应用UTD方法分析飞行器天线的散射特性（圆柱部分）
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摘要
电磁兼容（EMC）性是军用设备及系统的一项重要指标, 关系到武器装备整体
效能能否正常发挥。现今飞机种类繁多，安装的电子设备庞杂，机内机外电磁环
境复杂、技术难度高，尤其是雷达天线及其加装配置系统的电磁兼容问题是难点
中的关键。本课题就是在飞行器天线设计、安装初始阶段，通过精确的理论分析，
预测天线安装位置，使安装的天线既满足飞机的气动性能要求，又能实现各自的
主要战（技）术指标和天线间的电磁兼容。本文的根本理论基础是一致性几何绕
射理论（UTD），它是电磁场理论中高频分析方法中最灵活最有用的方法之一。本
文在深入研究这一理论的基础上，系统总结了一些典型几何构件如平板、圆柱的
几何绕射解，使其更具有实用性，更加便于计算机程序处理，并给出了实际算例，
多方证明了理论方法的正确性。这一工作是进行机载天线电磁兼容分析所不可或
缺的一个重要部分。在文章的最后一章里，具体给出了某飞行器上单极子天线的
散射分析图，从总体上给出了本文结果，起到一定参考作用。
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a key standard in the military facility
and system, because it determines weather the integral part of weapon facility can
work normal. Nowadays, the electronic facility installed on various kinds of airplanes
is large and complex, which make the electromagnetic environment complex and the
technique difficult. Especially the radar antenna and the electromagnetic compatibility
of the system installed on it is the key problem in the difficulties. The exact theory
analysis and antenna installing place prediction at the first phase of the antenna design
and installation contents the requirement of not only airplane pneumatic character but
also the respective military standard and the electromagnetic compatibility between
the antennas in this project. The base theory of this thesis is uniform geometry theory
of diffraction, which is one of the most flexible methods of high frequency analysis in
the electromagnetic theory. On the base of deep research of this theory, the geometry
diffraction solution of some typical geometrical part such as board or column is
summarized systemically, which make it more practical and easy to compute program.
The actual computing example is given to prove the correctness of this theory in many
ways. This work is the unavoidable part in the airborne-antennas electromagnetic
compatibility analysis. In the last chapter, the scattering pattern of the monopole
antenna installed on the certain airplane is given.
效能能否正常发挥。现今飞机种类繁多，安装的电子设备庞杂，机内机外电磁环
境复杂、技术难度高，尤其是雷达天线及其加装配置系统的电磁兼容问题是难点
中的关键。本课题就是在飞行器天线设计、安装初始阶段，通过精确的理论分析，
预测天线安装位置，使安装的天线既满足飞机的气动性能要求，又能实现各自的
主要战（技）术指标和天线间的电磁兼容。本文的根本理论基础是一致性几何绕
射理论（UTD），它是电磁场理论中高频分析方法中最灵活最有用的方法之一。本
文在深入研究这一理论的基础上，系统总结了一些典型几何构件如平板、圆柱的
几何绕射解，使其更具有实用性，更加便于计算机程序处理，并给出了实际算例，
多方证明了理论方法的正确性。这一工作是进行机载天线电磁兼容分析所不可或
缺的一个重要部分。在文章的最后一章里，具体给出了某飞行器上单极子天线的
散射分析图，从总体上给出了本文结果，起到一定参考作用。
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a key standard in the military facility
and system, because it determines weather the integral part of weapon facility can
work normal. Nowadays, the electronic facility installed on various kinds of airplanes
is large and complex, which make the electromagnetic environment complex and the
technique difficult. Especially the radar antenna and the electromagnetic compatibility
of the system installed on it is the key problem in the difficulties. The exact theory
analysis and antenna installing place prediction at the first phase of the antenna design
and installation contents the requirement of not only airplane pneumatic character but
also the respective military standard and the electromagnetic compatibility between
the antennas in this project. The base theory of this thesis is uniform geometry theory
of diffraction, which is one of the most flexible methods of high frequency analysis in
the electromagnetic theory. On the base of deep research of this theory, the geometry
diffraction solution of some typical geometrical part such as board or column is
summarized systemically, which make it more practical and easy to compute program.
The actual computing example is given to prove the correctness of this theory in many
ways. This work is the unavoidable part in the airborne-antennas electromagnetic
compatibility analysis. In the last chapter, the scattering pattern of the monopole
antenna installed on the certain airplane is given.
引文
[1] J. B. Keller, “Diffraction by a convex cylinder.” IRE Trans. Antenna Propagat.,
vol.AP-24, pp312-321, 1956.
[2] R. G. Kouyoumjian and P. H. Pathak, “A uniform geometrical theory of diffrac-
tion for an edge in a perfectly-conducting surface,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 62, pp. 1448-
1461, 1974.
[3] P. H. Pathak and R. G. Kouyoumjian, “An analysis of the radiation from apertures in
curved surfaces by the geometrical theory of diffraction,” Proc IEEE, vol.62,
pp.1438-1461, Nov. 1974.
[4] J. H. Richmond, “A reaction theorem and its application to antenna impedance
calculations,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-9, no.6, pp. 515-520, Nov.1961.
[5] K. E. Golden, G. E. Stewart, and D. C. Pridmore-Brown, “Approximation techniques
for the mutual admittances of slot antennas on metallic cones,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propagat., vol. AP-22, pp. 43-48, 1974.
[6]《几何绕射理论》(第二版)，西安电子科技大学出版社,汪茂光著，pp.70-71，1994.
[7] PRABHAKAR H.PATHAK, WALTER D.BURNSIDE and RONALD
J.MARHEFKA, “A Uniform GTD Analysis of the Diffraction of Electromagnetic
Waves by a Smooth Convex Surface”， IEEE Trans. VOL AP-28, No.5, pp631-641,
September 1980.
[8] J. B. Keller, “Geometrical theory of diffraction”, J. Opt. Soc. Am.,vol, 52,
pp.116-130, 1962.
[9] R. G. Kouyoumjian, “The geometrical theory of diffraction and its application,” in
Numerical and Asymptotic Techniques in Electro-Magnetics, R.Mittra, Ed. Berlin:
Spring-Verlag, 1975, ch.6.
[10] J. D. Cashman, R. G. Kouyoumjian, and P. H. Pathak, “Comments on A Uniform
theory of Diffraction for an edge in a perfectly Conducting Surface,” IEEE Trans,
Antenna Propagat., vol. Ap-25, pp.447-451, May 1977.
[11] PRABHAKAR H.PATHAK，NAN WANG，WALTER D.BURNSIDE and
ROBERT G.KOUYOUMJIAN, “A Uniform GTD Solution for the Radiation from
Sources on a Convex Surface”，IEEE Trans. on AP-29, No.4, pp609, JULY 1981.
[12] PRABHAKAR H.PATHAK，and NAN WANG, “Ray Analysis of Mutual
Coupling Between Antennas on a Convex Surface,” IEEE Trans. VOL. AP-29, No.6,
pp911, NOVEMBER,1981.
参考文献 57
[13] K. K. Chan, L. B. Felsen, and A. Hessel, and J.Shmoys. “Creeping waves on a
perfectly-conducting cone,” IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-25, no.5,
pp.661-670, Sept.1977.
[14] SHUNG-WU LEE, SAFIEDDIN SAFAVI-NAINI, “Approximate Asymptotic
Solution of Surface Field due to a Magnetic Dipole on a cylinder”, IEEE Trans., Ante-
nna and Propagation, vol. Ap-26, NO.4, JULY 1978.
[15] P. H. Pathak and N. N. Wang, “An analysis of the mutual coupling between
antennas on a smooth convex surface,” ElectroSci. Lab., Dept, Elect. Eng., Columbus,
Ohio state Univ. Final Rep. 784583-7, Oct. 1978; also, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propa-
gat., submitted for publication.
[16] 《High-Frequency Techniques for Antenna analysis》，PRABHAKAR H. PATH-
AK, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL 80, NO.1, JANUARY 1992. pp49-63.
[17] W. D. Burnside, “Analysis of no-aircraft antenna patterns,” Ph. D. dissertation.
Ohio Station Univ., Columbus, OH, 1972.
[18] Z. W. Chang, L. B. Felsen, and A. Hessel, “Surface ray methods for mutual co-
upling in conformal arrays on cylinder and conical surfaces,” Polytechnic Inst. New
York. Final Rep., Sept. 1975-Feb. 1976.
[19] Prabhakar H.Pathak,“A Uniform GTD Analysis of the Diffraction of Electro-
magnetic Waves by a Smooth Convex Surface”, IEEE AP-28, No.5 , P631-642, Sept.
1980.
[20] 刘其中，GTD中的绕射线寻迹[J]，西安电子科技大学学报，1991，18（3）：
pp45-53.
[21] 宗卫华等．圆锥体与圆柱体的几何绕射理论绕射线寻迹[J]．西安电子科技大
学学报，2002，4：pp482-484.
[22] 王尔杰，林炽森等．几何绕射理论的工程应用[M]．西北电讯工程学
院．1983．pp73－75.
[23]《环境电磁兼容控制基础》，卢礼芬，兵器工业出版社，pp12-15.
[24] W. D. Burnside, Nan Wang, and E. L. Pelton, “NEAR FIELD PATTERN
COMPUTATIONS FOR AIRBORNE ANTENNAS”, The Ohio State University
ElectroScience Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Columbus, Ohio
43212. June 1978. pp14.
[25] 《SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE ANTENNA RADIATION
PATTERNS》, J.J. Kim and W.D. Burnside, The Ohio Station University ElectroScience
Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Columbur, Ohio 43212. pp204 and
pp207.
58 应用 UTD、GTD 方法分析飞行器天线的辐射特性
[26] G. Hasserjian and A. Ishimaru. “Excitation of a conducting cylindrical surface of
large radius of curvature,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-10, pp.
264-273,1962.
[27] J. R. Wait, “Currents excited on a conducting surface of large radius of curvature,”
IRE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. AP-10, pp. 264-273, 1962.
vol.AP-24, pp312-321, 1956.
[2] R. G. Kouyoumjian and P. H. Pathak, “A uniform geometrical theory of diffrac-
tion for an edge in a perfectly-conducting surface,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 62, pp. 1448-
1461, 1974.
[3] P. H. Pathak and R. G. Kouyoumjian, “An analysis of the radiation from apertures in
curved surfaces by the geometrical theory of diffraction,” Proc IEEE, vol.62,
pp.1438-1461, Nov. 1974.
[4] J. H. Richmond, “A reaction theorem and its application to antenna impedance
calculations,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-9, no.6, pp. 515-520, Nov.1961.
[5] K. E. Golden, G. E. Stewart, and D. C. Pridmore-Brown, “Approximation techniques
for the mutual admittances of slot antennas on metallic cones,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propagat., vol. AP-22, pp. 43-48, 1974.
[6]《几何绕射理论》(第二版)，西安电子科技大学出版社,汪茂光著，pp.70-71，1994.
[7] PRABHAKAR H.PATHAK, WALTER D.BURNSIDE and RONALD
J.MARHEFKA, “A Uniform GTD Analysis of the Diffraction of Electromagnetic
Waves by a Smooth Convex Surface”， IEEE Trans. VOL AP-28, No.5, pp631-641,
September 1980.
[8] J. B. Keller, “Geometrical theory of diffraction”, J. Opt. Soc. Am.,vol, 52,
pp.116-130, 1962.
[9] R. G. Kouyoumjian, “The geometrical theory of diffraction and its application,” in
Numerical and Asymptotic Techniques in Electro-Magnetics, R.Mittra, Ed. Berlin:
Spring-Verlag, 1975, ch.6.
[10] J. D. Cashman, R. G. Kouyoumjian, and P. H. Pathak, “Comments on A Uniform
theory of Diffraction for an edge in a perfectly Conducting Surface,” IEEE Trans,
Antenna Propagat., vol. Ap-25, pp.447-451, May 1977.
[11] PRABHAKAR H.PATHAK，NAN WANG，WALTER D.BURNSIDE and
ROBERT G.KOUYOUMJIAN, “A Uniform GTD Solution for the Radiation from
Sources on a Convex Surface”，IEEE Trans. on AP-29, No.4, pp609, JULY 1981.
[12] PRABHAKAR H.PATHAK，and NAN WANG, “Ray Analysis of Mutual
Coupling Between Antennas on a Convex Surface,” IEEE Trans. VOL. AP-29, No.6,
pp911, NOVEMBER,1981.
参考文献 57
[13] K. K. Chan, L. B. Felsen, and A. Hessel, and J.Shmoys. “Creeping waves on a
perfectly-conducting cone,” IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-25, no.5,
pp.661-670, Sept.1977.
[14] SHUNG-WU LEE, SAFIEDDIN SAFAVI-NAINI, “Approximate Asymptotic
Solution of Surface Field due to a Magnetic Dipole on a cylinder”, IEEE Trans., Ante-
nna and Propagation, vol. Ap-26, NO.4, JULY 1978.
[15] P. H. Pathak and N. N. Wang, “An analysis of the mutual coupling between
antennas on a smooth convex surface,” ElectroSci. Lab., Dept, Elect. Eng., Columbus,
Ohio state Univ. Final Rep. 784583-7, Oct. 1978; also, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propa-
gat., submitted for publication.
[16] 《High-Frequency Techniques for Antenna analysis》，PRABHAKAR H. PATH-
AK, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL 80, NO.1, JANUARY 1992. pp49-63.
[17] W. D. Burnside, “Analysis of no-aircraft antenna patterns,” Ph. D. dissertation.
Ohio Station Univ., Columbus, OH, 1972.
[18] Z. W. Chang, L. B. Felsen, and A. Hessel, “Surface ray methods for mutual co-
upling in conformal arrays on cylinder and conical surfaces,” Polytechnic Inst. New
York. Final Rep., Sept. 1975-Feb. 1976.
[19] Prabhakar H.Pathak,“A Uniform GTD Analysis of the Diffraction of Electro-
magnetic Waves by a Smooth Convex Surface”, IEEE AP-28, No.5 , P631-642, Sept.
1980.
[20] 刘其中，GTD中的绕射线寻迹[J]，西安电子科技大学学报，1991，18（3）：
pp45-53.
[21] 宗卫华等．圆锥体与圆柱体的几何绕射理论绕射线寻迹[J]．西安电子科技大
学学报，2002，4：pp482-484.
[22] 王尔杰，林炽森等．几何绕射理论的工程应用[M]．西北电讯工程学
院．1983．pp73－75.
[23]《环境电磁兼容控制基础》，卢礼芬，兵器工业出版社，pp12-15.
[24] W. D. Burnside, Nan Wang, and E. L. Pelton, “NEAR FIELD PATTERN
COMPUTATIONS FOR AIRBORNE ANTENNAS”, The Ohio State University
ElectroScience Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Columbus, Ohio
43212. June 1978. pp14.
[25] 《SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE ANTENNA RADIATION
PATTERNS》, J.J. Kim and W.D. Burnside, The Ohio Station University ElectroScience
Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Columbur, Ohio 43212. pp204 and
pp207.
58 应用 UTD、GTD 方法分析飞行器天线的辐射特性
[26] G. Hasserjian and A. Ishimaru. “Excitation of a conducting cylindrical surface of
large radius of curvature,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-10, pp.
264-273,1962.
[27] J. R. Wait, “Currents excited on a conducting surface of large radius of curvature,”
IRE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. AP-10, pp. 264-273, 1962.