GPS抗干扰技术研究
摘要
随着全球导航系统(GPS接收机)在民用和军事领域的迅速推广，它易于受到干扰的问题日益显现出来。国内关于GPS干扰与抗干扰的技术领域内的研究刚刚起步，因而实际设计GPS抗干扰的射频电路，建立GPS抗干扰的模型和GPS抗干扰测试评估系统有着重要的意义。本文所作工作主要体现以下四点：
1、论文结合GPS接收机的原理，给出了其干扰特性分析，在此基础上我们提出了GPS抗干扰总体设计方案。
2、本文主要给出了GPS的前端射频电路设计方案，着重讨论了噪声值较小GPS低噪声放大器的设计过程，针对大功率带外干扰，通过在射频前端加载声表面滤波器对带外干扰进行了抑制处理，实验和仿真验证了其带外干扰抑制能力。
3、针对多元天线接收机，提出了空时自适应信号处理算法，建立基于EKF自适应滤波技术的抗干扰模型，分析表明：在J／S即干扰／信号为60dB时，能较好的抑制窄带和宽带干扰作用。
4、论文提出GPS抗干扰能力评估的测试方案，通过用安捷伦公司的矢量信号发生器E4438C和Agilent Advanced Design system软件，建立了测试平台。该方案评估了GPS接收机在加入抗窄带干扰数字处理技术后的性能，结果表明：对单元天线接收机来说，频域窄带干扰抑制技术能较好起到抗窄带干扰作用。
As GPS receiver is used widely both in the civil and military affairs. The vulnerability of GPS and GNSS to that interference is becoming visible. The research on GPS jam and anti-jam field is just beginning in China. So it is very significant to design anti-jam RF circuit, to build anti-jam model and to build evaluation system for GPS anti-jam. The work in this paper is as below:
This princeple of the GPS receiver and some interference characters analyse is introduced in this paper. Based on this, the total solution for GPS anti-jam is given in this paper. In the paper, we have designed the RF circuit and induce the technique of RF filter which can mitigate out of band interference. For another receiver with multiple antennas, We also give the Space-time adaptive signal processing algorithm and build the model of based on EKF.In the model, the narrowband jammers are modeled as vector autoregressive (VAR) processes and rejected by temporal whitening. The spatial nulling is implicitly achieved by estimating a sample covariance matrix and feeding its inverse into the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Computer simulations demonstrate robust performance of the algorithm in severe jamming. In addition, We build the experiments platform in order to Measured Effects of a Narrowband Interference Suppressor on GPS Receivers with a single antenna. The platform consists of E4438C vector signal gener
ator,Advanced Design system,GPS receiver.The solution evaluate the performance of GPS receiver with/without Narrowband Interference Suppressor.The result shows the Narrow Interference Suppressor can mitigate narrow interference to GPS.
1、论文结合GPS接收机的原理，给出了其干扰特性分析，在此基础上我们提出了GPS抗干扰总体设计方案。
2、本文主要给出了GPS的前端射频电路设计方案，着重讨论了噪声值较小GPS低噪声放大器的设计过程，针对大功率带外干扰，通过在射频前端加载声表面滤波器对带外干扰进行了抑制处理，实验和仿真验证了其带外干扰抑制能力。
3、针对多元天线接收机，提出了空时自适应信号处理算法，建立基于EKF自适应滤波技术的抗干扰模型，分析表明：在J／S即干扰／信号为60dB时，能较好的抑制窄带和宽带干扰作用。
4、论文提出GPS抗干扰能力评估的测试方案，通过用安捷伦公司的矢量信号发生器E4438C和Agilent Advanced Design system软件，建立了测试平台。该方案评估了GPS接收机在加入抗窄带干扰数字处理技术后的性能，结果表明：对单元天线接收机来说，频域窄带干扰抑制技术能较好起到抗窄带干扰作用。
As GPS receiver is used widely both in the civil and military affairs. The vulnerability of GPS and GNSS to that interference is becoming visible. The research on GPS jam and anti-jam field is just beginning in China. So it is very significant to design anti-jam RF circuit, to build anti-jam model and to build evaluation system for GPS anti-jam. The work in this paper is as below:
This princeple of the GPS receiver and some interference characters analyse is introduced in this paper. Based on this, the total solution for GPS anti-jam is given in this paper. In the paper, we have designed the RF circuit and induce the technique of RF filter which can mitigate out of band interference. For another receiver with multiple antennas, We also give the Space-time adaptive signal processing algorithm and build the model of based on EKF.In the model, the narrowband jammers are modeled as vector autoregressive (VAR) processes and rejected by temporal whitening. The spatial nulling is implicitly achieved by estimating a sample covariance matrix and feeding its inverse into the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Computer simulations demonstrate robust performance of the algorithm in severe jamming. In addition, We build the experiments platform in order to Measured Effects of a Narrowband Interference Suppressor on GPS Receivers with a single antenna. The platform consists of E4438C vector signal gener
ator,Advanced Design system,GPS receiver.The solution evaluate the performance of GPS receiver with/without Narrowband Interference Suppressor.The result shows the Narrow Interference Suppressor can mitigate narrow interference to GPS.
引文
[1]Elliott D．Kaplan GPS原理与应用 电子工业出版社 2002
[2]王忠 GPS抗干扰技术及其动态特性研究 电子科技大学博士论文 1998
[3]黄联芬，直扩通信窄带干扰抑制的非线性自适应滤波技术厦门大学学报(自然科学版)Vol．37 No．4 1999
[4]R. A. IItis, joint estimation of PN code delay and multipath using the Extended Kalman filter IEEE transactions on Communications, vol. 38, pp. 1677-1685, October 1990. J. W. Ketchum and J.G. Proakis.
[5]Agilent ATF-55143 Low Noise Enhancement Mode Pseudomorphic HEMT in a Surface Mount Plastic Package Data Sheet, www. aglient, com
[6]R. Iltis and G. Hanson, C/A code tracking and acquisition with interference rejection using the extended Kalman filter, in ION National Technical Meeting Proceedings, (San Diego, CA), pp. 881-890, Jan. 1999.
[7]陈小文 通信抗干扰和通信干扰综合技术研究 电子科技大学 硕士论文 2002
[8]JW Ketchum and JG Proakis, adaptive algorithms for estimation and suppressing narrow-band interference in PN spread spectrum systems, IEEE Transcations on communications vol 30, no, 5, pp 913-924 may 1982
[9]R. Fante and J. Vacarro, Cancellation of jammers and jammer multipath in a GPS receiver," IEEE AES Systems Magazine, pp. 25-28, Nov. 1998.
[10]顾巨峰 自适应滤波器的VLSI实现 大连理工大学 硕士论文 2002
[11]David Mottier, Iterative Space-Time Interference Cancellation for W-CDMA Systems Loc Brunel, Mitsubishi Electric ITE
[12]P.T. Capozza, B.J. Holland, T.M. Hopkinson, C. Li, D. Moulin, P.Pacheco, R. Rifkin Measured effects of a Narrowband interference Suppressor on GPS Receivers. ION Annual Meeting June 1999
[13]S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[14]C. W. Helstrom, Elements of Signal Detection and Estimation. Englewood Clis, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995.
[15]Gregory D. Rash ,GPS Jamming in a laboratory environment naval air warefare
center weapons division China Lake
[16] R. A. Iltis, An EKF-based joint estimator for interference, multipath, and code delay in a DS spread-spectrum receiver," IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 42, pp. 1288-1299, Feb.-April 1994. DRAFT16
[17] U. Madhow and M. L. Ilonig, MMSE interference suppression for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 42, pp. 3178-3188, Dec. 1994.
[18] S. L. Miller, An adaptive direct-sequence code-division multiple-access receiver for multiuser interference rejection," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 43, pp. 1746-1755, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1995.
[19] B. E. Bona and R. J. Smay, Optimum reset of ship's inertial navigation system," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-2, pp. 409{414, Jul. 1966.
[20] P. Diaz and R. Agusti, A novel EKF-based scheme for tracking code delay recovery in DS/CDMA systems,"International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 89-100, 1997.
[21] T. J. Lim and L. K. Rasmussen, Adaptive symbol and parameter estimation in asynchronous multiuser CDMA detectors," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 45, pp. 213-220, Feb. 1997.
[22] H.-Y. Wu and A. Duel-Hallen, On the performance of coherent and noncoherent multiuser detectors for mobile radio CDMA channels," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, (Cambridge, MA), pp. 76-80, Oct. 1996.
[23] S.J. Kim and R. A. Iltis, GPS C/A code tracking with narrowband interference rejection using the mean-value theorem particle filter," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Submitted.
[24] H. Qi and J. B. Moore, Direct Kalman filtering approach for GPS/INS integration," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 38, pp. 687-692, Apr. 2002.
[25] S. Tsai, T. Wong, and J. Lehnert, DS-CDMA system with joint channel
estimation and MAP detection in time-selective fading channels," IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Commun., vol. 19, pp. 121-131, Jan. 2001.
[26] B. Anderson and J. Moore, Optimal Filtering. Englewood Clis, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979.
[27] R. E. Ziemer and R. L. Peterson, Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems. New York: Macmillan, 1985.
[28] M. S. Braasch and A. J. van Dierendonck, GPS receiver architectures and measurements," Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, Jan. 1999.
[2]王忠 GPS抗干扰技术及其动态特性研究 电子科技大学博士论文 1998
[3]黄联芬，直扩通信窄带干扰抑制的非线性自适应滤波技术厦门大学学报(自然科学版)Vol．37 No．4 1999
[4]R. A. IItis, joint estimation of PN code delay and multipath using the Extended Kalman filter IEEE transactions on Communications, vol. 38, pp. 1677-1685, October 1990. J. W. Ketchum and J.G. Proakis.
[5]Agilent ATF-55143 Low Noise Enhancement Mode Pseudomorphic HEMT in a Surface Mount Plastic Package Data Sheet, www. aglient, com
[6]R. Iltis and G. Hanson, C/A code tracking and acquisition with interference rejection using the extended Kalman filter, in ION National Technical Meeting Proceedings, (San Diego, CA), pp. 881-890, Jan. 1999.
[7]陈小文 通信抗干扰和通信干扰综合技术研究 电子科技大学 硕士论文 2002
[8]JW Ketchum and JG Proakis, adaptive algorithms for estimation and suppressing narrow-band interference in PN spread spectrum systems, IEEE Transcations on communications vol 30, no, 5, pp 913-924 may 1982
[9]R. Fante and J. Vacarro, Cancellation of jammers and jammer multipath in a GPS receiver," IEEE AES Systems Magazine, pp. 25-28, Nov. 1998.
[10]顾巨峰 自适应滤波器的VLSI实现 大连理工大学 硕士论文 2002
[11]David Mottier, Iterative Space-Time Interference Cancellation for W-CDMA Systems Loc Brunel, Mitsubishi Electric ITE
[12]P.T. Capozza, B.J. Holland, T.M. Hopkinson, C. Li, D. Moulin, P.Pacheco, R. Rifkin Measured effects of a Narrowband interference Suppressor on GPS Receivers. ION Annual Meeting June 1999
[13]S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[14]C. W. Helstrom, Elements of Signal Detection and Estimation. Englewood Clis, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995.
[15]Gregory D. Rash ,GPS Jamming in a laboratory environment naval air warefare
center weapons division China Lake
[16] R. A. Iltis, An EKF-based joint estimator for interference, multipath, and code delay in a DS spread-spectrum receiver," IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 42, pp. 1288-1299, Feb.-April 1994. DRAFT16
[17] U. Madhow and M. L. Ilonig, MMSE interference suppression for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 42, pp. 3178-3188, Dec. 1994.
[18] S. L. Miller, An adaptive direct-sequence code-division multiple-access receiver for multiuser interference rejection," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 43, pp. 1746-1755, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1995.
[19] B. E. Bona and R. J. Smay, Optimum reset of ship's inertial navigation system," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-2, pp. 409{414, Jul. 1966.
[20] P. Diaz and R. Agusti, A novel EKF-based scheme for tracking code delay recovery in DS/CDMA systems,"International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 89-100, 1997.
[21] T. J. Lim and L. K. Rasmussen, Adaptive symbol and parameter estimation in asynchronous multiuser CDMA detectors," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 45, pp. 213-220, Feb. 1997.
[22] H.-Y. Wu and A. Duel-Hallen, On the performance of coherent and noncoherent multiuser detectors for mobile radio CDMA channels," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, (Cambridge, MA), pp. 76-80, Oct. 1996.
[23] S.J. Kim and R. A. Iltis, GPS C/A code tracking with narrowband interference rejection using the mean-value theorem particle filter," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Submitted.
[24] H. Qi and J. B. Moore, Direct Kalman filtering approach for GPS/INS integration," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 38, pp. 687-692, Apr. 2002.
[25] S. Tsai, T. Wong, and J. Lehnert, DS-CDMA system with joint channel
estimation and MAP detection in time-selective fading channels," IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Commun., vol. 19, pp. 121-131, Jan. 2001.
[26] B. Anderson and J. Moore, Optimal Filtering. Englewood Clis, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979.
[27] R. E. Ziemer and R. L. Peterson, Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems. New York: Macmillan, 1985.
[28] M. S. Braasch and A. J. van Dierendonck, GPS receiver architectures and measurements," Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, Jan. 1999.