集总参数LC滤波器设计与应用研究
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摘要
用国内外现有的高速高精度数模转换器芯片或射频信号发生器产生的模拟信号的动态范围往往不能满足特殊应用系统的要求。为了提高输出模拟信号的动态范围和信噪比,可以利用滤波器对其杂谐波进行抑制。
本文首先总结了设计集总参数LC滤波器的不同方法,并按照这些方法,利用ADS软件进行仿真和优化,在短波射频频段设计和制作了多路带通滤波器,以抑制信号源输出信号的带外杂谐波。本文同时设计了多路低通滤波器和带通滤波器的级联电路,以进一步提高带通滤波器的阻带抑制性能。
基于LC带通滤波器的频域特性来进行滤波器调试是一件非常复杂繁琐的工作。本文研究了利用滤波器的时域反射特性、在网络分析仪中调试耦合谐振式带通滤波器的方法,并通过Matlab仿真和网络分析仪的实测结果,验证了这种时域调试方法的正确性。这种调试技术可望大大提高带通滤波器的调试效率。
论文最后介绍了集总参数LC滤波器在高性能数据采集存储系统中的应用问题,特别是通过ADS的谐波平衡仿真技术分析和验证了LC滤波器在实际信号激励下出现的非线性失真现象,以及由此而引起的LC滤波器带外抑制性能的降低问题。这部分工作是迄今为止很少见诸公开报道的,其研究结论有助于选取合适的磁性材料以便设计大动态的线绕电感器。
The SFDR of analog signal which is directly produced by the high-speed and high-accuracy analog-digital converter or the radiofrequency signal generator is always far from what is required for some special applications. To increase the SFDR and the SNR of the output signal, we could use the filters to suppress the spurious spectrum.
Firstly, the thesis summarizes the different methods of designing the lumped parameter LC filter, and uses the software of ADS to simulate and optimize it. The thesis designs several band-pass filters to suppress the harmonics out of the pass band and spurs of the signal generator, and also designs several low-pass filters to connect the band-pass filters to increase the filters' suppressing performance.
It is a complicated work to tune LC band-pass filter in the frequency domain. However, the thesis makes a research about how to use the time domain waveform of the filter's reflection to tune the coupled resonator band pass filter in the S-parameter network analyzer. The method of tuning the filter in the time domain proves to be reliable and is supported by the Matlab simulation and the analysis of the test results. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of tuning the band-pass filters greatly.
Finally, the thesis introduces the application of the lumped parameter LC filters in the high performance data acquisition and storage system. The thesis also analyzes and validates the nonlinear of the LC filter which is encouraged by actual signal with the technology of the harmonic balance simulation of the ADS software. The nonlinear of the filter can give rise to the deterioration of the suppressing performance of the filter, and the conclusion of this research is helpful to choose the appropriate ferrite cores to design large dynamic inductors.
本文首先总结了设计集总参数LC滤波器的不同方法,并按照这些方法,利用ADS软件进行仿真和优化,在短波射频频段设计和制作了多路带通滤波器,以抑制信号源输出信号的带外杂谐波。本文同时设计了多路低通滤波器和带通滤波器的级联电路,以进一步提高带通滤波器的阻带抑制性能。
基于LC带通滤波器的频域特性来进行滤波器调试是一件非常复杂繁琐的工作。本文研究了利用滤波器的时域反射特性、在网络分析仪中调试耦合谐振式带通滤波器的方法,并通过Matlab仿真和网络分析仪的实测结果,验证了这种时域调试方法的正确性。这种调试技术可望大大提高带通滤波器的调试效率。
论文最后介绍了集总参数LC滤波器在高性能数据采集存储系统中的应用问题,特别是通过ADS的谐波平衡仿真技术分析和验证了LC滤波器在实际信号激励下出现的非线性失真现象,以及由此而引起的LC滤波器带外抑制性能的降低问题。这部分工作是迄今为止很少见诸公开报道的,其研究结论有助于选取合适的磁性材料以便设计大动态的线绕电感器。
The SFDR of analog signal which is directly produced by the high-speed and high-accuracy analog-digital converter or the radiofrequency signal generator is always far from what is required for some special applications. To increase the SFDR and the SNR of the output signal, we could use the filters to suppress the spurious spectrum.
Firstly, the thesis summarizes the different methods of designing the lumped parameter LC filter, and uses the software of ADS to simulate and optimize it. The thesis designs several band-pass filters to suppress the harmonics out of the pass band and spurs of the signal generator, and also designs several low-pass filters to connect the band-pass filters to increase the filters' suppressing performance.
It is a complicated work to tune LC band-pass filter in the frequency domain. However, the thesis makes a research about how to use the time domain waveform of the filter's reflection to tune the coupled resonator band pass filter in the S-parameter network analyzer. The method of tuning the filter in the time domain proves to be reliable and is supported by the Matlab simulation and the analysis of the test results. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of tuning the band-pass filters greatly.
Finally, the thesis introduces the application of the lumped parameter LC filters in the high performance data acquisition and storage system. The thesis also analyzes and validates the nonlinear of the LC filter which is encouraged by actual signal with the technology of the harmonic balance simulation of the ADS software. The nonlinear of the filter can give rise to the deterioration of the suppressing performance of the filter, and the conclusion of this research is helpful to choose the appropriate ferrite cores to design large dynamic inductors.
引文
[1] Analog Devices. 16-Bit 400 MSPS D/A Converter AD9726. http://www.analog.com,2005:5-6.
[2] Joel Dunsmore. Simplify Filter Tuning Using Time Domain Transforms. Microwaves&RF, March 1999.
[3] Blinchikoff Herman J, Anatal I. Zverev. Filtering in the Time and Frequency Domain. Kreiger Publishing, 1987.
[4]杨爱琴,李晓萍.滤波器的发展与展望.电子科技, 1995(2):7-11.
[5] A. I. Zverev. Handbook of Filter Synthesis. John Wiley and Sons, 1967.
[6]黄席椿,高顺泉.滤波器综合法设计原理.北京:人民邮电出版社,1978.
[7]梁联倬.微波网络及其应用.电子工业出版社,1985.
[8] G. C. Temes and S. K. Mitra. Modern Filter Theory and Design, 1973.
[9] J. L. Herrero and G. Willoner. Synthesis of Filters, 1966
[10] Louis. Weinberg. Network analysis and Synthesis. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1962
[11] Randall W. Rhea. HF Filter Design and Computer Simulation. Noble Publishing, 1994.
[12]薛培鼎(译). LC滤波器设计与制作.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[13] Inder Bahl. Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits. Artech House, 2002.
[14] Joel Dunsmore. Tuning Band Pass Filters in the Time Domain. Digest of 1999 IEEE MTTS Int.Microwave Sym., pp.1351-1354.
[15] Agilent. Simplified Filter Tuning Using Time Domain. Application Note 1287-8, http://www.agilent.com.cn.
[16] Collin, Robert E. Foundations for Microwave Engineering. McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., 1992.
[17]万永革.数字信号处理的Matlab实现.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[18]程佩青.数字信号处理教程,第二版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001.
[19] Agilent. HP 8753ET/ES Network Analyzers User's Guide. http://www.agilent. com.cn.
[20]俞志刚,廖德祥.一种在时域调谐带通滤波器的新方法.光通信研究, 2002(3):58-60.
[21] Williams Arthur B, Fred J Taylor. Electronic Filter Design hand book, McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., 1988.
[22] Bahl I. J., High Performance Inductors IEEE Trans, Microwave Theory Tech, Vol. 49, April 2001, pp.654-664.
[23] H. Craig Miller. Inductance Formula for a Single-Layer Circular Coil, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.75, No2, pp.256-257.
[24] Peter Vizmuller. RF Design Guide Systems, Circuits, and Equations. Artech House, 1995.
[25] Long John R. The Modeling, Characterization, and Design of Monolithic Inductors for RF IC's. IEEE Solid State Circuits, 1997(32), p.357-368.
[26] M. Bartoli, N. Noferi. Modeling Winding Losses in High-frequency Power Inductors. World Scientific Journal of Circuits Systems, and Computers, Special Issue on Power Electronics, 1995, 5(4):603-607.
[27]卡兰塔罗夫.电感计算手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 1992.
[28] S. Hellerstein. Synthesis of All-pass Delay Equalizers. IRE Trans. on Circuit Theory, pp.215-222.
[29] D H,哈姆谢尔.通信系统工程手册.北京:国防工业出版社, 1975.
[30] Analog Devices. 16-Bit, 80/100 MSPS ADC, AD9446. http://www.analog.com.
[31] Analog Devices. High Speed ADC USB FIFO Evaluation Kit. http://www. analog.com
[32] Korotkov A S, Morozov D V. Nonlinear Distortions Analysis of Filters in Frequency Domain. Proc IEEE International Conference on Circuits and System for Communications, St. Petersbug, Rusia, 2002, p.58-61.
[33]邱嵘,丘水生.模拟滤波器非线性失真分析的一种方法.华南师范大学学报, 2007(4):71-75.
[34]赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件.辽宁:辽宁科技出版社, 1999.
[35] Ferroxcube Philips. Soft Ferrites and Accessories. http://www.ferroxcube.com/, 2005.
[36] O'handley C.现代磁性材料原理和应用.北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.
[37] Melton L G, Rose E A. A Model for the Magnetic Cores of Linear Induction Accelerator Cells[A]. Particle Accelerator Conference[C], 1995,p.1455-1460.
[38]黄子平,王文斗.非线性含磁芯线圈的Pspice模拟.强激光与粒子束, 2004, 16(8):1063-1066.
[39] March, S. L.. Simple Equations Characterize Bond Wires. Microwaves and RF, Vol. 30, November 1991, pp.105-110.
[40]李红.数值分析.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2003.
[41] MacDonald M. Design Broadband Passive Components with Ferrites. Microwaves and RF, Vol. 32, October 1993, pp.81-132.
[2] Joel Dunsmore. Simplify Filter Tuning Using Time Domain Transforms. Microwaves&RF, March 1999.
[3] Blinchikoff Herman J, Anatal I. Zverev. Filtering in the Time and Frequency Domain. Kreiger Publishing, 1987.
[4]杨爱琴,李晓萍.滤波器的发展与展望.电子科技, 1995(2):7-11.
[5] A. I. Zverev. Handbook of Filter Synthesis. John Wiley and Sons, 1967.
[6]黄席椿,高顺泉.滤波器综合法设计原理.北京:人民邮电出版社,1978.
[7]梁联倬.微波网络及其应用.电子工业出版社,1985.
[8] G. C. Temes and S. K. Mitra. Modern Filter Theory and Design, 1973.
[9] J. L. Herrero and G. Willoner. Synthesis of Filters, 1966
[10] Louis. Weinberg. Network analysis and Synthesis. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1962
[11] Randall W. Rhea. HF Filter Design and Computer Simulation. Noble Publishing, 1994.
[12]薛培鼎(译). LC滤波器设计与制作.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[13] Inder Bahl. Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits. Artech House, 2002.
[14] Joel Dunsmore. Tuning Band Pass Filters in the Time Domain. Digest of 1999 IEEE MTTS Int.Microwave Sym., pp.1351-1354.
[15] Agilent. Simplified Filter Tuning Using Time Domain. Application Note 1287-8, http://www.agilent.com.cn.
[16] Collin, Robert E. Foundations for Microwave Engineering. McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., 1992.
[17]万永革.数字信号处理的Matlab实现.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[18]程佩青.数字信号处理教程,第二版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001.
[19] Agilent. HP 8753ET/ES Network Analyzers User's Guide. http://www.agilent. com.cn.
[20]俞志刚,廖德祥.一种在时域调谐带通滤波器的新方法.光通信研究, 2002(3):58-60.
[21] Williams Arthur B, Fred J Taylor. Electronic Filter Design hand book, McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., 1988.
[22] Bahl I. J., High Performance Inductors IEEE Trans, Microwave Theory Tech, Vol. 49, April 2001, pp.654-664.
[23] H. Craig Miller. Inductance Formula for a Single-Layer Circular Coil, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.75, No2, pp.256-257.
[24] Peter Vizmuller. RF Design Guide Systems, Circuits, and Equations. Artech House, 1995.
[25] Long John R. The Modeling, Characterization, and Design of Monolithic Inductors for RF IC's. IEEE Solid State Circuits, 1997(32), p.357-368.
[26] M. Bartoli, N. Noferi. Modeling Winding Losses in High-frequency Power Inductors. World Scientific Journal of Circuits Systems, and Computers, Special Issue on Power Electronics, 1995, 5(4):603-607.
[27]卡兰塔罗夫.电感计算手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 1992.
[28] S. Hellerstein. Synthesis of All-pass Delay Equalizers. IRE Trans. on Circuit Theory, pp.215-222.
[29] D H,哈姆谢尔.通信系统工程手册.北京:国防工业出版社, 1975.
[30] Analog Devices. 16-Bit, 80/100 MSPS ADC, AD9446. http://www.analog.com.
[31] Analog Devices. High Speed ADC USB FIFO Evaluation Kit. http://www. analog.com
[32] Korotkov A S, Morozov D V. Nonlinear Distortions Analysis of Filters in Frequency Domain. Proc IEEE International Conference on Circuits and System for Communications, St. Petersbug, Rusia, 2002, p.58-61.
[33]邱嵘,丘水生.模拟滤波器非线性失真分析的一种方法.华南师范大学学报, 2007(4):71-75.
[34]赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件.辽宁:辽宁科技出版社, 1999.
[35] Ferroxcube Philips. Soft Ferrites and Accessories. http://www.ferroxcube.com/, 2005.
[36] O'handley C.现代磁性材料原理和应用.北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.
[37] Melton L G, Rose E A. A Model for the Magnetic Cores of Linear Induction Accelerator Cells[A]. Particle Accelerator Conference[C], 1995,p.1455-1460.
[38]黄子平,王文斗.非线性含磁芯线圈的Pspice模拟.强激光与粒子束, 2004, 16(8):1063-1066.
[39] March, S. L.. Simple Equations Characterize Bond Wires. Microwaves and RF, Vol. 30, November 1991, pp.105-110.
[40]李红.数值分析.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2003.
[41] MacDonald M. Design Broadband Passive Components with Ferrites. Microwaves and RF, Vol. 32, October 1993, pp.81-132.