research, in which the cut-in points are the factors that influence the building thermal load and the human thermal comfort.The main contents are summarized as follows:
(1) The transient thermal characteristic and the sensitive factors of composite wall are analyzed with method of FDR;With the finite element method ,the affected zone of rectangle thermal bridge in steady state is studied; furthermore ,the impact of mean radiant temperature on human thermal comfort and the energy consumption in building are analyzed with the thermal comfort model developed by the Fanger . Under the typical meteorologic condition in summer and winter ,the temperature of inner surface of composite wall is simulated .
(2)The thermal performance of solar wall in different mode,such as the heat collection and pre-heating in winter ,heat insulation in summer, ventilation in spring and autumn are analyzed respectively by coupling the solid heat conduct and hydrokinetics with CFD technology ,moreover,the sensitive factors such as material ,height, thickness of air gap, vent area of trombe wall are investigated; the prediction models of thermal performance about trombe wall are given with the methods of artifical neural net and regression equations .
(3)With the detailed analysis of the thermal process in glass double facade ,the system governing equations are solved by combing the CFD model with the optical model and transparent system model .The parametric study is carried out on the sensitive factors,such as the position of louver, louver salt angle, width of facade, area of vent ,solar irradiation, outdoor temperature, wind orientation .During the research , the optimal dimension is presented . With the CFD simulation results ,the dimensionless model founded on theπtheorem and the regression equations about convective heat transfer coefficients based on gray model are put forward. Furthermore, the thermal performance of double skin facade that operates in the modes of heat preservation in winter and air exchange and ventilation in spring and autumn are also discussed.
(4)With the simulation results and the principle of decoupling and human thermal comfort , the compound-control strategy and the fuzzy self-adaption arithmetic are presented to design the artifical cold source control system ,in which the S7-300 PLC is used as the center controller .
(1)利用频域响应原理构建模型,分析复合实体墙的动态特性及其影响因素;采用有限元法研究矩形截面热桥影响区域;结合Fanger的热舒适性模型分析墙体内表面平均辐射温度对人体舒适性及系统能耗的影响;在冬、夏季典型气象条件下,分别模拟分析了复合墙体的内表面温度。
(2)采用CFD技术耦合流固传热,分析了太阳墙在冬季集热、夏季通风隔热、过渡季通风及冬季预热等运行模式下的热特性;对集热墙体材料、墙体高度、空气层厚度、通风孔尺寸等感因子进行了分析。在CFD模拟基础上采用回归法和人工神经网络法建立了太阳墙的热特性预测分析模型。
(3)对呼吸式玻璃幕墙热传递过程进行分析,利用CFD技术耦合光学模型、透过体系模型求解控制方程。分析了遮阳板位置、通道宽度、遮阳板角度、通风口面积、太阳辐射强度、室外空气温度、室外风向等敏感因子对其热特性的影响;给出了最佳截面尺寸并建立了基于π定理的通道内太阳能二次透过率无量纲模型和基于灰箱模型的壁面对流换热系数关联式。同时,对其冬季保温及过渡季通风换气特性给予分析。
(4)基于解耦协同控制和人体热舒适原理,在仿真结果基础上,提出复合解耦控制策略并采用自适应模糊控制算法,以S7-300 PLC为中央控制器,设计了建筑内人工冷源智能控制系统。
The function of building is to yield an agreeable indoor micro-climate that makes people feel comfortable. However ,in the modern society ,there is a conflict between the increasingly went short of energy and the highly thermal comfort. Thus , finding a balance point between the low energy and high thermal comfort in building is a hot topic .In the thesis , composite wall ,intelligent envelope ,artifical cold source control system in HV&AC etc and such the elements used in the modern ecotypic architecture are selected as the objects to make research, in which the cut-in points are the factors that influence the building thermal load and the human thermal comfort.The main contents are summarized as follows:
(1) The transient thermal characteristic and the sensitive factors of composite wall are analyzed with method of FDR;With the finite element method ,the affected zone of rectangle thermal bridge in steady state is studied; furthermore ,the impact of mean radiant temperature on human thermal comfort and the energy consumption in building are analyzed with the thermal comfort model developed by the Fanger . Under the typical meteorologic condition in summer and winter ,the temperature of inner surface of composite wall is simulated .
(2)The thermal performance of solar wall in different mode,such as the heat collection and pre-heating in winter ,heat insulation in summer, ventilation in spring and autumn are analyzed respectively by coupling the solid heat conduct and hydrokinetics with CFD technology ,moreover,the sensitive factors such as material ,height, thickness of air gap, vent area of trombe wall are investigated; the prediction models of thermal performance about trombe wall are given with the methods of artifical neural net and regression equations .
(3)With the detailed analysis of the thermal process in glass double facade ,the system governing equations are solved by combing the CFD model with the optical model and transparent system model .The parametric study is carried out on the sensitive factors,such as the position of louver, louver salt angle, width of facade, area of vent ,solar irradiation, outdoor temperature, wind orientation .During the research , the optimal dimension is presented . With the CFD simulation results ,the dimensionless model founded on theπtheorem and the regression equations about convective heat transfer coefficients based on gray model are put forward. Furthermore, the thermal performance of double skin facade that operates in the modes of heat preservation in winter and air exchange and ventilation in spring and autumn are also discussed.
(4)With the simulation results and the principle of decoupling and human thermal comfort , the compound-control strategy and the fuzzy self-adaption arithmetic are presented to design the artifical cold source control system ,in which the S7-300 PLC is used as the center controller .
引文
[1]朗四维,建筑节能是可持续发展的重要战略,制冷技术,2004,2:11-13
[2]西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑研究中心,绿色建筑,北京:中国计划出版社,1999
[3]贾衡,冯义,人与建筑环境,北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
[4]周浩明,张晓东,生态建筑——面向未来的建筑,南京:东南大学出版社,2002
[5]龙惟定,建筑节能与建筑能效管理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[6]王荣光,沈天行,可再生能源利用与建筑节能,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[7]美国公共工程技术公司,绿色建筑技术手册(设计、建筑、运行)(王长庆,龙惟定等译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[8]美国绿色建筑委员会,绿色建筑评估体系(彭梦月译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[9]刘加平,杨柳,室内热环境设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[10]涂逢祥,建筑节能,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,(42)
[11]康艳兵,建筑节能关键技术回顾和展望(二)——国内外建筑节能关键技术的发展现状及趋势,中国能源,2003,12:25～29
[12]肖珩,解读“生态建筑”,四川建筑,2004,6:25～26
[13]李欣,张林烽,太阳能利用与建筑节能,天津建设科技,2002,1:40～42
[14]徐占发,建筑节能实用手册,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[15]陈友明,王盛卫,建筑围护结构非稳态传热分析新方法,北京:科学出版社,2004
[16]陈启高,建筑热物理基础,西安:交通大学出版社,1991
[17]丁国良,张春路,制冷空调装置智能仿真,北京:科学出版社,2002
[18]G.S.Barozzi,M.S.E.Imbabi,E.Noble, A.C.M.Sousa, Physical and Numerical Modeling of a Solar Chimney-based Ventilation System, Building and Environment ,1992,27:433-455
[19]N.K.Bansal ,Rajesh Mahur ,M.S.Bhandari ,Solar Chimney for Enhanced Stack Ventilation , Building and Environment.1993,28:373-377
[20]A.Bouchair ,Solar Chimney for Promoting Cooling Ventilation in Southern Algeria ,Building Serv.Eng Res Techinol,1994,2:81-93
[21]M.M.AboulNaga ,S.N.Abdrabboh, Improving night ventilation into low-rise building in hot arid climates exploring a combined wall-roof solar chimney,Renewable Energy ,2000,19:47-54
[22]Z.D.Chen,Y Li, A Numerical Study of Solar Chimney with Uniform Wall heat flux,4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality ,Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings ,2001.
[23]Guohui Gan, A parametric study of Trombe walls for passive cooling of building,Energy and Building ,1998,27:37～43
[24]R .Letan,V,dubovsky,G ziskind ,Passive ventilation and heating by natural convection in a multi-story building ,Building and Environment ,2003,38 :197～208
[25]Clito Afonso,Armando Oliveira ,Solar chimneys: simulation and experiment, Energy and Buildings,2000,32:71～79
[26]A.M.Rodrigues, Modeling natural convection in a heated vertical channel for room ventilation, Building and Environment,2000,35:455～469
[27]S.H.Yin,T.Y.Wung,K.Chen, Natural convection in an air layer enclosed within rectangular cavities,Internatioanal Journ Mass Transfer ,1978,21 :307～315
[28]Hirunlabh J,Kongduang W,Namprakai P, Study of natural ventilation of houses by a metallic solar wall under tropical climate.,Renewable Energy ,1999,1(18):109～119
[29]G..Ziskind ,V.Dubovsky,R.Letan ,Ventilation by natural convection of a one-story building Energy and Building, 2002,34:91～102
[30]V.Dubovsky, Natural convection inside ventilated enclosure heated by downward-facing plate: experiments and numerical simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 16(44): 3155~68
[31]Till pasquay ,Natural ventilation in high-rise buildings with double facades ,saving or waste of energy, Energy and Building ,2004,36:381～389
[32]Cheol-Soo Park,Godfried Augenbroe, Real-time optimization of a double-skin facade based on lumped modeling and occupant preference, Building and Environment,2004,39:939-948
[33]Cheol-Soo Park,Occupant Responsive Optimal Control of Smart Facade System, [Thesis of doctoral degree], Atlanta :college of Architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology,2003
[34]Elisabeth Gratia,Andre Herde,Is day natural ventilation still possible in office buildings with a double-skin fa?ade?, Building and Environment,2004,39:399～409
[35]Elisabeth Gratia,Andre Herde, Natural ventilation in a double-skin facade ,Energy and Buildings ,2004,36:137～146
[36]Elisabeth Gratia,Andre Da Herde, Optimal operation of a south double-skin facade,Energy and Buildings,2004,36:41～60
[37]H.Manze,A.Schaelin,H.Simmler, Airflow patters and thermal behavior of mechanically ventilated glass double facades, Building and Environment,2004,39:1023～1033
[38]Heinrich Manz,Numerical simulation of heat transfer by natural convection in cavities of facade elements,Energy and Buildings,2003,35:305～311
[39]H.Manz,Th.Frank,Thermal simulation of buildings with double-skinfacades,Energy and Building,2005,37:1114～1121
[40]Heinrich Manz ,Total solar energy transmittance of glass double facades with free convection ,Energy and building ,2004,36:27～136
[41]A.Zollner,E.R.F.Winter,R.Viskanta, Experimental studies of combined heat transfer in turbulent mixed convection fluid flow in double-skin facades,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ,2002,45:4401～4408
[42]Carla Balocco,Massimo Colombari, Thermal behaviour of interactive mechanically ventilated double glazed facade: Non-dimensional analysis, Energy and Buildings ,2006,38:1～7
[43]Wong Nyuk Hien,Wang Liping, Effect of double glazed fa?ade on energy consumption,thermal comfort and condensation for a typical office buildingin Singapore,Energy and Building,2005,37:563～572
[44]D.Faggembauu,M.Costa,M.Soria,A.Oliva, Numerical analysis of the thermal behaviour of glazed ventilated facades in Mediterranean climates. partⅡ:applications and analysis of results,Solar Energy ,2003,75:229～239
[45]W.J.Stec,A.H.C van Paassen, Symbiosis of double skin fa?ade with the HVAC system,Energy and Buildings,2005,37:461～469
[46]W.J.Stec, A.H.C.van Paassen, A.Maziarz, Modeling the double skin facade with plants,Energy and Building ,2005,37:419～427
[47]Ikbal Cetiner,Ertan Ozkan, An approach for the evaluation of energy and cost efficiency of glass facade ,Energy and Buildings ,2005,37:673～684
[48]Wenting Ding ,Yuji Hasemi, Natural ventilation performance of a double-skin fa?ade with a solar chimney, Energy and Building,2005,37:411～418
[49]Nassim Safe,Monika Woloszyn,Jean Jacques Roux,Three-dimensional simulation with a CFD tool of the airflow phenomena in single floor double-skin fa?ade equipped with a venetian blind. Solar Energy,2005,79:193～203
[50]王沣浩,费继友,变频空调器控制系统的技术现状与发展趋势,制冷学报,2000,2:1～6
[51]彦启森,李先庭,小型变容量空调系统控制技术在日本的研究进展,家用电器科技,2000,9:55～58
[52]Xiang-Dong He,Sheng Liu ,Harry H Asada,et al ,Mutivariable Control of Vapor Compression System,HVAC& R Research,1998,3:205-230
[53] Miles R .G ,Sharpe P K,Pan W, A Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks and Rule-Based Techniques in the Developments of a Computer-Aided Control System,Engineering Application Artificial Intelligent ,1994,7:53-58
[54] Ruey-Jing Lian ,Shiuh-Jer Huang ,A mixed fuzzy controller for MIMO systems ,Fuzzy Sets and Systems ,2001,120:73-93
[55]A.Outtagarts,The Transient Response of an Evaporator Fed through an Eletronic Expansion Valve, International Jounral of Energy Research ,1997,21:793~807
[56] Chia p k ,Fuzzy control of superheat in container refrigeration using an electronic expansion valve,HVAC&R research ,1997,1:81~97
[57]R.Kosonen,F.Tan, Assessment of productivity loss in air-conditioned buildings using PMV index, Energy and Buildings,2004,36:987～993
[58]L.巴赫基著,房间的热微气候(傅忠诚译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985
[59] A.C.van der Linden,A.C.Boerstra, Adaptive temperature limits: A new guideline in The Netherlands A new approach for the assessment of building performance with respect to thermal indoor climate, Energy and building,2006,38:8～17
[60]Gail S.Brager,Richard J.de Dear, Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review, Energy and Building,1998,27:83～96
[61]S.Atthajariyakul, Real-time determination of optimal indoor-air condition for thermal comfort ,air quality and efficient energy usage ,Energy and Buildings. 2004,36:720～733
[62] Kwok Wai Horace Mui, Adaptive comfort temperature model of air-conditioned building in Hong Kong , Building and Environment ,2003,38:837～852
[63]C.Bouden, An adaptive thermal comfort model for the Tunisian context:a field study results, Energy and Buildings,2005,37:952～963
[64] John Martin Evans,Evaluating comfort with varying temperature: a graphic design tool,Energy and Buildings ,2003,35:87～93
[65]Omer Kaynakli,Muhsin Kilic, Investigation of indoor thermal comfort under transient conditions ,Building and Environment,2005,40:165～174
[66]Mateja Trobec Lah, Fuzzy control for the illumination and temperature comfort in a test chamber,Building and Environment,2005,40:1626～1637
[67]S.Atthajariyakul ,T.Leephakpreeda, Real-time determination of optimal indoor-air condition for thermal comfort ,air quality and efficient energy usage, Energy and Building,2004,36:720～733
[68]Ismail M, Budaiwi, An approach to investigate and remedy thermal-comfort problems in buildings, Building and Environment , 2007, 5(42):2124-2131
[69]中建建筑承包公司,中国绿色建筑、可持续发展建筑设计研讨会论文集,北京:北京建筑工业出版社
[70]任俊,居住建筑节能设计计算与评价方法研究,[博士学位论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004
[71]郁文红,建筑节能的理论分析与应用研究,[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2004
[72]中国建筑业协会建筑节能专业委员会,建设部建筑节能中心编,外墙外保温技术,北京:中国计划出版社,1999
[73]薛志峰等,超低能耗建筑技术及应用,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[74]陈友明,王盛卫,张泠,系统辨识在建筑湿热过程中应用,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[75]许峰,苏向辉,昂海松,墙体内热湿耦合过程分析中的传递函数解析法,计算物理,2004,5:461～466
[76]清华大学 DeST 开发组,建筑环境系统模拟分析方法-DEST,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[77]杨卫波,施明恒,太阳能通风墙性能研究,建筑热能通风空调,2005,3:17～21
[78]赵平歌,太阳能烟囱自然通风效果的初步研究,[硕士学位论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2002
[79]王丽萍,太阳能烟囱提高室内热压通风效果的数值模拟,[硕士学位论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003
[80]翟晓强,王如竹,太阳能强化自然通风理论分析及其在生态建筑中的应用,工程热物理学报,2004,4:568～570
[81]常荣宣,朱辉,环保节能型呼吸式玻璃幕墙,江苏建筑,2003,3:52～55
[82]杜鹏,夏热冬冷地区双层皮玻璃幕墙的气候适应性研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学
[83]蒋骞,Double-Skin Fa?ade 建筑能耗分析及适用性研究,[硕士学位论文],上海:同济大学
[84]陈佑华,陈芝久,基于实时优化控制的制冷装置特性实验研究,流体机械,2003,31(7):39~42
[85]宫赤坤,蒸发器过热度的 RBF 网络在线辨识与仿真,制冷学报,2002,4:45～48
[86]赵蕾,变频热泵房间空调器的工质替代及动态特性研究,[博士学位论文],西安:西安交通大学,2001
[87]郑小庆,制冷机蒸发器动态特性研究及过热度的模糊 PID 控制:[西安交通大学硕士论文],西安;西安交通大学,2000
[88]陈文勇,蒸发器过热度稳定性机理与智能控制:[西安交通大学博士论文],西安;西安交通大学,1999
[89]周永明,面向多变量控制的制冷系统性能分析,流体机械,1999,4:46～49
[90]谢家泽,制冷系统多输入多输出模型及解耦控制,[硕士学位论文],西安:西安交通大学,2001
[91]童莉葛, 变转速制冷系统电子膨胀阀控制特性及控制策略研究, [博士学位论文],北京:北京科技大学,2004
[92]王军,王雁,邵惠鹤,前馈补偿法在空调系统控制中的应用,上海交通大学学报,2005,2(39):242～246
[93]李绪泉,轿车空调系统多变量控制特性及其实时控制的研究,[博士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2004
[94]田健,朱瑞琪,冯全科,风冷制冷机组的多变量模糊控制研究,西安交通大学学报,2006,5(40):514～517
[95]端木琳、于连广,人体蓄热与热适应能力对热舒适性的影响,制冷空调电力机械,2004,1:30～33
[96]金英姿,动态热环境中人体热健康的探讨,黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2003,3:89～92
[97]孙淑凤,赵荣义,许为全等,动态空调策略研究,制冷与空调,2003,6:27～32
[98]丁容仪,孙淑凤等,动态送风空调系统的经济分析,制冷与空调,2002,6:28～31
[99]夏一哉,牛建磊,赵荣义,空气流动对热舒适影响的实验研究:总结与分析,暖通空调,2000,3:41～45
[100]贾庆贤,赵荣义,风速频谱对人体舒适性的影响,清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,6:89～91
[101]文学军,赵荣义,动态热环境人体热感觉的模糊综合评判,清华大学学报,1998,5:23～27
[102]文学军,肌体热感觉预测及在环境工程中的应用的研究,[博士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,2000
[103]朱守林,室内空调设备舒适性自然风模拟研究,[博士学位论文],北京:北京林业大学,2004
[104]朱能,人体热舒适性与室内空气品质若干关键问题的研究,[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2003
[105]张晋阳,桌面工位空调送风性能及舒适性研究,[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2005
[106]魏刚,绿色室内动态热环境对人舒适性影响的研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[107]纪秀玲,人居环境中人体热感觉的评价及预测研究,[博士学位论文],北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2003
[108]B.H.巴格斯罗夫斯基,建筑热物理学(单寄平译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[109]何嘉鹏,王东方,对墙体不稳定传热-反应系数发的应用研究,工程热物理学报,2000,1:93～96
[110]张晴原,中国建筑用标准气象数据库,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[111]叶歆,建筑热环境,北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[112]孟长再,住宅经济保温厚度的计算与分析,煤气与热力,1997,3:39～43
[113]赵华、金虹,采暖建筑节能复合围护结构与保温材料经济性的研究,哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001,2:83～86
[114]房琳、曲德林等,空调建筑外墙和屋顶经济绝热厚度的计算,太阳能学报,2002,6:711～716
[115]朱盈豹,保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用,北京:中国建材工业出版社,2003
[116]李元哲,狄洪波,被动式太阳房原理及设计,北京:能源出版社.1989
[117]American Society of Heating,Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineer Inc,ASHRAE Applications Handbook,1999
[118]王存诚等,生物医学中的热物理探索,北京:科学出版社,1994
[119]金招芬,朱颖心,建筑环境学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社
[120]钱以明,高层建筑空调与节能,上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[121]刘忠华,外围护结构对是室内采暖空调设计温度的影响,哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004,4:234～237
[122]J.K.Sigey , F.K.Gatheri ,M.Kinyanjui. Numerical study of free convection turbulent heat transfer in an enclosure ,Energy Conversion and Management ,2004,45:2571～2582
[123]陶文铨,数值传热学,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[124]陶文铨,传热学,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[125]FLUENT INC.Fluent 6.2 User's Guide,Lebanon:Centerra Resource Park,2005
[126]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华等,空气调节,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[127]飞思科技产品研发中心编著,MATLAB6.5 辅助神经网络设计和分析,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[128]张吉礼,模糊-神经网络控制及其在建筑热工过程中的应用,[博士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,1998
[129]朱能,人工神经网络对空调负荷预测过程的优化研究,制冷学报,2002,2:35～38
[130]张野等,建筑环境设计模拟分析软件 DeST,暖通空调 2004,10:55～64
[131] Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,Energyplus user manual ,(ebook), 2001
[132]过增元,黄素逸,场协同原理与强化传热新技术,中国电力出版社,2004
[133]A.K.da Sliva,LGosselin, Optimal geometry of L and C-shaped channels for maximum heat transfer rate in natural convection ,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48:609～620
[134]林瑞泰,多孔介质传热传质引论,北京:科学出版社,1995
[135] V.S 阿巴兹,P.S 拉森,对流换热(顾传宝等译),北京:高等教育出版社,1992
[136]王启杰,对流传热传质分析,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[137]张强,高等传热学学习指导及典型题精解,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[138]张祉佑,制冷原理与设备,北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[139]王如竹,丁国良等,制冷原理与技术,北京:科学出版社,2003
[140]陈芝久,制冷装置自动化,北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[141]史美中,王中铮,热交换器原理与设计(第二版),南京:东南大学出版社,1996
[142]孙志毅,李虹,陈志梅等,控制工程基础,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[143]梅晓榕,自动控制原理,北京:科学出版社,2002
[144]邵裕森,过程控制及仪表,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1997
[145]吴桂涛,尹自斌等,主机缸套冷却水出水温度控制方法,交通运输工程学报,2005,4:35～38
[146] 薛定宇著,控制系统仿真与计算机辅助设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2005 薛定宇,
[147]N.B.O.L.Pettit,M.Willatzen ,L.Ploug-Sφrensen. A general dynamic simulation model for evaporators and condensers in refrigeration . Part Ⅱ simulation and control of an evaporator .Int J.Refrig. 1998,21(5):404~414
[148]Pega S.Hrnjak, Mark A.Shannon, Todd M.Leicht,et al. Detection of liquid massfraction at the evaporator exit of refrigeration systems. Int. J. Therm.Sci. 2001 (40):773~786
[149]申欢迎,基于 PMV 指标的舒适空调模糊控制系统仿真研究,[硕士学位论文],重庆:西南交通大学,2001
[150]于航,以 PMV 为基础的模糊控制器在 VAV 空调系统中的应用,[硕士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2001
[151]叶国栋,舒适空调中的热舒适指标控制研究,[硕士学位论文],长沙:湖南大学,2002
[152]周俊彦 魏润柏,环境风速和温度的热舒适性组合模型,同济大学学报,1998,6:701～704
[153]龚明启,冀兆良,空调房间的温度控制与节能,山西建筑,2005,5:110～111
[154]嵇赟喆，空气流速对人体热舒适影响的研究，[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2002
[155]涂光备,嵇赟喆，刘学营等，提高热湿环境空气流速的热舒适性研究，全国暖通空调制冷 2002 年学术论文集,2002,213～218
[156]Rohles F,J Woods,R Nevins,The effects of air movements and temperature on the thermal sensations of sedentary man ASHRAE Trans ,1973,80(1):101～119
[157]陶永华等,新型 PID 控制及其应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[158]刘曙光,魏俊民,竺志超,模糊控制技术,北京:中国纺织出版社,2001
[159]何平,王鸿绪,模糊控制器的设计,北京:科学出版社,1997
[160]廖常初,S7-300/400 PLC 应用技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[161]黄玉燕,许顺隆,李忠辉,模糊控制技术应用于冷库温度的变频调节,大连海事大学学报,2002,8(28):105～108
[162]西门子有限公司,S7-300 和 S7-400 梯形逻辑编程,北京:西门子有限公司,2004
[163]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团,SIMATIC STEP V5.2 使用手册,北京:西门子有限公司,2003
[164] Siemens Ltd,SIMATIC S7-300 and M7-300 Programmable Controllers Module Specifi- cations,Reference Manual ,2001, German: Siemens Ltd
[165]苏昆哲,深入浅出西门子 Wincc6.0 ,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[166]陆耀庆,实用供热空调设计手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[2]西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑研究中心,绿色建筑,北京:中国计划出版社,1999
[3]贾衡,冯义,人与建筑环境,北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
[4]周浩明,张晓东,生态建筑——面向未来的建筑,南京:东南大学出版社,2002
[5]龙惟定,建筑节能与建筑能效管理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[6]王荣光,沈天行,可再生能源利用与建筑节能,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[7]美国公共工程技术公司,绿色建筑技术手册(设计、建筑、运行)(王长庆,龙惟定等译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[8]美国绿色建筑委员会,绿色建筑评估体系(彭梦月译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[9]刘加平,杨柳,室内热环境设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[10]涂逢祥,建筑节能,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,(42)
[11]康艳兵,建筑节能关键技术回顾和展望(二)——国内外建筑节能关键技术的发展现状及趋势,中国能源,2003,12:25～29
[12]肖珩,解读“生态建筑”,四川建筑,2004,6:25～26
[13]李欣,张林烽,太阳能利用与建筑节能,天津建设科技,2002,1:40～42
[14]徐占发,建筑节能实用手册,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[15]陈友明,王盛卫,建筑围护结构非稳态传热分析新方法,北京:科学出版社,2004
[16]陈启高,建筑热物理基础,西安:交通大学出版社,1991
[17]丁国良,张春路,制冷空调装置智能仿真,北京:科学出版社,2002
[18]G.S.Barozzi,M.S.E.Imbabi,E.Noble, A.C.M.Sousa, Physical and Numerical Modeling of a Solar Chimney-based Ventilation System, Building and Environment ,1992,27:433-455
[19]N.K.Bansal ,Rajesh Mahur ,M.S.Bhandari ,Solar Chimney for Enhanced Stack Ventilation , Building and Environment.1993,28:373-377
[20]A.Bouchair ,Solar Chimney for Promoting Cooling Ventilation in Southern Algeria ,Building Serv.Eng Res Techinol,1994,2:81-93
[21]M.M.AboulNaga ,S.N.Abdrabboh, Improving night ventilation into low-rise building in hot arid climates exploring a combined wall-roof solar chimney,Renewable Energy ,2000,19:47-54
[22]Z.D.Chen,Y Li, A Numerical Study of Solar Chimney with Uniform Wall heat flux,4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality ,Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings ,2001.
[23]Guohui Gan, A parametric study of Trombe walls for passive cooling of building,Energy and Building ,1998,27:37～43
[24]R .Letan,V,dubovsky,G ziskind ,Passive ventilation and heating by natural convection in a multi-story building ,Building and Environment ,2003,38 :197～208
[25]Clito Afonso,Armando Oliveira ,Solar chimneys: simulation and experiment, Energy and Buildings,2000,32:71～79
[26]A.M.Rodrigues, Modeling natural convection in a heated vertical channel for room ventilation, Building and Environment,2000,35:455～469
[27]S.H.Yin,T.Y.Wung,K.Chen, Natural convection in an air layer enclosed within rectangular cavities,Internatioanal Journ Mass Transfer ,1978,21 :307～315
[28]Hirunlabh J,Kongduang W,Namprakai P, Study of natural ventilation of houses by a metallic solar wall under tropical climate.,Renewable Energy ,1999,1(18):109～119
[29]G..Ziskind ,V.Dubovsky,R.Letan ,Ventilation by natural convection of a one-story building Energy and Building, 2002,34:91～102
[30]V.Dubovsky, Natural convection inside ventilated enclosure heated by downward-facing plate: experiments and numerical simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 16(44): 3155~68
[31]Till pasquay ,Natural ventilation in high-rise buildings with double facades ,saving or waste of energy, Energy and Building ,2004,36:381～389
[32]Cheol-Soo Park,Godfried Augenbroe, Real-time optimization of a double-skin facade based on lumped modeling and occupant preference, Building and Environment,2004,39:939-948
[33]Cheol-Soo Park,Occupant Responsive Optimal Control of Smart Facade System, [Thesis of doctoral degree], Atlanta :college of Architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology,2003
[34]Elisabeth Gratia,Andre Herde,Is day natural ventilation still possible in office buildings with a double-skin fa?ade?, Building and Environment,2004,39:399～409
[35]Elisabeth Gratia,Andre Herde, Natural ventilation in a double-skin facade ,Energy and Buildings ,2004,36:137～146
[36]Elisabeth Gratia,Andre Da Herde, Optimal operation of a south double-skin facade,Energy and Buildings,2004,36:41～60
[37]H.Manze,A.Schaelin,H.Simmler, Airflow patters and thermal behavior of mechanically ventilated glass double facades, Building and Environment,2004,39:1023～1033
[38]Heinrich Manz,Numerical simulation of heat transfer by natural convection in cavities of facade elements,Energy and Buildings,2003,35:305～311
[39]H.Manz,Th.Frank,Thermal simulation of buildings with double-skinfacades,Energy and Building,2005,37:1114～1121
[40]Heinrich Manz ,Total solar energy transmittance of glass double facades with free convection ,Energy and building ,2004,36:27～136
[41]A.Zollner,E.R.F.Winter,R.Viskanta, Experimental studies of combined heat transfer in turbulent mixed convection fluid flow in double-skin facades,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ,2002,45:4401～4408
[42]Carla Balocco,Massimo Colombari, Thermal behaviour of interactive mechanically ventilated double glazed facade: Non-dimensional analysis, Energy and Buildings ,2006,38:1～7
[43]Wong Nyuk Hien,Wang Liping, Effect of double glazed fa?ade on energy consumption,thermal comfort and condensation for a typical office buildingin Singapore,Energy and Building,2005,37:563～572
[44]D.Faggembauu,M.Costa,M.Soria,A.Oliva, Numerical analysis of the thermal behaviour of glazed ventilated facades in Mediterranean climates. partⅡ:applications and analysis of results,Solar Energy ,2003,75:229～239
[45]W.J.Stec,A.H.C van Paassen, Symbiosis of double skin fa?ade with the HVAC system,Energy and Buildings,2005,37:461～469
[46]W.J.Stec, A.H.C.van Paassen, A.Maziarz, Modeling the double skin facade with plants,Energy and Building ,2005,37:419～427
[47]Ikbal Cetiner,Ertan Ozkan, An approach for the evaluation of energy and cost efficiency of glass facade ,Energy and Buildings ,2005,37:673～684
[48]Wenting Ding ,Yuji Hasemi, Natural ventilation performance of a double-skin fa?ade with a solar chimney, Energy and Building,2005,37:411～418
[49]Nassim Safe,Monika Woloszyn,Jean Jacques Roux,Three-dimensional simulation with a CFD tool of the airflow phenomena in single floor double-skin fa?ade equipped with a venetian blind. Solar Energy,2005,79:193～203
[50]王沣浩,费继友,变频空调器控制系统的技术现状与发展趋势,制冷学报,2000,2:1～6
[51]彦启森,李先庭,小型变容量空调系统控制技术在日本的研究进展,家用电器科技,2000,9:55～58
[52]Xiang-Dong He,Sheng Liu ,Harry H Asada,et al ,Mutivariable Control of Vapor Compression System,HVAC& R Research,1998,3:205-230
[53] Miles R .G ,Sharpe P K,Pan W, A Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks and Rule-Based Techniques in the Developments of a Computer-Aided Control System,Engineering Application Artificial Intelligent ,1994,7:53-58
[54] Ruey-Jing Lian ,Shiuh-Jer Huang ,A mixed fuzzy controller for MIMO systems ,Fuzzy Sets and Systems ,2001,120:73-93
[55]A.Outtagarts,The Transient Response of an Evaporator Fed through an Eletronic Expansion Valve, International Jounral of Energy Research ,1997,21:793~807
[56] Chia p k ,Fuzzy control of superheat in container refrigeration using an electronic expansion valve,HVAC&R research ,1997,1:81~97
[57]R.Kosonen,F.Tan, Assessment of productivity loss in air-conditioned buildings using PMV index, Energy and Buildings,2004,36:987～993
[58]L.巴赫基著,房间的热微气候(傅忠诚译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985
[59] A.C.van der Linden,A.C.Boerstra, Adaptive temperature limits: A new guideline in The Netherlands A new approach for the assessment of building performance with respect to thermal indoor climate, Energy and building,2006,38:8～17
[60]Gail S.Brager,Richard J.de Dear, Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review, Energy and Building,1998,27:83～96
[61]S.Atthajariyakul, Real-time determination of optimal indoor-air condition for thermal comfort ,air quality and efficient energy usage ,Energy and Buildings. 2004,36:720～733
[62] Kwok Wai Horace Mui, Adaptive comfort temperature model of air-conditioned building in Hong Kong , Building and Environment ,2003,38:837～852
[63]C.Bouden, An adaptive thermal comfort model for the Tunisian context:a field study results, Energy and Buildings,2005,37:952～963
[64] John Martin Evans,Evaluating comfort with varying temperature: a graphic design tool,Energy and Buildings ,2003,35:87～93
[65]Omer Kaynakli,Muhsin Kilic, Investigation of indoor thermal comfort under transient conditions ,Building and Environment,2005,40:165～174
[66]Mateja Trobec Lah, Fuzzy control for the illumination and temperature comfort in a test chamber,Building and Environment,2005,40:1626～1637
[67]S.Atthajariyakul ,T.Leephakpreeda, Real-time determination of optimal indoor-air condition for thermal comfort ,air quality and efficient energy usage, Energy and Building,2004,36:720～733
[68]Ismail M, Budaiwi, An approach to investigate and remedy thermal-comfort problems in buildings, Building and Environment , 2007, 5(42):2124-2131
[69]中建建筑承包公司,中国绿色建筑、可持续发展建筑设计研讨会论文集,北京:北京建筑工业出版社
[70]任俊,居住建筑节能设计计算与评价方法研究,[博士学位论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004
[71]郁文红,建筑节能的理论分析与应用研究,[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2004
[72]中国建筑业协会建筑节能专业委员会,建设部建筑节能中心编,外墙外保温技术,北京:中国计划出版社,1999
[73]薛志峰等,超低能耗建筑技术及应用,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[74]陈友明,王盛卫,张泠,系统辨识在建筑湿热过程中应用,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[75]许峰,苏向辉,昂海松,墙体内热湿耦合过程分析中的传递函数解析法,计算物理,2004,5:461～466
[76]清华大学 DeST 开发组,建筑环境系统模拟分析方法-DEST,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[77]杨卫波,施明恒,太阳能通风墙性能研究,建筑热能通风空调,2005,3:17～21
[78]赵平歌,太阳能烟囱自然通风效果的初步研究,[硕士学位论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2002
[79]王丽萍,太阳能烟囱提高室内热压通风效果的数值模拟,[硕士学位论文],西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003
[80]翟晓强,王如竹,太阳能强化自然通风理论分析及其在生态建筑中的应用,工程热物理学报,2004,4:568～570
[81]常荣宣,朱辉,环保节能型呼吸式玻璃幕墙,江苏建筑,2003,3:52～55
[82]杜鹏,夏热冬冷地区双层皮玻璃幕墙的气候适应性研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学
[83]蒋骞,Double-Skin Fa?ade 建筑能耗分析及适用性研究,[硕士学位论文],上海:同济大学
[84]陈佑华,陈芝久,基于实时优化控制的制冷装置特性实验研究,流体机械,2003,31(7):39~42
[85]宫赤坤,蒸发器过热度的 RBF 网络在线辨识与仿真,制冷学报,2002,4:45～48
[86]赵蕾,变频热泵房间空调器的工质替代及动态特性研究,[博士学位论文],西安:西安交通大学,2001
[87]郑小庆,制冷机蒸发器动态特性研究及过热度的模糊 PID 控制:[西安交通大学硕士论文],西安;西安交通大学,2000
[88]陈文勇,蒸发器过热度稳定性机理与智能控制:[西安交通大学博士论文],西安;西安交通大学,1999
[89]周永明,面向多变量控制的制冷系统性能分析,流体机械,1999,4:46～49
[90]谢家泽,制冷系统多输入多输出模型及解耦控制,[硕士学位论文],西安:西安交通大学,2001
[91]童莉葛, 变转速制冷系统电子膨胀阀控制特性及控制策略研究, [博士学位论文],北京:北京科技大学,2004
[92]王军,王雁,邵惠鹤,前馈补偿法在空调系统控制中的应用,上海交通大学学报,2005,2(39):242～246
[93]李绪泉,轿车空调系统多变量控制特性及其实时控制的研究,[博士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2004
[94]田健,朱瑞琪,冯全科,风冷制冷机组的多变量模糊控制研究,西安交通大学学报,2006,5(40):514～517
[95]端木琳、于连广,人体蓄热与热适应能力对热舒适性的影响,制冷空调电力机械,2004,1:30～33
[96]金英姿,动态热环境中人体热健康的探讨,黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2003,3:89～92
[97]孙淑凤,赵荣义,许为全等,动态空调策略研究,制冷与空调,2003,6:27～32
[98]丁容仪,孙淑凤等,动态送风空调系统的经济分析,制冷与空调,2002,6:28～31
[99]夏一哉,牛建磊,赵荣义,空气流动对热舒适影响的实验研究:总结与分析,暖通空调,2000,3:41～45
[100]贾庆贤,赵荣义,风速频谱对人体舒适性的影响,清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,6:89～91
[101]文学军,赵荣义,动态热环境人体热感觉的模糊综合评判,清华大学学报,1998,5:23～27
[102]文学军,肌体热感觉预测及在环境工程中的应用的研究,[博士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,2000
[103]朱守林,室内空调设备舒适性自然风模拟研究,[博士学位论文],北京:北京林业大学,2004
[104]朱能,人体热舒适性与室内空气品质若干关键问题的研究,[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2003
[105]张晋阳,桌面工位空调送风性能及舒适性研究,[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2005
[106]魏刚,绿色室内动态热环境对人舒适性影响的研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[107]纪秀玲,人居环境中人体热感觉的评价及预测研究,[博士学位论文],北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2003
[108]B.H.巴格斯罗夫斯基,建筑热物理学(单寄平译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[109]何嘉鹏,王东方,对墙体不稳定传热-反应系数发的应用研究,工程热物理学报,2000,1:93～96
[110]张晴原,中国建筑用标准气象数据库,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[111]叶歆,建筑热环境,北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[112]孟长再,住宅经济保温厚度的计算与分析,煤气与热力,1997,3:39～43
[113]赵华、金虹,采暖建筑节能复合围护结构与保温材料经济性的研究,哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001,2:83～86
[114]房琳、曲德林等,空调建筑外墙和屋顶经济绝热厚度的计算,太阳能学报,2002,6:711～716
[115]朱盈豹,保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用,北京:中国建材工业出版社,2003
[116]李元哲,狄洪波,被动式太阳房原理及设计,北京:能源出版社.1989
[117]American Society of Heating,Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineer Inc,ASHRAE Applications Handbook,1999
[118]王存诚等,生物医学中的热物理探索,北京:科学出版社,1994
[119]金招芬,朱颖心,建筑环境学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社
[120]钱以明,高层建筑空调与节能,上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[121]刘忠华,外围护结构对是室内采暖空调设计温度的影响,哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004,4:234～237
[122]J.K.Sigey , F.K.Gatheri ,M.Kinyanjui. Numerical study of free convection turbulent heat transfer in an enclosure ,Energy Conversion and Management ,2004,45:2571～2582
[123]陶文铨,数值传热学,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[124]陶文铨,传热学,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[125]FLUENT INC.Fluent 6.2 User's Guide,Lebanon:Centerra Resource Park,2005
[126]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华等,空气调节,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[127]飞思科技产品研发中心编著,MATLAB6.5 辅助神经网络设计和分析,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[128]张吉礼,模糊-神经网络控制及其在建筑热工过程中的应用,[博士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,1998
[129]朱能,人工神经网络对空调负荷预测过程的优化研究,制冷学报,2002,2:35～38
[130]张野等,建筑环境设计模拟分析软件 DeST,暖通空调 2004,10:55～64
[131] Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,Energyplus user manual ,(ebook), 2001
[132]过增元,黄素逸,场协同原理与强化传热新技术,中国电力出版社,2004
[133]A.K.da Sliva,LGosselin, Optimal geometry of L and C-shaped channels for maximum heat transfer rate in natural convection ,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48:609～620
[134]林瑞泰,多孔介质传热传质引论,北京:科学出版社,1995
[135] V.S 阿巴兹,P.S 拉森,对流换热(顾传宝等译),北京:高等教育出版社,1992
[136]王启杰,对流传热传质分析,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[137]张强,高等传热学学习指导及典型题精解,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[138]张祉佑,制冷原理与设备,北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[139]王如竹,丁国良等,制冷原理与技术,北京:科学出版社,2003
[140]陈芝久,制冷装置自动化,北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[141]史美中,王中铮,热交换器原理与设计(第二版),南京:东南大学出版社,1996
[142]孙志毅,李虹,陈志梅等,控制工程基础,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[143]梅晓榕,自动控制原理,北京:科学出版社,2002
[144]邵裕森,过程控制及仪表,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1997
[145]吴桂涛,尹自斌等,主机缸套冷却水出水温度控制方法,交通运输工程学报,2005,4:35～38
[146] 薛定宇著,控制系统仿真与计算机辅助设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2005 薛定宇,
[147]N.B.O.L.Pettit,M.Willatzen ,L.Ploug-Sφrensen. A general dynamic simulation model for evaporators and condensers in refrigeration . Part Ⅱ simulation and control of an evaporator .Int J.Refrig. 1998,21(5):404~414
[148]Pega S.Hrnjak, Mark A.Shannon, Todd M.Leicht,et al. Detection of liquid massfraction at the evaporator exit of refrigeration systems. Int. J. Therm.Sci. 2001 (40):773~786
[149]申欢迎,基于 PMV 指标的舒适空调模糊控制系统仿真研究,[硕士学位论文],重庆:西南交通大学,2001
[150]于航,以 PMV 为基础的模糊控制器在 VAV 空调系统中的应用,[硕士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2001
[151]叶国栋,舒适空调中的热舒适指标控制研究,[硕士学位论文],长沙:湖南大学,2002
[152]周俊彦 魏润柏,环境风速和温度的热舒适性组合模型,同济大学学报,1998,6:701～704
[153]龚明启,冀兆良,空调房间的温度控制与节能,山西建筑,2005,5:110～111
[154]嵇赟喆，空气流速对人体热舒适影响的研究，[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2002
[155]涂光备,嵇赟喆，刘学营等，提高热湿环境空气流速的热舒适性研究，全国暖通空调制冷 2002 年学术论文集,2002,213～218
[156]Rohles F,J Woods,R Nevins,The effects of air movements and temperature on the thermal sensations of sedentary man ASHRAE Trans ,1973,80(1):101～119
[157]陶永华等,新型 PID 控制及其应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[158]刘曙光,魏俊民,竺志超,模糊控制技术,北京:中国纺织出版社,2001
[159]何平,王鸿绪,模糊控制器的设计,北京:科学出版社,1997
[160]廖常初,S7-300/400 PLC 应用技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[161]黄玉燕,许顺隆,李忠辉,模糊控制技术应用于冷库温度的变频调节,大连海事大学学报,2002,8(28):105～108
[162]西门子有限公司,S7-300 和 S7-400 梯形逻辑编程,北京:西门子有限公司,2004
[163]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团,SIMATIC STEP V5.2 使用手册,北京:西门子有限公司,2003
[164] Siemens Ltd,SIMATIC S7-300 and M7-300 Programmable Controllers Module Specifi- cations,Reference Manual ,2001, German: Siemens Ltd
[165]苏昆哲,深入浅出西门子 Wincc6.0 ,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[166]陆耀庆,实用供热空调设计手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000