引信与武器系统信息交联中的遥控装定技术研究
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摘要
透视海湾战争、科索沃战争和伊拉克战争,将给人们许多新的启示,也将对未来的军事思想、作战理论和武器发展趋势产生重要的影响。地形匹配制导导弹和低空巡航导弹的使用,使得突破外层防御的变得很容易。一旦外层防御被突破,有效的对付这些来袭目标,需要有快速反应的自动化武器系统。通过火控系统及弹药引信的快速信息交联技术实现引信的快速装定。因此,遥控装定就成为近程反导弹药发展的必然趋势。
     利用高频无线电遥控装定技术,实现自动、快速装定火箭弹电子时间引信,从而使火控系统能迅速、自动的将来袭目标的相关最新数据(装定时间量)传递给弹道上的飞行弹丸,实现炸点的精确控制,在来袭导弹前方形成“弹幕墙”来实施拦截,可有效地提高近程反导的能力。
     本文首先对调制与解调方式进行比较,根据本系统设计的特点,选择2FSK载波调制和非相干解调方式。详细地对2FSK系统的抗噪性能进行了分析。文中阐述了引信遥控装定系统的电路设计方法,并给出相关电路设计示例。
     由于需要在极短的时间内将装定信息准确地传输到引信中,而且引信的装定精度要求较高,所以,引信装定时间的数据编码方式是关键技术之一。文中阐述了系统编码设计的详细过程。
     采用高频无线电波在外弹道上装定引信信息,必须解决信息在装定过程中的抗干扰。文中论述了装定区的选择、提出了装定窗口的概念,并对系统精度和误码率进行了分析和初步研究。全面、系统地分析了遥控装定引信可能碰到的干扰问题,并提出与之相适应的解决方法,为下一步系统可靠性设计与实现提供理论指导。
     本文论述了环形天线和微带贴片天线的设计方法,给出了70mm口径火箭弹微带贴片天线详细设计的过程。并通过实验,得出发射天线和接收天线的选择原则。
     最后,围绕引信设计中的抗高过载、小体积、低成本和低功耗四大技术特点,系统地提出了在引信设计过程中实现高过载、小体积、低成本和低功耗的必要性、重要性和具体的技术途径。文中结合遥控装定引信电路设计,给出了实现抗高过载、小体积、低成本和低功耗的具体方法和措施。
From Kuwait war, Kosovo war and Iraq war, people will get many of new apocalypse, these wars will also affect military thoughts, battle theory and weapon's development trend in future. Using landform matching guidance missile and low altitude cruise missile make it easy to breach outer defense. Once outer defense is broken, we must establish weapons automation system that responses fleetly to entreat these attacking targets effectively. Through the technique of fast information link of fire control system and ammunition fuze, the fast setting of fuze will be realized. Thus, remote setting becomes the necessary trend of short range anti-missile's development.
    Using high frequency wireless remote setting technique to set the electronic time fuze of rocket bomb automatically and fast, the fire control system will fast and automatically transmit the attacking target's new data (setting time) to the flying pellets in the trajectory to control the bombing dot exactly, barrage wall will appear in front of the attacking target and hold back the missile, this will improve the ability of short range anti-missile.
    This dissertation firstly compares modulation and demodulation modes, chooses 2FSK signal carrier modulating and non-relevant demodulation, and analyses the performance of anti-noise of 2FSK system, and expounds the circuit designing method of the remote set fuze and gives the demonstration of the relevant circuit design.
    Because of the reason that the setting information must be transmitted to the fuze precision in a very short time and the setting precision must be high, thus, the data coding of the fuze setting time is one of the key techniques. This dissertation expounds the particular process of the system coding design.
    Adopting high frequency radio wave to set fuze information on the outer trajectory, the information's anti-jamming in the setting process must be settled. The dissertation discusses the choosing of the setting area and gives the concept of the setting window, and analyzes and researches the system precision and the rate of error code. The dissertation analyzes the jam problems that remote setting fuze will meet, and puts forwards the corresponding settle means to offer theory guidance for the dependability design and realization of the system.
    This dissertation discusses the design means of Loop antenna and Microstrip patch antenna, and gives the particular design process of the 70mm caliber missile bomb Microstrip patch antenna. And from the experiments, the dissertation elicits the choosing principle of the project antenna and the receiving antenna.
    Finally, surrounding four technique characteristics of high over loading, small volume, low cost and low consumption in the fuze design, and this dissertation puts forward the necessity and importance of the realization of high over loading, small volume, low cost and low consumption in the fuze design, and puts forward concrete technique track. Combining the design of remote setting fuze, the dissertation presents the concrete means and measure to realize high over loading, small bulk, low cost and low consumption.
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