汽车轮胎压力监视系统研究及实现
摘要
TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System)即汽车轮胎压力监视系统,主要用于对汽车轮胎内部的压力进行实时自动监测,并在监测到轮胎内部状况异常时进行报警,以使驾驶员能够及时采取有效措施,避免事故的发生。目前采用比较多的方案是利用压力传感器直接测量轮胎内部压力的直接式TPMS。
本文介绍了TPMS的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,同时,重点介绍了部分研究者对关键技术的研究及进展程度;分析了TPMS具体的功能需求和系统需求,并提出了相应的解决思路和整体解决方案;介绍了系统设计中的一些基本的关键技术和基本理论,并对系统中采用的关键元器件和设计的系统原理图做了相应介绍;提出了一种基于背包问题的无线资源调度算法,并将该算法用于解决TPMS中的资源调度问题;根据TPMS具体的功能需求,详细设计了系统的软件结构和功能实现;最后在实验室条件下,对整个TPMS进行系统软硬件分析与测试,结果显示,在误码率和传输距离方面基本达到系统的要求。
Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is used to monitor the pressure of the tire. When the tire is in bad condition, it will give an alarm to the driver, and the driver can take a measure to avoid the blowout. At present, the most common system is PSB TPMS which directly measures the pressure of a tire through sensors.
The paper introduces the research and development on TPMS in domestic and international circumstance; At the same time, the key technology and its development is presented; It analyzes the requirements and function of the system, and puts forward the idea and scheme to these questions; The key theory and technology are introduced which are the foundation for the design of system, and the principle of system is also introduced; The paper gives an algorithm of resources scheduling for wireless communication by using Knapsack theory, and uses the algorithm to resolve the problem of resources schedule for TPMS; It also designs the frame of software and implementation of functions in detail; At last, the software and hardware are analyzed and tested in the lab, and the result reveals that the requirements are achieved in err-code and distance for communication.
本文介绍了TPMS的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,同时,重点介绍了部分研究者对关键技术的研究及进展程度;分析了TPMS具体的功能需求和系统需求,并提出了相应的解决思路和整体解决方案;介绍了系统设计中的一些基本的关键技术和基本理论,并对系统中采用的关键元器件和设计的系统原理图做了相应介绍;提出了一种基于背包问题的无线资源调度算法,并将该算法用于解决TPMS中的资源调度问题;根据TPMS具体的功能需求,详细设计了系统的软件结构和功能实现;最后在实验室条件下,对整个TPMS进行系统软硬件分析与测试,结果显示,在误码率和传输距离方面基本达到系统的要求。
Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is used to monitor the pressure of the tire. When the tire is in bad condition, it will give an alarm to the driver, and the driver can take a measure to avoid the blowout. At present, the most common system is PSB TPMS which directly measures the pressure of a tire through sensors.
The paper introduces the research and development on TPMS in domestic and international circumstance; At the same time, the key technology and its development is presented; It analyzes the requirements and function of the system, and puts forward the idea and scheme to these questions; The key theory and technology are introduced which are the foundation for the design of system, and the principle of system is also introduced; The paper gives an algorithm of resources scheduling for wireless communication by using Knapsack theory, and uses the algorithm to resolve the problem of resources schedule for TPMS; It also designs the frame of software and implementation of functions in detail; At last, the software and hardware are analyzed and tested in the lab, and the result reveals that the requirements are achieved in err-code and distance for communication.
引文
[1]Joshua M.Pearce,Jason T.Hanlon.Energy conservation from systematic tire pressure regulation[J],EnergyPolicy,2007,35(4):2673-2677
[2]Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards;Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems;Controls and Displays Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49CFR Part 571[Docket No.NHTSA 2000-8572]RIN 2127-AI33
[3]G.Scholl,F.Schmidt,U.Wolff.Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Sensor Applications[J],Physical Status Solidi A.2001,185(1):47-58
[4]J.D.Cullen,N.Arvanitis,J.Lucas,A.I.AI-Shamma'a.In-field trials of a tyre pressure monitoring system based on segmented capacitance rings[J],Measurement,2002,32(3):181-192
[5]K.Arshak,D.Morris,A.Arshak,O.Korostynska,K.Kaneswaran.Development of oxide thick film capacitors for real time pressure monitoring system[J],Materials Science and Engineering,2007,27(5-8):1406-1410
[6]J.Dancaster,W.Kim,D.Do,S.Sampson.TWO-CHIP pressure sensor and signal conditioning[A],The 12~(th)Iternational Cnference on Solid State Sensors,Actuators and Microsystems,Boston[C],2003,2(8-12):1699-1702
[7]Xiaojun Wang,Zhiguo Wu,Sheng Liu.Modeling and Simulation of Thermal-mechanical Characteristics of the Packaging of Tire Pressure Monitoring System[A].The 6th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology[C].IEEE.2005:693-695
[8]Hyok J.Song,Hui P.Hsu,Richard Wiese,Timothy Talty.Modeling Signal Strength Range of TPMS in Automobiles[J],Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,IEEE,2004,(3):3167-3170
[9]鲁照全,沈俊峰.汽车轮胎压力监视系统[J],合肥工业大学学报,2007,30(3):312-315
[10]房晓勇.基于无线传输的汽车轮胎压力、温度监测系统的研究[D],长春:吉林大学,2006:6
[11]李满长.采取防控措施避免爆胎事故发生-TPMS的发展趋势[J],汽车与配件,2006,9(5):35
[12]魏柠柠.TPMS汽车胎压监测系统的关键技术研究和工程实现[D],硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2006:29
[13]晁岳磊,余世明.基于射频信道编码的TPMS设计[J],电子元器件应用,2007.9(2):34-36
[14]Simon Haykin,Michael Moher.现代无线通信[M],郑宝玉译,北京:电子工业出版社.2006.5:138-139
[15]樊昌信,张甫翊,徐炳祥等.通信原理[M],北京:国防工业出版社(第五版),2001.5:296-297
[16]杨梅娟,尹德春.CRC算法的研究[J],计算机与数字工程,2006.34(2):31-32
[17]陶亚雄.现代通信原理[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006.8:113-115
[18]魏洪兴.嵌入式系统设计师教程[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006.8:391
[19]Eric J.Braude.软件设计-从程序设计到体系结构[M],李仁发,王岢,任小西译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.3:411
[20]黄智伟.单片无线收发集成电路原理与应用[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.9:236-248
[21]PIG16仿真器配套资料[DB/OL],http://www.pic16.com.cn
[22]GBR-433-2.5B橡皮套天线技术指标资料,深圳市捷波电子科技有限公司
[23]李肯立,李庆华,戴光明等.背包问题的一种自适应算法[J],计算机研究与发展,2004,(7):1292-1297
[24]霍红卫.算法设计与分析[M],西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.2:98
[25]David Pisinger,The quadratic knapsack problem-a survey[J],Discrete Applied Mathematics,2007,(155)623-648
[26]吕国英.算法设计与分析[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2006.3:154
[27]Gilles Brassard,Paul Bratley.Fundamentals of Algorithmics[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2005.7:266
[28]张德富.算法设计与分析(高级教程)[M],北京,国防工业出版社,2007.2:108
[29]张晓琴,黄玉清,基于禁忌搜索的启发式求解背包问题的算法[J],电子科技大学学报,2005,34(3):359-362
[30]Feng-Tse Lin,Solving the Knapsack Problem with Imprecise Weight Coefficients using Genetic Algorithms[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2008,185(1):133-145
[31]熊伟清,魏平,王小权,蚁群算法求解多维0/1背包问题[J],计算机工程与科学,2006,28(10):78-86
[32]Tolga Bektas,Osman Oguz,On separating cover inequalities for the multidimensional knapsack problem[J],Computer&Operations Research,2007,(34)1771-1776
[33]Konstantinos Kaparis,Adam N.Letchford,Local and Global Lifted Cover Inequalities for the 0-1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2008.186(1):91-103
[34]Carlos Gomes da Silva,Jose Figueira,Joao Climaco,Integrating partial optimization with scatter search for solving bi-criteria{0,1}-knapsack problems[J],European Journal of Operational Research 2007,(177):1656-1677
[35]吕欣,冯登国,背包问题的量子算法分析[J],北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(11):1088-1091
[36]洪华秀,占传杰,洪胜华,免疫算法在背包问题中的应用[J],计算机与现代化,2006,(9):9-11
[37]Majid Darehmiraki,Hasan Mishmast Nehi,A surface-based DNA algorithm for the solving binary knapsack problem[J],Applied Mathematics and Computation,2007,188(2):1991-1994
[38]刘晓玲,李肯立,郑光勇,基于采样和MIMD结构的背包问题并行算法[J],计算机工程与科学,2006,28(9):100-102
[39]高尚,杨静宇,背包问题的混合粒子群优化算法[J],中国工程科学,2006,8(11):94-98
[40]汪旭,谭安芬,背包问题在数据加密中的应用及实现[J],微型机与应用,2000,(12):17-25
[41]章志明,邓建刚,余敏,一种基于背包理论的有效多轮电子拍卖协议[J],计算机工程与科学,2006,(4):207-209
[42]任瑞征,严蔚敏,整数背包问题的应用及其算法研究[J],小型微型计算机系统,2001,22(2):204-206
[43]吴海良,裴先登,LM Liu,基于背包理论的无线通信数据包优化调度算法[J],华中科技大学学报(自然科学板),2006,11:35-37
[44]管耀武,杨宗德.ARM嵌入式无线通信系统开发实例精讲[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006:202
[45]杨博.公平队列算法在无线网络中的应用[D],西安:西安电子科技大学,2005.1:3
[46]HT1622技术资料文档[DB/OL],http://cn.21ic.com/
[2]Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards;Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems;Controls and Displays Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49CFR Part 571[Docket No.NHTSA 2000-8572]RIN 2127-AI33
[3]G.Scholl,F.Schmidt,U.Wolff.Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Sensor Applications[J],Physical Status Solidi A.2001,185(1):47-58
[4]J.D.Cullen,N.Arvanitis,J.Lucas,A.I.AI-Shamma'a.In-field trials of a tyre pressure monitoring system based on segmented capacitance rings[J],Measurement,2002,32(3):181-192
[5]K.Arshak,D.Morris,A.Arshak,O.Korostynska,K.Kaneswaran.Development of oxide thick film capacitors for real time pressure monitoring system[J],Materials Science and Engineering,2007,27(5-8):1406-1410
[6]J.Dancaster,W.Kim,D.Do,S.Sampson.TWO-CHIP pressure sensor and signal conditioning[A],The 12~(th)Iternational Cnference on Solid State Sensors,Actuators and Microsystems,Boston[C],2003,2(8-12):1699-1702
[7]Xiaojun Wang,Zhiguo Wu,Sheng Liu.Modeling and Simulation of Thermal-mechanical Characteristics of the Packaging of Tire Pressure Monitoring System[A].The 6th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology[C].IEEE.2005:693-695
[8]Hyok J.Song,Hui P.Hsu,Richard Wiese,Timothy Talty.Modeling Signal Strength Range of TPMS in Automobiles[J],Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,IEEE,2004,(3):3167-3170
[9]鲁照全,沈俊峰.汽车轮胎压力监视系统[J],合肥工业大学学报,2007,30(3):312-315
[10]房晓勇.基于无线传输的汽车轮胎压力、温度监测系统的研究[D],长春:吉林大学,2006:6
[11]李满长.采取防控措施避免爆胎事故发生-TPMS的发展趋势[J],汽车与配件,2006,9(5):35
[12]魏柠柠.TPMS汽车胎压监测系统的关键技术研究和工程实现[D],硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2006:29
[13]晁岳磊,余世明.基于射频信道编码的TPMS设计[J],电子元器件应用,2007.9(2):34-36
[14]Simon Haykin,Michael Moher.现代无线通信[M],郑宝玉译,北京:电子工业出版社.2006.5:138-139
[15]樊昌信,张甫翊,徐炳祥等.通信原理[M],北京:国防工业出版社(第五版),2001.5:296-297
[16]杨梅娟,尹德春.CRC算法的研究[J],计算机与数字工程,2006.34(2):31-32
[17]陶亚雄.现代通信原理[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006.8:113-115
[18]魏洪兴.嵌入式系统设计师教程[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006.8:391
[19]Eric J.Braude.软件设计-从程序设计到体系结构[M],李仁发,王岢,任小西译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.3:411
[20]黄智伟.单片无线收发集成电路原理与应用[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.9:236-248
[21]PIG16仿真器配套资料[DB/OL],http://www.pic16.com.cn
[22]GBR-433-2.5B橡皮套天线技术指标资料,深圳市捷波电子科技有限公司
[23]李肯立,李庆华,戴光明等.背包问题的一种自适应算法[J],计算机研究与发展,2004,(7):1292-1297
[24]霍红卫.算法设计与分析[M],西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.2:98
[25]David Pisinger,The quadratic knapsack problem-a survey[J],Discrete Applied Mathematics,2007,(155)623-648
[26]吕国英.算法设计与分析[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2006.3:154
[27]Gilles Brassard,Paul Bratley.Fundamentals of Algorithmics[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2005.7:266
[28]张德富.算法设计与分析(高级教程)[M],北京,国防工业出版社,2007.2:108
[29]张晓琴,黄玉清,基于禁忌搜索的启发式求解背包问题的算法[J],电子科技大学学报,2005,34(3):359-362
[30]Feng-Tse Lin,Solving the Knapsack Problem with Imprecise Weight Coefficients using Genetic Algorithms[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2008,185(1):133-145
[31]熊伟清,魏平,王小权,蚁群算法求解多维0/1背包问题[J],计算机工程与科学,2006,28(10):78-86
[32]Tolga Bektas,Osman Oguz,On separating cover inequalities for the multidimensional knapsack problem[J],Computer&Operations Research,2007,(34)1771-1776
[33]Konstantinos Kaparis,Adam N.Letchford,Local and Global Lifted Cover Inequalities for the 0-1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2008.186(1):91-103
[34]Carlos Gomes da Silva,Jose Figueira,Joao Climaco,Integrating partial optimization with scatter search for solving bi-criteria{0,1}-knapsack problems[J],European Journal of Operational Research 2007,(177):1656-1677
[35]吕欣,冯登国,背包问题的量子算法分析[J],北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(11):1088-1091
[36]洪华秀,占传杰,洪胜华,免疫算法在背包问题中的应用[J],计算机与现代化,2006,(9):9-11
[37]Majid Darehmiraki,Hasan Mishmast Nehi,A surface-based DNA algorithm for the solving binary knapsack problem[J],Applied Mathematics and Computation,2007,188(2):1991-1994
[38]刘晓玲,李肯立,郑光勇,基于采样和MIMD结构的背包问题并行算法[J],计算机工程与科学,2006,28(9):100-102
[39]高尚,杨静宇,背包问题的混合粒子群优化算法[J],中国工程科学,2006,8(11):94-98
[40]汪旭,谭安芬,背包问题在数据加密中的应用及实现[J],微型机与应用,2000,(12):17-25
[41]章志明,邓建刚,余敏,一种基于背包理论的有效多轮电子拍卖协议[J],计算机工程与科学,2006,(4):207-209
[42]任瑞征,严蔚敏,整数背包问题的应用及其算法研究[J],小型微型计算机系统,2001,22(2):204-206
[43]吴海良,裴先登,LM Liu,基于背包理论的无线通信数据包优化调度算法[J],华中科技大学学报(自然科学板),2006,11:35-37
[44]管耀武,杨宗德.ARM嵌入式无线通信系统开发实例精讲[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006:202
[45]杨博.公平队列算法在无线网络中的应用[D],西安:西安电子科技大学,2005.1:3
[46]HT1622技术资料文档[DB/OL],http://cn.21ic.com/