四种主要职业有害因素对大庆石油工人健康影响的分析
摘要
职业病危害是一个重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。职业病危害对劳动者健康造成的损害,对企业、全国乃至全球的经济有直接的影响。石油企业从事职业病危害作业的员工是企业重要的人力资源,石油企业必须站在“以人为本”的科学发展观高度,深刻认识加强职业病防治工作的重要性和紧迫感。本文对石油勘探、钻井、采油和测井作业4个工种,以大庆石油企业工人长期接触噪声、粉尘、毒物和放射线的男性工人作为调查对象,得出噪声是最主要且危害较严重的职业病危害因素,存在于油田生产的各主要环节,涉及的场所多,暴露人数多。粉尘、毒物及放射线危害均不容忽视。本文结合石油企业职业卫生特点及存在的问题,提出如何预防和治理职业有害因素对工人健康影响的方法和策略,以期达到提高预防和控制职业病的能力,减少职业病的发生,有利于建设和谐企业及产生社会和经济效益的目的。
AIM:
We investigated and analysed the effect of four kinds of harmful factors in main occupation that on Daqing petroleum worker health. Our objective is to understand the occupation sickness damage of Daqing Oil-Field petroleum workers. We discuss the present situation and countermeasures and prevent and control petroleum worker's main occupational disease harms and reduce occupational disease's occurrence. These are to provide the scientific basis for the occupational health inspection and prevention work.
METHODS:
Adopt the method of cross-sectional investigation. Investigation object: the physical exploration workers , the well drillers who are exposed in the dust , the extraction workers who are exposed in the gasoline and benzene, the oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source. The observation group include four groups of male. These are 200 people in each group. The average job seniority is in (13±5) years. The age is in range of 20~46 years old, and the average age for (30±5) years old. Control group include four groups of healthy male who do not contact the above harmful factors. These workers are inspected the occupational health inspection project according to "the People's Republic of China Occupational disease Prevention law".
RESULTS:
1. The physical exploration workers who are exposed in the noise have the significance difference in blood pressure, electrocardiogram, nervous system, digesting system and hearing inspection compared with the control group .Each examination project has the significance difference. The loss of hearing is primarily in the high frequency band, and is closely related with noise intensity. They often contact noise and cause a series of unusual cardiovascular system symptom that include the high blood pressure and the unusual electrocardiogram and so on.
2.The well drillers who are exposed in the dust have the significance difference in clinical examination, sternum X inspection, lung functional inspection compared with the control group.
3.The extraction workers who are exposed in the gasoline and benzene have the significance difference in clinical examination , nerve behavior inspection , gastro-intestinal tract inspection compared with the control group.
4.The oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source have the significance difference in clinical examination, skin damage, eye lens change compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION:
1. The main occupational adverse factor include noise, electric welding dust, benzene, radioactive rays in the Daqing Oil Field production process. The noise and the electric welding dust are very common; The noise is the most serious occupational health harm factor mainly. It exists in each oil- field production link, The dust and chemical harm is not allow to neglect. The management is quite good in mission operational site, but it must take seriously the operating workers' harm .
2. The investigation discover the intense noise may cause the change of hearing system and the loss of hearing and the noise deaf. It simultaneously may also effect the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the internal secretion, the immune system, the digesting system and so on .
3.The electric welding mist and dust causes the lung function reduction. The rate of abnormality of anomalous small shadow in electric welding group is higher than the control group obviously through X sternum..
4.The petroleum worker's and nerve behavior are remarkable with control group who often contact benzene.
5.The oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source have the significant difference in blood picture examination and eye lens change compared with the control group .
6.Since "Occupational health Prevention law" has being come into effect, Daqing Oil Field's occupational health work displays some characteristic such as the leader’recognition, the perfect organization, improving train. The work of occupational disease prevention take prevention as the dominant factor, the check of safety and worker’s health as the main body; the management, examination, the cure of occupational disease, the education of health, the reform of technology, the protection of health, investigation and researching as the main methods; establish the view of“people-oriented”and unify the safety of production and workers’health in a same part. HSE administering system has been carried out. Occupational disease harm has been reduced and the occupational disease's prevention level has been raised obviously.
AIM:
We investigated and analysed the effect of four kinds of harmful factors in main occupation that on Daqing petroleum worker health. Our objective is to understand the occupation sickness damage of Daqing Oil-Field petroleum workers. We discuss the present situation and countermeasures and prevent and control petroleum worker's main occupational disease harms and reduce occupational disease's occurrence. These are to provide the scientific basis for the occupational health inspection and prevention work.
METHODS:
Adopt the method of cross-sectional investigation. Investigation object: the physical exploration workers , the well drillers who are exposed in the dust , the extraction workers who are exposed in the gasoline and benzene, the oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source. The observation group include four groups of male. These are 200 people in each group. The average job seniority is in (13±5) years. The age is in range of 20~46 years old, and the average age for (30±5) years old. Control group include four groups of healthy male who do not contact the above harmful factors. These workers are inspected the occupational health inspection project according to "the People's Republic of China Occupational disease Prevention law".
RESULTS:
1. The physical exploration workers who are exposed in the noise have the significance difference in blood pressure, electrocardiogram, nervous system, digesting system and hearing inspection compared with the control group .Each examination project has the significance difference. The loss of hearing is primarily in the high frequency band, and is closely related with noise intensity. They often contact noise and cause a series of unusual cardiovascular system symptom that include the high blood pressure and the unusual electrocardiogram and so on.
2.The well drillers who are exposed in the dust have the significance difference in clinical examination, sternum X inspection, lung functional inspection compared with the control group.
3.The extraction workers who are exposed in the gasoline and benzene have the significance difference in clinical examination , nerve behavior inspection , gastro-intestinal tract inspection compared with the control group.
4.The oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source have the significance difference in clinical examination, skin damage, eye lens change compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION:
1. The main occupational adverse factor include noise, electric welding dust, benzene, radioactive rays in the Daqing Oil Field production process. The noise and the electric welding dust are very common; The noise is the most serious occupational health harm factor mainly. It exists in each oil- field production link, The dust and chemical harm is not allow to neglect. The management is quite good in mission operational site, but it must take seriously the operating workers' harm .
2. The investigation discover the intense noise may cause the change of hearing system and the loss of hearing and the noise deaf. It simultaneously may also effect the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the internal secretion, the immune system, the digesting system and so on .
3.The electric welding mist and dust causes the lung function reduction. The rate of abnormality of anomalous small shadow in electric welding group is higher than the control group obviously through X sternum..
4.The petroleum worker's and nerve behavior are remarkable with control group who often contact benzene.
5.The oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source have the significant difference in blood picture examination and eye lens change compared with the control group .
6.Since "Occupational health Prevention law" has being come into effect, Daqing Oil Field's occupational health work displays some characteristic such as the leader’recognition, the perfect organization, improving train. The work of occupational disease prevention take prevention as the dominant factor, the check of safety and worker’s health as the main body; the management, examination, the cure of occupational disease, the education of health, the reform of technology, the protection of health, investigation and researching as the main methods; establish the view of“people-oriented”and unify the safety of production and workers’health in a same part. HSE administering system has been carried out. Occupational disease harm has been reduced and the occupational disease's prevention level has been raised obviously.
引文
[1]《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》
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[2]彭开良.物理因素危害与控制.化学工业出版社,2006:第1版,75-146.
[3]苏冠生,宋雨默,游玉红,等.噪声作业职工脑电图与心理状态分布.职业与健康,2000,16(11):21-23.
[4]何淑嫦,牛侨,王生.电焊作业工人心血管系统自主神经功能的改变[J] .环境与职业医学, 2002,19 (6):372-373.
[5]刘殿卿,乔桂冬,王晓梅.130名油田密封型放射源测井人员健康状况调查[J].中国放射杂志,1997,16(2):11-12.
[6]杨荫森,冯克玉,郭秀兰主编.石油工业劳动卫生与职业性危害.第1版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1989.
[7]任树奎,刘铁民.作业场所职业危害预防与管理[M].中国劳动社会保障出版社,2005年第一版:118-122
[8]顾学箕,王兰,主编·劳动卫生学·第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 1984.
[9]袁吉文,曹叔翘,冯琪.油田作业对作业工人听力及其心电图的影响.中国工业医学杂志,2001,14(2):116-117.
[10]任晓燕,张玉玲,刘淑芳.等.钻井井场噪声所致豚鼠内耳毛细胞损伤的观察.白求恩医科大学学报,1996,22(6):594-596.
[11]轩志东,张衍奇,李继芳,等.油田井下作业噪声对工人听觉系统的影响.河南医科大学学报,2001,36(3):330-332.
[12]王兰主编.现代劳动卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1994:122-124
[13]胡一本,马国云,王志红,彭娟娟,毛翎,李全路.经支气管肺活检在尘肺诊断中初步用[J].劳动医学,2000,17(4):201-203.
[14]陈自强,汪根盛,梁友信.我国神经行为毒理学研究概况与进展[J].卫生毒理学杂志,2000,13(4):234-238.
[15]常力跃,符文琛,朱晓红,等.石油雾接触工人中性粒细胞组织化学的研究[J].铁道医学, 1990,18(4):231.
[16]黄关麟,詹霞,丁念智.烃类接触者淋巴细胞染色体畸变和姐妹染色体互换率的观察[J].劳动医学, 1990,7:(2)6.
[17]梁友信.介绍WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合[J] .工业卫生与职业病, 1987, 13 (6): 331.
[18]夏寿萱主编.放射生物学[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,1998.8,473
[19]商希梅,乔建维,侯殿俊等. 150例60COγ射线工作者辐射效应分析研究[J].中国辐射卫生,2003,12(3):182-184.
[20]高星,罗会英.职业健康与建立现代企业制度[J].中国工业医学杂志,2002,15(4):247.
[21]虞永杭,项橘香,余坚忠.某机械制造厂噪声作业工人听力损失的调查分析.职业卫生与应急救援,2006,24(2):89-90.
[22]王龙义,郭平,毕先伟.强噪声作业人员健康状况的调查.中国工业医学杂志,2001,14(1):32-34.
[23]刘秀梅.职业噪声对人体听觉外系统损伤的影响.职业与健康,2003,19(12):13-14.
[24]李钰.噪声对人体健康影响的调查.职业卫生与病伤,2002,17(2):111-112.
[25]叶青,任晓燕,刘贵,等.钻井井场噪声对钻工健康影响的调查.职业与健康,1997,13(3):l0.
[26]李爱钦,陈茂勋,罗毅.噪声与振动联合作用对人听力的影响.河南科技大学学报,2004,22(3):173-176.
[27]杜成,杜芳丽.噪声对听力早期损害的调查.广西预防医学,2003,9(1):57.
[28]蔡永明.五金工业噪声作业工人的扩展高频测听结果分析.医学临床研究,2005,22(8):1092-1094.
[29]井春岩.稳态噪声剂量与听力损失关系的研究[J].工业卫生与职业病,1996,12(1):20.
[30]姚安子.对工作日内间断接触宽频带强噪声工人的卫生学调研[J].卫生研究,1998,12:377.
[31]黄财林. 2583例噪声作业工人听力损失分析[J].福州职防,1994,(1):28.)
[32]梁贵生.噪声与健康.护理研究,2004,18(9):1510-1511.
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