自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴雾化特性理论分析与实验研究
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摘要
液体射流雾化是自然界普遍存在的现象,在各工程领域中也有着极为广泛的应用。喷嘴是实现射流雾化的主要元件,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,各种型式的喷嘴相继问世,但许多结构复杂,生产加工难度大,或者需要附加外部辅助装置,其发展和应用空间无疑会受到很大的限制。
为了改善液体射流的雾化质量,一种重要的方法是提高液体喷射的系统压力,但这种措施在改善液体雾化质量的同时也会附带产生一些新的问题,如系统可靠性的降低及成本的提高等。针对这种情况,本文提出利用自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴来改善射流雾化质量的设想,该喷嘴结构简单。同时建立了射流雾化实验系统,探讨了系统压力对射流外部雾化特征参数的影响规律,并与传统的连续射流喷嘴。涡流喷嘴的雾化效果进行了对比。
本文探讨了液体射流的雾化机理和自激振荡脉冲射流的基本理论。分析了影响射流雾化的各种因素和作用原理,以及如何获得更好的压力振荡使液体射流达到更好的雾化效果。通过实验研究射流外部雾化特征参数(雾化距离。雾化锥角。雾化细度)随系统压力的变化规律,在相同的系统压力下,涡流喷嘴的雾化锥角最大,但是自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的雾化距离最长,雾化细度最小。实验结果表明,在同等条件下,自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴具有最佳的雾化效果。
Liquid jet is a widespread phenomenon in nature and also has a very wide range of applications in various engineering fields. Nozzle is the key component to realize atomization, with the rapid development of science and technology, various types of nozzles have been created,but many have complex structure or require additional external auxiliary devices,which lead to difficult processing,so the development and application will no doubt be significantly restricted.
Nozzle is the key component to realize atomization,In order to improve the quality of the liquid jet atomization, An important way is to increase the system pressure of the fluid jet, However ,This measure will also generate some new problems while improving the atomization quality of the liquid jet, Such as the declining of system reliability and the rising of cost. Under these circumstances, the use of self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet nozzle to improve the quality of the jet atomization is proposed in this dissertation,the nozzle structrue is simple. The experimental system of jet atomization is established,The variation of the external jet characteristic parameters with system pressure is also explored,The atomization effect is compared with that of the continuous-jet nozzle and swirl-atomizer.
The mechanism of liquid jet atomization and basic theory of self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet were presented. the factors affecting the jet atomization and the action principle were also analysed, And how to get better pressure oscillations in order to achieve the best atomization effect of the liquid jet.The experimental study of the variation of external jet characteristic parameters(spray distance,apray angle,atomized particle size) with system pressure is proposed,under the same system pressure,the apray angle of swirl-atomizer is the largest,but the spray distance of self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet is the longest,while the atomized particle size is the smallest. Experimental results show that under the same conditions, self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet nozzle has the best atomization effect.
为了改善液体射流的雾化质量,一种重要的方法是提高液体喷射的系统压力,但这种措施在改善液体雾化质量的同时也会附带产生一些新的问题,如系统可靠性的降低及成本的提高等。针对这种情况,本文提出利用自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴来改善射流雾化质量的设想,该喷嘴结构简单。同时建立了射流雾化实验系统,探讨了系统压力对射流外部雾化特征参数的影响规律,并与传统的连续射流喷嘴。涡流喷嘴的雾化效果进行了对比。
本文探讨了液体射流的雾化机理和自激振荡脉冲射流的基本理论。分析了影响射流雾化的各种因素和作用原理,以及如何获得更好的压力振荡使液体射流达到更好的雾化效果。通过实验研究射流外部雾化特征参数(雾化距离。雾化锥角。雾化细度)随系统压力的变化规律,在相同的系统压力下,涡流喷嘴的雾化锥角最大,但是自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的雾化距离最长,雾化细度最小。实验结果表明,在同等条件下,自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴具有最佳的雾化效果。
Liquid jet is a widespread phenomenon in nature and also has a very wide range of applications in various engineering fields. Nozzle is the key component to realize atomization, with the rapid development of science and technology, various types of nozzles have been created,but many have complex structure or require additional external auxiliary devices,which lead to difficult processing,so the development and application will no doubt be significantly restricted.
Nozzle is the key component to realize atomization,In order to improve the quality of the liquid jet atomization, An important way is to increase the system pressure of the fluid jet, However ,This measure will also generate some new problems while improving the atomization quality of the liquid jet, Such as the declining of system reliability and the rising of cost. Under these circumstances, the use of self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet nozzle to improve the quality of the jet atomization is proposed in this dissertation,the nozzle structrue is simple. The experimental system of jet atomization is established,The variation of the external jet characteristic parameters with system pressure is also explored,The atomization effect is compared with that of the continuous-jet nozzle and swirl-atomizer.
The mechanism of liquid jet atomization and basic theory of self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet were presented. the factors affecting the jet atomization and the action principle were also analysed, And how to get better pressure oscillations in order to achieve the best atomization effect of the liquid jet.The experimental study of the variation of external jet characteristic parameters(spray distance,apray angle,atomized particle size) with system pressure is proposed,under the same system pressure,the apray angle of swirl-atomizer is the largest,but the spray distance of self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet is the longest,while the atomized particle size is the smallest. Experimental results show that under the same conditions, self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet nozzle has the best atomization effect.
引文
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[2]刘乃玲,张旭,杨建坤.压力式细雾喷嘴流量特性实验研究.暖通空调,2005,35(9):119-121.
[3]范明豪,周华,杨华勇.高压细水雾灭火喷嘴的雾化特性研究.机械工程学报,2002,38(9):17-21.
[4]田春霞,仇性启,崔运静.喷嘴雾化技术进展.工业加热.2005,34(4)18-20
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[6]廖振方,唐川林.自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的试验研究.重庆大学学报,2002,25(2):28-32.
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[19] O’Rourke P J, Amsden A A. The TAB method for numerical calculation of spray droplet breakup. SAE Paper 872089,1987.
[20] Reitz R D, Diwakar J. Structure of high-pressure sprays. SAE Paper 870598,1987.
[21] Reitz R D, Diwakar J. Effect of drop breakup on fuel sprays. SAE Paper 860469,1986.
[22] Reitz R D. Mechanisms of atomization process in high-pressure vaporizing sprays. Atomization and Spray Technology,1987,13(2):309~337.
[23] Liu A B, Reitz R D. Modeling the effects of drop drag and breakup on fuel sprays. SAE Paper 1993,21(8):70-78
[24] Su T F, Patterson M A, Reitz R D, et al. Experimental and numerical studies of high pressure multiple injection sprays. SAE Paper 1996,32(9):67-73
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[26] Huh K Y, Lee E, Koo J Y. Diesel spray atomization model considering nozzle exit turbulence conditions. Atomization and Sprays,1998,30(9):453-469
[27] Schmidt D P, Npuar T I, Seneral P K, et al. Pressure-swirl atomization in the near field. SAE Paper ,2001,34(5):56-59
[29] BraeeoFV.Moldeling of Engine Sprays.SAE Paper 850391
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[38]岳晓峰,王瑾,梁亮,韩立强.油束雾化形成机理分析.2007.20(5):118-120
[39]蒋世全,廖荣庆.自激振荡射流的实验研究及振荡腔内流动数学模型的探讨.天然气工业,1994,14(6):41-44.
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[41]易灿,李根生.喷嘴结构对高压射流特性影响研究.石油钻采工艺,2005,27(1):67-69
[42]马雯,宋淑芳.脉冲喷嘴上喷嘴流道形状对射流特性的影响.天然气工业,1993,13(6):40-46
[43]熊继有,薛亮等.新型射流提高机械钻速机理及研究进展.天然气工业,2005,25(9):34-38
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[45]邓晓刚.空气室对管道系统中流体压力脉动的影响.重庆:重庆大学硕士论文,2002
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[2]刘乃玲,张旭,杨建坤.压力式细雾喷嘴流量特性实验研究.暖通空调,2005,35(9):119-121.
[3]范明豪,周华,杨华勇.高压细水雾灭火喷嘴的雾化特性研究.机械工程学报,2002,38(9):17-21.
[4]田春霞,仇性启,崔运静.喷嘴雾化技术进展.工业加热.2005,34(4)18-20
[5]杜青,刘宁,杨延相等.受激液体燃料射流表面波规律初探.内燃机学报,2001,19(6):511-516.
[6]廖振方,唐川林.自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的试验研究.重庆大学学报,2002,25(2):28-32.
[7]唐川林,廖振方.自激振荡脉冲射流的理论分析与实验研究.煤炭学报,1989,1.
[8]史春涛,孙立星,刘建军,郝鑫瑞.内燃机喷雾模型的研究现状.农业机械学报,2007,38(2):17-20
[9] Gosman A D, Ioannides S I. Aspects of computer simulation of liquid-fueled combustors. AIAA J. Energy,1983,7(6):482~290.
[10] Watkins A P, Khaleghi H. Three-dimensional diesel engine spray modeling. I Mech. E. Symp. on Computers in Engine Technology, Cambridge, England,1987.
[11] Pilch M, Erdman C A. Use of breakup time data and velocity history data to predict the maximum size of stable fragments for acceleration-induced breakup of a liquid drop Int. J. Multiphase Flow,1987,13(6):741~757.
[12] Baritaud T. Modeling atomization and breakup in high-pressure diesel sprays. SAE Paper 970881,1997.
[13] Hsiang L P, Faeth G M. Near-limit drop deformation and secondary breakup. Int. J. Multiphase Flow,1992,18 (5):635~652.
[14] Dukowicz J K. A particle-fluid numerical model for liquid sprays. J. Comp. Physics,1980,35(9):249-253
[15] Tennison P J, Georjon T L, Farrell P V, et al. An experimental and numerical study of sprays from a common rail injection system for use in an HS-DI diesel engines. SAE Paper 980810,1998.
[16] Naber J D, Reitz R D. Modeling engine spray/wall impingement. SAE Paper 880107,1988.
[17] O’Rourke P J, Amsden A A. A spray/wall interaction sub-model for the KIVA-3 wall film model. SAE Paper 2000-01-0271,2000.
[18] Bai C, Gosman A D. Development of methodology for spray impingement simulation. SAE Paper 950283,1995.
[19] O’Rourke P J, Amsden A A. The TAB method for numerical calculation of spray droplet breakup. SAE Paper 872089,1987.
[20] Reitz R D, Diwakar J. Structure of high-pressure sprays. SAE Paper 870598,1987.
[21] Reitz R D, Diwakar J. Effect of drop breakup on fuel sprays. SAE Paper 860469,1986.
[22] Reitz R D. Mechanisms of atomization process in high-pressure vaporizing sprays. Atomization and Spray Technology,1987,13(2):309~337.
[23] Liu A B, Reitz R D. Modeling the effects of drop drag and breakup on fuel sprays. SAE Paper 1993,21(8):70-78
[24] Su T F, Patterson M A, Reitz R D, et al. Experimental and numerical studies of high pressure multiple injection sprays. SAE Paper 1996,32(9):67-73
[25] Huh K Y, Gosman A D. A phenomenological model of diesel spray atomization[C]Proceedings of International Conference on Multiphase Flows, Tsukuba, Japan,1991,21(5):24-27
[26] Huh K Y, Lee E, Koo J Y. Diesel spray atomization model considering nozzle exit turbulence conditions. Atomization and Sprays,1998,30(9):453-469
[27] Schmidt D P, Npuar T I, Seneral P K, et al. Pressure-swirl atomization in the near field. SAE Paper ,2001,34(5):56-59
[29] BraeeoFV.Moldeling of Engine Sprays.SAE Paper 850391
[30]解茂昭.燃油喷雾场结构和雾化机理.力学与实践.1990,23(6):67-72
[31] Renz R D and F V.Phys.Fluids.1982,25(6):450-458
[32]广安博之.柴油机燃烧及其模型.国外内燃机.1986. (3)
[33]汪海清,刘永长,贺萍,宋军.燃油喷射雾化机理的探讨.燃烧科学与技术1995.6(9):234-238
[34]曹建明,马志义.喷雾中液滴破裂机理的研究.车用发动机.1997.14(9):11-14
[35]王大承.激光测试技术及其在发动机测试研究中的进展及应用前景.农业工程学报.2002.18(6):195-199
[36] YI Shi-jun,XIE Mao-zhao,CHEN Bai-xin.The Breakupand Atomization of a Viscous Liquid Jet[J].ACTAMechanica Sinica: English Series,1996,12 (2):122-134.
[37]段树林.应用激光显微摄影对柴油机喷雾粒度分布的测量研究.大连铁道学院学报.1997.18 (3):61-64
[38]岳晓峰,王瑾,梁亮,韩立强.油束雾化形成机理分析.2007.20(5):118-120
[39]蒋世全,廖荣庆.自激振荡射流的实验研究及振荡腔内流动数学模型的探讨.天然气工业,1994,14(6):41-44.
[40]汪志明,沈忠厚.自激振荡气蚀射流喷管内水声学理论及其应用.水动力学研究与进展,1994,9(3):318-324.
[41]易灿,李根生.喷嘴结构对高压射流特性影响研究.石油钻采工艺,2005,27(1):67-69
[42]马雯,宋淑芳.脉冲喷嘴上喷嘴流道形状对射流特性的影响.天然气工业,1993,13(6):40-46
[43]熊继有,薛亮等.新型射流提高机械钻速机理及研究进展.天然气工业,2005,25(9):34-38
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