10kV配电线路电流保护控制器的研制
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的不断发展,对电力系统的供电质量提出了更高的要求。断路器作为电力系统保护和控制的终端设备,其可靠性和智能化水平直接影响着电力系统的供电质量和稳定性。
本文采用微机控制方式实现对断路器的控制,从而对10kV配电网的故障和非正常运行状态进行保护。本文研究了线路上造成保护误动作的瞬时性涌流的特点和单相接地故障的特点,分析了目前的选线方法正确率偏低的原因,提出延时加二次谐波制动的涌流识别方案和基于零序导纳法的单相接地故障选线及定位方案。然后推导出选线及故障点定位的实用判据。
本设计采用Microchip公司的PIC18F458芯片作为控制核心,设计的硬件平台主要包括芯片外围电路、电源电路、模拟信号采集电路、AD芯片外围电路、开关量和隔离电路、通信接口。其中,针对现场运行的实际情况,对电源部分进行了特殊设计。并对弹簧操动机构和永磁操动机构分别设计了分闸控制电路。考虑到户外复杂的电磁环境,在硬件上进行了提高控制器抗电磁干扰能力的设计。在软件方面,用C语言和汇编语言混合编程的方法,用模块化的结构编写了涌流识别程序、单相接地选线及故障点定位程序、GSM无线通信程序,并给出了程序的流程图。
最后,本文根据控制器主要功能设计了弹簧机构驱动功能、中性点不接地单相接地故障选线功能和GSM通信功能、电磁兼容性能的实验方案,并将实验结果进行了分析。
全文完成了控制器的主要硬件电路设计、仿真和相关应用程序和算法程序的编写、调试。实现了设计的主要功能,并通过了功能性实验验证和电磁兼容实验。经过研究和实验结果表明:所研制的控制器设计结构合理,能够满足设计的功能需要,具有高可靠性和实用性的特点。
Along with the development of national economy, more requests have been raised in the dealing-with the quality of power supply. As the terminating equipment in the power system, the reliability and the intelligent level of the circuit breaker affect the stability and the quality of power supply of the power system.
This paper adopts the microcomputer mode for controlling breaker to protect fault and abnormal status of 10 kV distribution network. This thesis analyzes the characteristic of the instant inrush current which usually makes breakers operate unintentionally and single-phase earth fault. The reason which lines-selection methods at present usually go wrong is analyzed, and the method which uses time and secondary harmonic proportion to identify inrush current and use zero-sequence to identify the lines which single-phase grounds and to find the fault point is extracted. Finally, this paper gives the practical criterion of line selection and fault point allocation.
The design makes microcontroller PIC18F458 of Microchip Corporation as central processor. The hard platform mainly includes peripheral interface circuit, power circuit, analog signals sampling circuit, ADC peripheral interface circuit, I/O and separation circuit, and communication module. According to the characteristic of working environment at field, it specially designs the power circuit, and designs opening controlling circuit for spring operation organization and permanent-magnet operation organization. Considering electromagnetic environment of the controller, the anti-EMI measures are adopted in hardware component. In software, it compiles the programs including identifying inrush current, the algorithm of line selection and fault point allocation, communication. At the same time, it gives the program flow process charts.
At last, the paper designs the experiment scheme to validate the main function of the spring operation organization driving, fault line selection, GSM communication, and EMC, then analyses and compares the result.
The paper is completed in hardware circuit, emulation, the correlative program and arithmetic and debug. The controller realizes the main function in design. The research and experiment result proves that: the design structure of controller is reasonable and modularized to satisfy the technology request. It is good of reliability and practical characteristic.
本文采用微机控制方式实现对断路器的控制,从而对10kV配电网的故障和非正常运行状态进行保护。本文研究了线路上造成保护误动作的瞬时性涌流的特点和单相接地故障的特点,分析了目前的选线方法正确率偏低的原因,提出延时加二次谐波制动的涌流识别方案和基于零序导纳法的单相接地故障选线及定位方案。然后推导出选线及故障点定位的实用判据。
本设计采用Microchip公司的PIC18F458芯片作为控制核心,设计的硬件平台主要包括芯片外围电路、电源电路、模拟信号采集电路、AD芯片外围电路、开关量和隔离电路、通信接口。其中,针对现场运行的实际情况,对电源部分进行了特殊设计。并对弹簧操动机构和永磁操动机构分别设计了分闸控制电路。考虑到户外复杂的电磁环境,在硬件上进行了提高控制器抗电磁干扰能力的设计。在软件方面,用C语言和汇编语言混合编程的方法,用模块化的结构编写了涌流识别程序、单相接地选线及故障点定位程序、GSM无线通信程序,并给出了程序的流程图。
最后,本文根据控制器主要功能设计了弹簧机构驱动功能、中性点不接地单相接地故障选线功能和GSM通信功能、电磁兼容性能的实验方案,并将实验结果进行了分析。
全文完成了控制器的主要硬件电路设计、仿真和相关应用程序和算法程序的编写、调试。实现了设计的主要功能,并通过了功能性实验验证和电磁兼容实验。经过研究和实验结果表明:所研制的控制器设计结构合理,能够满足设计的功能需要,具有高可靠性和实用性的特点。
Along with the development of national economy, more requests have been raised in the dealing-with the quality of power supply. As the terminating equipment in the power system, the reliability and the intelligent level of the circuit breaker affect the stability and the quality of power supply of the power system.
This paper adopts the microcomputer mode for controlling breaker to protect fault and abnormal status of 10 kV distribution network. This thesis analyzes the characteristic of the instant inrush current which usually makes breakers operate unintentionally and single-phase earth fault. The reason which lines-selection methods at present usually go wrong is analyzed, and the method which uses time and secondary harmonic proportion to identify inrush current and use zero-sequence to identify the lines which single-phase grounds and to find the fault point is extracted. Finally, this paper gives the practical criterion of line selection and fault point allocation.
The design makes microcontroller PIC18F458 of Microchip Corporation as central processor. The hard platform mainly includes peripheral interface circuit, power circuit, analog signals sampling circuit, ADC peripheral interface circuit, I/O and separation circuit, and communication module. According to the characteristic of working environment at field, it specially designs the power circuit, and designs opening controlling circuit for spring operation organization and permanent-magnet operation organization. Considering electromagnetic environment of the controller, the anti-EMI measures are adopted in hardware component. In software, it compiles the programs including identifying inrush current, the algorithm of line selection and fault point allocation, communication. At the same time, it gives the program flow process charts.
At last, the paper designs the experiment scheme to validate the main function of the spring operation organization driving, fault line selection, GSM communication, and EMC, then analyses and compares the result.
The paper is completed in hardware circuit, emulation, the correlative program and arithmetic and debug. The controller realizes the main function in design. The research and experiment result proves that: the design structure of controller is reasonable and modularized to satisfy the technology request. It is good of reliability and practical characteristic.
引文
[1]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理(增订版).北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[2]Oinis Chaari,Michel Meunier,Francoise Brouaye.Wavelets:A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution Systems Relaying.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301-1308.
[3]Y Harmand,M.Ciement,Ph.Juston.Neutral Grounding of MV Rural Networks.The French Solution.CIRED Session l,Argentina,1996,12:4-14.
[4]Griffel D,et al.A new deal for safety and quality on MV networks[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1997,12(4):1428-1433.
[5]要焕年,曹梅月.电力系统谐振接地.第一版.北京:中国电力出版社,2000.
[6]Chaari O.Michel,Brouaye F.Wavelet:A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution System Relaying.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301-1308.
[7]T.S.Sidhu,H.Singh,M.S.Sachdev.Design Implementing and Testing of an Artificial Neural network Based Fault Direction Discriminator for Protecting Transmission Lines.TPWRD,1995,10(2):697-703.
[8]J.Basilesco,J.Tarlor.Report on Methods for Earthling of Generator Step-up Transformer and Generator Winding Neutral as Practiced Throughout the world.CIGER,Electra,1998,11:33-36.
[9]Toshihisa Funabashi.Influence of Fault Arc Characteristics on the Accuracy of Digital Fault Locators.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2001,16(2):195-199.
[10]IEEE Tutorial Course.Microprocessor Relays and Protection Systems.IEEE Inc.Printed in USA,1987.
[11]林涛.微机保护装置硬件平台设计的发展趋势.中国电力,1999,32(4):54-57.
[12]黎朋.基于数字信号处理器的小电流接地选线装置的研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2004.
[13]Grounding and ground fault protection of multiple generator installations on medium-voltage industry and commercial systems part 2:grounding methods.An IEEE/IAS Working Group Report,2002.
[14]IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems(The Green Book),IEEE Standard 142,1992.
[15]毛鹏等.小波包在配电网单项接地故障选线中的应用.电网技术,2004,24(6):9-13,17.
[16]付连强.基于小波分析的小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线的研究:(硕士学位论文).山东:山东大学,2005.
[17]桑在中,张慧芬,潘贞存等.用注入法实现小电流接地系统单相接地选线保护.电力系统自动化,1996,20(2):11-12.
[18]曾祥君,尹项根,于永源等.基于注入变频信号法的经消弧线圈接地系统控制保护新方法.中国电机工程学报,2000,20(1):29-32.
[19]辜成林,陈乔夫等.电机学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[20]郑桂兴.变压器励磁涌流与故障电流的辨别与分析:(硕士学位论文).山东:山东大学,2005.
[21]徐浩强,薛磊.10kV城市配电网中性点接地方式的探讨.高电压技术,1993,19(2):20-24.
[22]曾祥君,尹项根,张哲等.零序导纳法馈线接地保护的研究.中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4):5-10.
[23]IEEE recommended practice for grounding of industrial and commercial power system[C].IEEE Std 142-1991,1992:11-28.
[24]康忠健,于伟.基于暂态高频零序瞬时功率的配电网故障选线方法.继电器,2007,35(1):21-25.
[25]刘和平,刘林,余红欣等.PIC18FXXX 单片机原理及接口程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[26]张明峰.PIC单片机入门与实战.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[27]DS1302涓流充电时钟保持芯片的原理与应用.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.www.zlgmcu.com.
[28]刘琰,李辉,顾亮等.I~2C总线接口时钟芯片DS1307在坦克半主动悬挂电控单元中的应用.国外电子元器件.2002,5:9-12.
[29]沙占友.EMI滤波器的设计原理.电子技术应用[J],2001,5:46-48.
[30]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[31]李振然.利用傅立叶变换实现电力系统频率的测量.广西大学学报,1996,4:56-58.
[32]万鹏,吕承玉,韩旭等.DAS芯片MAX199的特性与应用.电测与仪表,1998,5:29-31.
[33]MAXIM.1996 NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK(VOLUME V)[M.].1996.
[34]刘玉春.新型10kV 固体有载分接开关的研制:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[35]王伟.模拟量光电隔离线性电路的设计.兵工自动化,2000,2:51-53.
[36]Clare Inc.Linear Optocouplers.Clare Application Note AN-107,2002:3-6.
[37]孙娜,杨莘元等.直流模拟测量中的隔离设计与应用.无线电工程,2003,1:52-54.
[38]李彦朋,刘阳,廖湘平.采用精密线性光耦TIL300实现模拟量的隔离.国外电子元器件,2000,2:29-30.
[39]黄健.配电自动化发展动向.国电公司电力自动化院继电保护研究所.2002,12.
[40]孙毅,唐良瑞,杜丹.配电自动化中的通信网解决方案.燕山大学学报.2004,9:423-426.
[41]朱大荫,陈立伟.配电自动化系统中的通信系统研究.信息技术.2004,8:49-51.
[42]王听.电力线载波存在的问题及解决方案.西南科技大学学报.2004,3:6-9.
[43]叶世勋.配电网及其自动化发展趋势.电网技术.1996,6:43-48.
[44]WANG Hai-peng,ZENG Rong,HE Jin-liang.Feasibility analysis of GSM application in remote data acquisition system for distribution network[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2002,10:15-19.
[45]李从荣.利用GSM短消息实现远程监控.电子工程师,2005,3l(4):34-35.
[46]李常峰.基于GPS和GSM混合定位系统的设计与实现.信息技术与信息化自动控制,2005,3:79-81.
[47]张浩.具有小电流接地故障选线功能的永磁机构控制器的研制:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007.
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[53]张晖.继电保护装置的电磁兼容问题.江西电力[J],2006,5:1-3.
[54]朱兰.小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线技术理论及单片机实现方式研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2002.
[55]陈皓.微机保护原理及算法仿真[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2007.
[2]Oinis Chaari,Michel Meunier,Francoise Brouaye.Wavelets:A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution Systems Relaying.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301-1308.
[3]Y Harmand,M.Ciement,Ph.Juston.Neutral Grounding of MV Rural Networks.The French Solution.CIRED Session l,Argentina,1996,12:4-14.
[4]Griffel D,et al.A new deal for safety and quality on MV networks[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1997,12(4):1428-1433.
[5]要焕年,曹梅月.电力系统谐振接地.第一版.北京:中国电力出版社,2000.
[6]Chaari O.Michel,Brouaye F.Wavelet:A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution System Relaying.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301-1308.
[7]T.S.Sidhu,H.Singh,M.S.Sachdev.Design Implementing and Testing of an Artificial Neural network Based Fault Direction Discriminator for Protecting Transmission Lines.TPWRD,1995,10(2):697-703.
[8]J.Basilesco,J.Tarlor.Report on Methods for Earthling of Generator Step-up Transformer and Generator Winding Neutral as Practiced Throughout the world.CIGER,Electra,1998,11:33-36.
[9]Toshihisa Funabashi.Influence of Fault Arc Characteristics on the Accuracy of Digital Fault Locators.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2001,16(2):195-199.
[10]IEEE Tutorial Course.Microprocessor Relays and Protection Systems.IEEE Inc.Printed in USA,1987.
[11]林涛.微机保护装置硬件平台设计的发展趋势.中国电力,1999,32(4):54-57.
[12]黎朋.基于数字信号处理器的小电流接地选线装置的研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2004.
[13]Grounding and ground fault protection of multiple generator installations on medium-voltage industry and commercial systems part 2:grounding methods.An IEEE/IAS Working Group Report,2002.
[14]IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems(The Green Book),IEEE Standard 142,1992.
[15]毛鹏等.小波包在配电网单项接地故障选线中的应用.电网技术,2004,24(6):9-13,17.
[16]付连强.基于小波分析的小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线的研究:(硕士学位论文).山东:山东大学,2005.
[17]桑在中,张慧芬,潘贞存等.用注入法实现小电流接地系统单相接地选线保护.电力系统自动化,1996,20(2):11-12.
[18]曾祥君,尹项根,于永源等.基于注入变频信号法的经消弧线圈接地系统控制保护新方法.中国电机工程学报,2000,20(1):29-32.
[19]辜成林,陈乔夫等.电机学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[20]郑桂兴.变压器励磁涌流与故障电流的辨别与分析:(硕士学位论文).山东:山东大学,2005.
[21]徐浩强,薛磊.10kV城市配电网中性点接地方式的探讨.高电压技术,1993,19(2):20-24.
[22]曾祥君,尹项根,张哲等.零序导纳法馈线接地保护的研究.中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4):5-10.
[23]IEEE recommended practice for grounding of industrial and commercial power system[C].IEEE Std 142-1991,1992:11-28.
[24]康忠健,于伟.基于暂态高频零序瞬时功率的配电网故障选线方法.继电器,2007,35(1):21-25.
[25]刘和平,刘林,余红欣等.PIC18FXXX 单片机原理及接口程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[26]张明峰.PIC单片机入门与实战.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[27]DS1302涓流充电时钟保持芯片的原理与应用.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.www.zlgmcu.com.
[28]刘琰,李辉,顾亮等.I~2C总线接口时钟芯片DS1307在坦克半主动悬挂电控单元中的应用.国外电子元器件.2002,5:9-12.
[29]沙占友.EMI滤波器的设计原理.电子技术应用[J],2001,5:46-48.
[30]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[31]李振然.利用傅立叶变换实现电力系统频率的测量.广西大学学报,1996,4:56-58.
[32]万鹏,吕承玉,韩旭等.DAS芯片MAX199的特性与应用.电测与仪表,1998,5:29-31.
[33]MAXIM.1996 NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK(VOLUME V)[M.].1996.
[34]刘玉春.新型10kV 固体有载分接开关的研制:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[35]王伟.模拟量光电隔离线性电路的设计.兵工自动化,2000,2:51-53.
[36]Clare Inc.Linear Optocouplers.Clare Application Note AN-107,2002:3-6.
[37]孙娜,杨莘元等.直流模拟测量中的隔离设计与应用.无线电工程,2003,1:52-54.
[38]李彦朋,刘阳,廖湘平.采用精密线性光耦TIL300实现模拟量的隔离.国外电子元器件,2000,2:29-30.
[39]黄健.配电自动化发展动向.国电公司电力自动化院继电保护研究所.2002,12.
[40]孙毅,唐良瑞,杜丹.配电自动化中的通信网解决方案.燕山大学学报.2004,9:423-426.
[41]朱大荫,陈立伟.配电自动化系统中的通信系统研究.信息技术.2004,8:49-51.
[42]王听.电力线载波存在的问题及解决方案.西南科技大学学报.2004,3:6-9.
[43]叶世勋.配电网及其自动化发展趋势.电网技术.1996,6:43-48.
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