旋转射流清除浅埋物表土及相关机理的研究
|
摘要
旋转射流是指喷嘴不旋转的条件下产生的具有三维速度、射流质点沿螺旋线轨迹运动而形成的扩散式射流,是自由射流加旋转的一种复合流动,其流动情形较为复杂,大多处于紊流状态。旋转射流清除浅埋地雷表土是利用水射流排雷的一种技术方法,该技术的研究与应用不仅提高了排雷效率,而且进一步拓宽了水射流的应用范围。
目前排雷的方法主要有:电磁排雷、雷达排雷、新型声学排雷以及火箭推进排雷等。水射流排雷技术是新近兴起的一种排雷方法,目前还处在探索阶段,缺乏系统的理论及应用研究,本文依托理论分析与实验室模拟试验,从结构设计、破土理论、试验分析几个方面对其进行深入细致的研究。
利用高压水射流技术进行探、排雷具以下显著特点:水介质传输方便,便于实现远距离和野外作业;在工作过程中喷头与靶件处于非接触状态,因而便于实现光控、数控或机械手控制;工作过程中不会产生高温、火花、粉尘,不改变材料的力学、物理和化学性能,是目前唯一的一种冷加工手段。由此可见,高压水射流技术尤其适合在易燃易爆的危险环境中进行作业。
基于旋转水射流理论和土力学理论,分析了射流对土体表面的作用力以及旋转射流破土机理,认为射流的作用压力是土体发生破坏的最根本的外在因素,而土体的临界破坏力是由其内在因素即土体的物理力学性质决定的,只有当射流的作用力大于土体的临界破坏力,土体才可能发生破坏。建立了模拟试验系统,试验结果表明,提高旋转射流破土效果必须增大射流功率,提高射流压力对破土的效果提高是很明显的。靶距的选择与破土效果的关系也能通过试验确定。
本文对旋转射流的运动规律和破土机理进行分析,致力提高其在排雷方面的应用,是一门非常重要的课题。采用理论和试验相结合的方式,对水射流排雷进行系统的探讨,这对探索新的排雷技术和方法显得非常有理论和实际意义。
Revolving jet flow is proliferation type jet flow that forms under the condition which the spray nozzle does not revolve with the three dimensional speed, jet flow particle alongs spiral line path movement,and it is one kind of compound flowing of the open jet adding revolving, its flowing situation is more complex, mostly is at the turbulent state. The revolving jet is atechnique method of using the water to eliminate shallow submersion land mine surface, this technology research and the application not only raise efficiency of the mine clearance, but also further expand application scope of the water jet .
At present, the main method of removing mines as follow: electromagnetism mine clearance, radar mine clearance, new acoustics mine clearance as well as rocket propulsion mine clearance and so on. The water jet flow mine clearance technology is one mine clearance method which recently emerged, presently, it is still in the exploratory phase and lack of systematic theoretical and applied research. This article depends on the theoretical analysis and the laboratory simulation experiment, carefully research on the structural design, breaking ground the theory and the experiment analysis.
By using of the high-pressured water fluid technology exploration, the mine clearance has the outstanding feature: First, the aqueous medium transmission convenience, which is advantageous of realizing the long-distance range and the field work. Second ,the nozzle and the target are at the non-contact condition in the work process, thus is advantageously realizes the light to control, the numerical control or the manipulator control; Third, it will not have the high temperature, the spark, the dust, and will not change the material mechanics, physics and the chemical properties during the work process, so, it is the only one of cold finishing method at present . Thus it can be seen, the high-pressured water fluid technology suits especially in the flammable explosive dangerous environment carries on the work.
Based on the revolving water jet flow theory and soil mechanics theory, by means of the action of the jet flow to the soil body surface and the mechanism of the revolving jet flow breaking ground analysis ,and the thoughts of which the action pressure of jetting is basic external factor of the soil body destruction, but the soil body critical destructive power to soil body is determined by its internal factors that physical and mechanical properties of the soil, only then, when the jet flow action is greater than the soil body the critical destructive power, the soil body only then possibly has the destruction. Established indoor has simulated the test platform, the test result indicated that enhanced the revolving jet flow to break ground the effect to increase the jet flow power,and enhanced the jet pressure to the effect enhancement which broke ground is very obvious. The target is apart from the choice to breaks ground the effect relations ,also to be able through the experimental determination.
By means of the revolving jet flow's law of motion and breaking ground the mechanism analysis of the article , using a combination way of the theory and the experiment to systematically discuss the new water jet flow mine clearance technology ,and it has very important the theory and the practical significance in exploring the new mine clearance technology and the method.
目前排雷的方法主要有:电磁排雷、雷达排雷、新型声学排雷以及火箭推进排雷等。水射流排雷技术是新近兴起的一种排雷方法,目前还处在探索阶段,缺乏系统的理论及应用研究,本文依托理论分析与实验室模拟试验,从结构设计、破土理论、试验分析几个方面对其进行深入细致的研究。
利用高压水射流技术进行探、排雷具以下显著特点:水介质传输方便,便于实现远距离和野外作业;在工作过程中喷头与靶件处于非接触状态,因而便于实现光控、数控或机械手控制;工作过程中不会产生高温、火花、粉尘,不改变材料的力学、物理和化学性能,是目前唯一的一种冷加工手段。由此可见,高压水射流技术尤其适合在易燃易爆的危险环境中进行作业。
基于旋转水射流理论和土力学理论,分析了射流对土体表面的作用力以及旋转射流破土机理,认为射流的作用压力是土体发生破坏的最根本的外在因素,而土体的临界破坏力是由其内在因素即土体的物理力学性质决定的,只有当射流的作用力大于土体的临界破坏力,土体才可能发生破坏。建立了模拟试验系统,试验结果表明,提高旋转射流破土效果必须增大射流功率,提高射流压力对破土的效果提高是很明显的。靶距的选择与破土效果的关系也能通过试验确定。
本文对旋转射流的运动规律和破土机理进行分析,致力提高其在排雷方面的应用,是一门非常重要的课题。采用理论和试验相结合的方式,对水射流排雷进行系统的探讨,这对探索新的排雷技术和方法显得非常有理论和实际意义。
Revolving jet flow is proliferation type jet flow that forms under the condition which the spray nozzle does not revolve with the three dimensional speed, jet flow particle alongs spiral line path movement,and it is one kind of compound flowing of the open jet adding revolving, its flowing situation is more complex, mostly is at the turbulent state. The revolving jet is atechnique method of using the water to eliminate shallow submersion land mine surface, this technology research and the application not only raise efficiency of the mine clearance, but also further expand application scope of the water jet .
At present, the main method of removing mines as follow: electromagnetism mine clearance, radar mine clearance, new acoustics mine clearance as well as rocket propulsion mine clearance and so on. The water jet flow mine clearance technology is one mine clearance method which recently emerged, presently, it is still in the exploratory phase and lack of systematic theoretical and applied research. This article depends on the theoretical analysis and the laboratory simulation experiment, carefully research on the structural design, breaking ground the theory and the experiment analysis.
By using of the high-pressured water fluid technology exploration, the mine clearance has the outstanding feature: First, the aqueous medium transmission convenience, which is advantageous of realizing the long-distance range and the field work. Second ,the nozzle and the target are at the non-contact condition in the work process, thus is advantageously realizes the light to control, the numerical control or the manipulator control; Third, it will not have the high temperature, the spark, the dust, and will not change the material mechanics, physics and the chemical properties during the work process, so, it is the only one of cold finishing method at present . Thus it can be seen, the high-pressured water fluid technology suits especially in the flammable explosive dangerous environment carries on the work.
Based on the revolving water jet flow theory and soil mechanics theory, by means of the action of the jet flow to the soil body surface and the mechanism of the revolving jet flow breaking ground analysis ,and the thoughts of which the action pressure of jetting is basic external factor of the soil body destruction, but the soil body critical destructive power to soil body is determined by its internal factors that physical and mechanical properties of the soil, only then, when the jet flow action is greater than the soil body the critical destructive power, the soil body only then possibly has the destruction. Established indoor has simulated the test platform, the test result indicated that enhanced the revolving jet flow to break ground the effect to increase the jet flow power,and enhanced the jet pressure to the effect enhancement which broke ground is very obvious. The target is apart from the choice to breaks ground the effect relations ,also to be able through the experimental determination.
By means of the revolving jet flow's law of motion and breaking ground the mechanism analysis of the article , using a combination way of the theory and the experiment to systematically discuss the new water jet flow mine clearance technology ,and it has very important the theory and the practical significance in exploring the new mine clearance technology and the method.
引文
[1]薛胜雄等.高压水射流技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[2]孙家骏.水射流切割技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1992.
[3]胡鹤鸣、李玲、陈拥灿、刘昭伟.水垫式旋转磨料射流喷嘴内流动特性的数值分析.水利水电学报,2006年25卷第6期:111～118.
[4]杨永印、沈忠厚、王瑞和.旋转磨料射流破岩钻孔试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,1999.27(4):4～7.
[5]邢茂.旋转射流理论及实验研究[D].太原理工大学硕士论文,2000.
[6] Vijay M M,Briley W H ,Drilling of rocks with high pressure water jets:Influence of rock properties[J]. Jet CuttingTech,1982:179～188.
[7] Vijay M M,Briley W H ,Drilling of rocks with high pressure water jets:Influence of rock properties[J]. Jet CuttingTech,1982:179～188.
[8] Gallaire, Francois, Mode. selection in swirling jet experiments: A linear stability analysis[J]. Journal of FluidMechanics, Nov 10 2003: 223～253.
[9]易灿,李根生.喷嘴结构对高压射流特性影响研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005(2):16～19.
[10]杨永印、沈忠厚等.磨料浆体旋转射流的速度分布及其受聚丙烯酰胺添加剂的影响[J].石油大学学报,2005(1):34～40.
[11] Dickinson W.Wilkes R D.Dickinson R W.Conical water jet drilling[J].Proc 4th US Water Jet Conference,ASME,1987: 89～96.
[12]周有恒.探雷排雷技术纵横谈[J].军事天地,2007(19-20)
[13]董志勇.射流力学[M].科学出版社,2005: 84～98.
[14]林玉静.旋流喷嘴射流及其破碎机理的研究[D].天津大学硕士论文,1999.
[15]沈忠厚.水射流理论与技术[M].石油大学出版社,1998:250～289.
[16]步玉环、王瑞和等.旋转射流流线分析及旋流强度的计算[J].石油大学学报,1998(5):45～47.
[17]余常昭.紊动射流[M].高等教育出版社,1993:170～185.
[18]王瑞和、沈忠厚、周卫东.高压水射流破岩钻孔的实验研究.油钻采工艺,1995(1)25~28.
[19]佟庆理.两相流动理论基础[M].冶金工业出版社,1982.
[20]周新民.水沙两相流湍流模式及其应用[D].四川大学博士论文,2001.
[21]向东.新世纪扫雷科技面面观[J].大众科学,2000(1).
[22]马式曾.禁雷呼声高,造雷、扫雷出新招[J].轻兵器,1998(12):31~32.
[23]莫霜.关于地雷、探雷以及中子探雷[J].现代物理知识,16卷4期(总94期).
[24]崔乃明,地下或水下爆炸物的探测与清除技术[J].现代军事,1995(2):38~40.
[25]白云、伊明国、罗志中.未来地雷的发展特点及趋势[J].轻兵器,2002(4):6~7.
[26]高广东、魏立英.形形色色的扫雷装备[J].军事大观,2006(6).
[27]澎宗法.地雷(一) [J].轻兵器,1998(12):31-32.
[28]澎宗法.地雷(二) [J].轻兵器,1999(2):31-32.
[29]澎宗法.地雷(三) [J].轻兵器,1999(3):35-36.
[30]澎宗法.地雷(四) [J].轻兵器,1999(4):31-32.
[31]澎宗法.地雷(五) [J].轻兵器,1999(5):31-32.
[32]崔谟慎、孙家骏.高压水射流技术[M].煤炭工业出版社,1993:1～6.
[33]王瑞和,倪红坚.高压水射流破岩钻孔过程的理论研究[J].石油大学石油工程学院,2003(4)44~47.
[34]张东速、刘本立、贾北华.前混合磨料射流切割试验装置的研究.江苏煤炭,1999(2):51～53.
[35]张作龙、梁忠民.高压淹没水射流破岩实验研究.石油矿场机械,2000,29(5):27～29
[36]高岗荣.高压喷注浆射流破土特性的试验研究:硕士学位论文.北京:煤炭科学研究总院,1991.
[37]李范山、杜嘉鸿、施小博等.射流破土机理研究及其工程应用.流体机械,1997,25(2):26～29.
[38]杜嘉鸿、李范山、王杰等.旋喷注浆破土机理研究及岩土工程应用.地质与勘探,1997,33(2):4852.
[39] AmatidisDK.Laboratoryinvestigationofsoilcuttingwithawaterjet.In:SummerDA,HastonFFed.Proceedingsofthe2thAmericanWaterjetConference,Rolla,Missouri,1983: 153～156.
[40]符飞跃.提高高压喷射注浆固结体强度的研究:硕士学位论文.长沙:中南工业大学,1998.
[41]陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾编.土力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1994 .
[42]陆希哲编著.土力学地基基础,北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[43]蒋彭平编著.土的本构关系北京:科学出版社,1982.
[44]殷宗泽主编.土力学与地基.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[45]陆培毅主编.土力学.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[46]马飞,宋志辉.水射流动力特性及破土机理[J].北京科技大学学报.2006.28(5).
[47]马飞.关于水射流土锚扩孔的理论和设备的研究.博士论文.北京科技大学,2004.
[48]王瑞和,周卫东,沈忠厚,杨永印.旋转射流破岩钻孔机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报.1999.9.
[49]杨永印、沈忠厚、王瑞和、周卫东.旋转磨料射流破岩钻孔试验研究[J].石油钻探技术.1999(8): 4～7.
[50] Ribeiro M M,Whitelaw J H.Coaxial Jets with and without Swirl.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1980,96:769～795.
[51]鲁军波陈杰.基于高压水射流分布特性的清洗参数选择[J].中国安全科学学报,2004(12):67-70北京:电子工业出版社
[2]孙家骏.水射流切割技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1992.
[3]胡鹤鸣、李玲、陈拥灿、刘昭伟.水垫式旋转磨料射流喷嘴内流动特性的数值分析.水利水电学报,2006年25卷第6期:111～118.
[4]杨永印、沈忠厚、王瑞和.旋转磨料射流破岩钻孔试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,1999.27(4):4～7.
[5]邢茂.旋转射流理论及实验研究[D].太原理工大学硕士论文,2000.
[6] Vijay M M,Briley W H ,Drilling of rocks with high pressure water jets:Influence of rock properties[J]. Jet CuttingTech,1982:179～188.
[7] Vijay M M,Briley W H ,Drilling of rocks with high pressure water jets:Influence of rock properties[J]. Jet CuttingTech,1982:179～188.
[8] Gallaire, Francois, Mode. selection in swirling jet experiments: A linear stability analysis[J]. Journal of FluidMechanics, Nov 10 2003: 223～253.
[9]易灿,李根生.喷嘴结构对高压射流特性影响研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005(2):16～19.
[10]杨永印、沈忠厚等.磨料浆体旋转射流的速度分布及其受聚丙烯酰胺添加剂的影响[J].石油大学学报,2005(1):34～40.
[11] Dickinson W.Wilkes R D.Dickinson R W.Conical water jet drilling[J].Proc 4th US Water Jet Conference,ASME,1987: 89～96.
[12]周有恒.探雷排雷技术纵横谈[J].军事天地,2007(19-20)
[13]董志勇.射流力学[M].科学出版社,2005: 84～98.
[14]林玉静.旋流喷嘴射流及其破碎机理的研究[D].天津大学硕士论文,1999.
[15]沈忠厚.水射流理论与技术[M].石油大学出版社,1998:250～289.
[16]步玉环、王瑞和等.旋转射流流线分析及旋流强度的计算[J].石油大学学报,1998(5):45～47.
[17]余常昭.紊动射流[M].高等教育出版社,1993:170～185.
[18]王瑞和、沈忠厚、周卫东.高压水射流破岩钻孔的实验研究.油钻采工艺,1995(1)25~28.
[19]佟庆理.两相流动理论基础[M].冶金工业出版社,1982.
[20]周新民.水沙两相流湍流模式及其应用[D].四川大学博士论文,2001.
[21]向东.新世纪扫雷科技面面观[J].大众科学,2000(1).
[22]马式曾.禁雷呼声高,造雷、扫雷出新招[J].轻兵器,1998(12):31~32.
[23]莫霜.关于地雷、探雷以及中子探雷[J].现代物理知识,16卷4期(总94期).
[24]崔乃明,地下或水下爆炸物的探测与清除技术[J].现代军事,1995(2):38~40.
[25]白云、伊明国、罗志中.未来地雷的发展特点及趋势[J].轻兵器,2002(4):6~7.
[26]高广东、魏立英.形形色色的扫雷装备[J].军事大观,2006(6).
[27]澎宗法.地雷(一) [J].轻兵器,1998(12):31-32.
[28]澎宗法.地雷(二) [J].轻兵器,1999(2):31-32.
[29]澎宗法.地雷(三) [J].轻兵器,1999(3):35-36.
[30]澎宗法.地雷(四) [J].轻兵器,1999(4):31-32.
[31]澎宗法.地雷(五) [J].轻兵器,1999(5):31-32.
[32]崔谟慎、孙家骏.高压水射流技术[M].煤炭工业出版社,1993:1～6.
[33]王瑞和,倪红坚.高压水射流破岩钻孔过程的理论研究[J].石油大学石油工程学院,2003(4)44~47.
[34]张东速、刘本立、贾北华.前混合磨料射流切割试验装置的研究.江苏煤炭,1999(2):51～53.
[35]张作龙、梁忠民.高压淹没水射流破岩实验研究.石油矿场机械,2000,29(5):27～29
[36]高岗荣.高压喷注浆射流破土特性的试验研究:硕士学位论文.北京:煤炭科学研究总院,1991.
[37]李范山、杜嘉鸿、施小博等.射流破土机理研究及其工程应用.流体机械,1997,25(2):26～29.
[38]杜嘉鸿、李范山、王杰等.旋喷注浆破土机理研究及岩土工程应用.地质与勘探,1997,33(2):4852.
[39] AmatidisDK.Laboratoryinvestigationofsoilcuttingwithawaterjet.In:SummerDA,HastonFFed.Proceedingsofthe2thAmericanWaterjetConference,Rolla,Missouri,1983: 153～156.
[40]符飞跃.提高高压喷射注浆固结体强度的研究:硕士学位论文.长沙:中南工业大学,1998.
[41]陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾编.土力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1994 .
[42]陆希哲编著.土力学地基基础,北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[43]蒋彭平编著.土的本构关系北京:科学出版社,1982.
[44]殷宗泽主编.土力学与地基.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[45]陆培毅主编.土力学.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[46]马飞,宋志辉.水射流动力特性及破土机理[J].北京科技大学学报.2006.28(5).
[47]马飞.关于水射流土锚扩孔的理论和设备的研究.博士论文.北京科技大学,2004.
[48]王瑞和,周卫东,沈忠厚,杨永印.旋转射流破岩钻孔机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报.1999.9.
[49]杨永印、沈忠厚、王瑞和、周卫东.旋转磨料射流破岩钻孔试验研究[J].石油钻探技术.1999(8): 4～7.
[50] Ribeiro M M,Whitelaw J H.Coaxial Jets with and without Swirl.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1980,96:769～795.
[51]鲁军波陈杰.基于高压水射流分布特性的清洗参数选择[J].中国安全科学学报,2004(12):67-70北京:电子工业出版社