直流电源系统阻抗计算方法及仿真软件研究
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摘要
电源系统阻抗是衡量直流电源系统稳定性的重要技术参数,对电源系统的设计与稳定性分析具有极大的现实意义。通过对阻抗的稳定性理论及其测试方法的研究进行仿真软件设计,很好的将稳定性理论应用于实际的电源系统设计与稳定性分析中,同时避免了在线测试的不便及对正常运行系统的影响。因此,直流电源系统阻抗计算仿真软件的研究与设计具有一定的实际价值与应用前景。
本文主要从直流分布式电源系统稳定性理论、研究方法、系统模型及实验分析等方面进行探索性研究。从基本理论、软件仿真、电路实验角度研究了阻抗匹配关系对直流电源系统稳定性的影响,为了验证阻抗判据的正确性与仿真软件的可靠性采集了多组实验数据,通过比较分析总结了电源输出阻抗与负载输入阻抗随频率的变化规律,在阻抗关系不满足6dB判据情况下用实时波形与数据分析了产生不稳定现象的原因。
在对直流分布式电源系统特点及阻抗理论研究的基础上,建立了母线电压、电流及激励电流信号的数学模型,设计了计算仿真软件,实现了两方面的仿真功能:母线电压仿真测试与多负载情况下的负载阻抗指标分配。在给定电源输出阻抗与负载输入阻抗时可以仿真得到母线电压时域与频域波形,在给定电源负载功率数据时可以对各个负载提出稳定性的阻抗指标。
电源系统阻抗测试是稳定性研究中的难点,本文论述了阻抗测试系统的基本原理,搭建了测试实验电路,对实验结果及误差产生的原因进行了具体的分析,验证了阻抗判据的正确性与仿真软件的实用性。
Power system impedance is an important technical parameter to measure stability of DC power system (DPS), this parameter is of great practical significance to DPS design and stability analysis. Simulation software based on research of impedance stability theory and testing method make stability theory applied to practical power system design and stability analysis, at the same time, using of simulation software avoids the inconvenience of online testing and Impact to normal operation system. So the research and design of simulation software have some practical value and application prospect.
In this paper, we have mainly exploratory research in DPS’stability theory, research methods, the system model and experimental Methods. We research the impact of impedance matching to DPS’stability from basic theory, software simulation and circuit experiment, in order to verify the accuracy of impedance criterion and the reliability of simulation software, we acquire multiple sets of experimental data and summarize frequency characteristics of power supply output impedance and the load input impedance by comparing. This paper analysis reasons of instability when impedance relation does not match the 6dB criterion.
Based on the research to DPS’characteristics and impedance theory, this paper builds mathematical models of bus voltage, bus current and excitation current signal. The simulation software achieves two functions: bus voltage simulation test and index distribution of load impedance. The simulation software can output time domain and frequency domain waveforms of bus voltage when given power output impedance and input impedance, what’s more, it can propose stability impedance indicator when given power data of source and loads.
Power system impedance testing is one of difficulties in stability study, this paper discusses the basic principle of impedance test system, designs experimental circuit and verifies correctness of impedance criterion and practicality of Simulation Software by detailed analysis to experiment results and data errors.
本文主要从直流分布式电源系统稳定性理论、研究方法、系统模型及实验分析等方面进行探索性研究。从基本理论、软件仿真、电路实验角度研究了阻抗匹配关系对直流电源系统稳定性的影响,为了验证阻抗判据的正确性与仿真软件的可靠性采集了多组实验数据,通过比较分析总结了电源输出阻抗与负载输入阻抗随频率的变化规律,在阻抗关系不满足6dB判据情况下用实时波形与数据分析了产生不稳定现象的原因。
在对直流分布式电源系统特点及阻抗理论研究的基础上,建立了母线电压、电流及激励电流信号的数学模型,设计了计算仿真软件,实现了两方面的仿真功能:母线电压仿真测试与多负载情况下的负载阻抗指标分配。在给定电源输出阻抗与负载输入阻抗时可以仿真得到母线电压时域与频域波形,在给定电源负载功率数据时可以对各个负载提出稳定性的阻抗指标。
电源系统阻抗测试是稳定性研究中的难点,本文论述了阻抗测试系统的基本原理,搭建了测试实验电路,对实验结果及误差产生的原因进行了具体的分析,验证了阻抗判据的正确性与仿真软件的实用性。
Power system impedance is an important technical parameter to measure stability of DC power system (DPS), this parameter is of great practical significance to DPS design and stability analysis. Simulation software based on research of impedance stability theory and testing method make stability theory applied to practical power system design and stability analysis, at the same time, using of simulation software avoids the inconvenience of online testing and Impact to normal operation system. So the research and design of simulation software have some practical value and application prospect.
In this paper, we have mainly exploratory research in DPS’stability theory, research methods, the system model and experimental Methods. We research the impact of impedance matching to DPS’stability from basic theory, software simulation and circuit experiment, in order to verify the accuracy of impedance criterion and the reliability of simulation software, we acquire multiple sets of experimental data and summarize frequency characteristics of power supply output impedance and the load input impedance by comparing. This paper analysis reasons of instability when impedance relation does not match the 6dB criterion.
Based on the research to DPS’characteristics and impedance theory, this paper builds mathematical models of bus voltage, bus current and excitation current signal. The simulation software achieves two functions: bus voltage simulation test and index distribution of load impedance. The simulation software can output time domain and frequency domain waveforms of bus voltage when given power output impedance and input impedance, what’s more, it can propose stability impedance indicator when given power data of source and loads.
Power system impedance testing is one of difficulties in stability study, this paper discusses the basic principle of impedance test system, designs experimental circuit and verifies correctness of impedance criterion and practicality of Simulation Software by detailed analysis to experiment results and data errors.
引文
[1]李萍,刘民.直流稳压电源瞬态响应测量.宇航计测技术,Vol.22,No3,2002:22-24
[2] Wojciech A.Tabisz,Milan M. Jovanvic,Fred C.Lee,Present and future of distributed power systems,0-7803-0485-3 IEEE,1992:11-19
[3] Erick E.Aponte , and J.Keith Nelson , Time optimal load shedding for distributed power systems,IEEE transacations on power systems,Vol.21,No.1,Feb.2006:1107-1112
[4]王辉,发电厂及变电站二次设备分布式直流电源系统探讨,电力自动化设备,2004第7期
[5] Dhaval Dalal,分布式电源结构发展趋势,电子与电脑,2004,第10期
[6] SHIGUO LUO,A review of distributed power systems part I:DC distributed power system,IEEE A&E System Magazine,Vol.20.No.8 August 2005
[7] K. W.E. Cheng,Comparative study of AC/DC converters for more electric aircraft,Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,21-23 September 1998
[8] R I Jones,The more electric aircraft:the past and the future? 1999 The Institution of Electrical Engineers,Printed and published by the IEEE,Savoy Place,London WC2R
[9] Richard E.Quigley,Jr,More electric aircraft,0-7803-0982-0/93 IEEE,1993:906-911
[10] Liqiu Han,Jiabin Wang,David Howe. Small-signal Stability Studies of a 270V DC More-Electric Aircraft Power System. IEEE,2006:162-166
[11] Masaaki Komatsu,Satoru Yanabu,Analysis of the Small Signal Stability for the International Space Station/JEM Electric Power Systems, IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08),December 1-3, 2008:106-109
[12] Jinjun Liu, Xiaogang Feng, Fred C. Lee, and Dushan Borojevich, Stability margin monitoring for DC distributed power systems via perturbation approaches, IEEE transaction on power electronics letters, Vol. 1, No. 3, Sep. 2003
[13] Xiaopeng Wang, Ruoping Yao, and Fangquan Rao. Considerations on the impedance character and impedance criterion in two stage DC distributed power system. 0-7803-7906-3IEEE,2003
[14] M.R. Kuhn,Y. Ji,D. Schrder. Stability Studies of Critical DC Power System Component for More Electric Aircraft using–Sensitivity. July IEEE,2007
[15] Ken Kundert, Power supply noise reduction power supplies, Copyright 2005, Kenneth S. Kundert– All Rights Reserved , download from www.designers-guide.org
[16]杨相生.影响直流分布式电源系统稳定性的主要原因.甘肃科学学报,Vol.15, No.2,Jue 2003
[17]杨相生.直流分布式电源系统的小信号稳定性研究.甘肃科学学报,Vol.14.No4,Dec 2002
[18] Middlebrook R.D. Input filter consideration design and application of switching regulators. Proc IEEE Industrial Application Society Annual Meeting,1976:276-382
[19] Xiaopeng Wang, Ruoping Yao, Fangquan Rao. Considerations on the impedance character and impedance criterion in two stage DC distributed power system. 0-7803-7906-3,IEEE,2003
[20] C G Hodge MSc CEng FIMarEST FREng , J O Flower DSc CEng FIMarEST. DC power system stability. IEEE 2009
[21] Xisheng Tang,Zhiping Qi. Stability Study of DC DPS and the Improvement with EDLC. IEEE,April 2009
[22] D. Nilsson, A. Sannino.“Load Modelling for Steady-State and Transient Analysis of Low-Voltage dc Systems”Industry Applications Conference. 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting.Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE ,Volume 2, 3-7 Oct. 2004 Page(s):774 - 780 vol.2
[23] A. Griffo,J. Wang,D. Howe. Large Signal Stability Analysis of DC Power Systems with Constant Power Loads. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC),September 3-5,2008
[24] Harish Krishnamurthy , Raja Ayyanar. Stability Analysis of Cascaded Converters for Bidirectional Power Flow Applications. IEEE,2008
[25] Peng Xiao,Ganesh Kumar,Ganesh Kumar, Jing Huang. RecurrentNeural Networks Based Impedance Measurement Technique for Power Electronic Systems. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,VOL. 25,NO. 2,Feb 2010
[26] Bostian Bitenc,Thomas Seitz.Optimizing DC Power Distribution Network Stability Using Root Locus Analysis. IEICE/IEEE INTELEC.03,Oct 19-23,2003
[27]万成安,于磊,刘建强.航天器直流电源系统稳定性分析方法研究.航天器工程,2009 18(2):17-19
[28]陈金富,卢炎生.分布式电源技术在我国的应用探讨.水电能源科学,Vol.23 No.2 Apr.2005:61-63
[29] Yaohua Luo,Shaobo Kang,Jiang You and Bin Fu. The Input Characterist-ic and Stability Analyse of Power Converter in Distribution Power Systems. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE, International Conference on Information and Automation.,june 2010: 1280-1283
[30]黄晓明.引入奈奎斯特(Nyquist)准则对反馈放大电路稳定性的分析.湖北教育学院学报,Vol.23 No.2,Feb.2006
[31] Xiaogang Feng,Zhihong Ye,Kun Xing,Fred C. Lee,Dusan Borojevic. Individual Load Impedance Specification for a Stable DC Distributed Power System. IEEE 1999: 923-929
[32] Yaohua Luo,Shaobo Kang,Jiang You,Bin Fu. The Input Characteristic and Stability Analyse of Power Converter in Distribution Power Systems. IEEE June 2010 :1280-1283
[33] Xiaogang Feng,Jinjun Liu,Fred C. Lee. Impedance Specifications for Stable DC Distributed Power Systems. IEEE VOL. 17, NO. 2, MARCH 2002
[34] Pit-Leong Wong ,Fred C. Lee ,Xunwei Zhou . Stability Study of PC Power System. IEEE VOL. 37,NO. 1 2001
[35] Seiya Abe,Tamotsu Ninomiya,Masahiko Hirokawa,Toshiyuki Zaitsu. Stability Comparison of Three Control Schemes for Bus Converter in Distributed Power System. IEEE 2005:1244-1248
[36] Pisit LIUTANAKUL,Serge PIERFEDERICI,Farid MEIBODY-TABAR. Stabilization of input Filter/DC-to-DC Converter. 2009 IEEE
[37] Operating Guide for Solar Array Simulator Agilent Models E4350B ,E4350B,Agilent Part No.5962-8206,Microfiche 5962-8207,Printed in USA:December,1997:102-105
[38]蔡恒恩.基于MATLAB/GUI处理喷雾图像的研究.长安大学硕士学位论文,2009:40-45
[39]刘顺.基于遗传一BP神经网络的基桩竖向承载力预测及优化设计系统开发研究.山东建筑大学硕士学位论文,2010:73-75
[40] R. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamental of power electronics, 2edition, Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001
[41] D. Venable, Source-load intctions in mukti-unit power systems, Venable technical paper # 12, Venable industries, www.venable.biz. 2006
[42]杨相生,冯小刚.级联电路的稳定裕量及其工程测量.哈尔滨理工大学学报,Vol.18,No.1, Feb.2003
[43] Xiaogang Feng, Zhihong Ye, Changrong Liu, Richard Zhang, Fred C. Lee, Dushan Boroyevich. Fault detection in DC distributed power systems based on impedance characteristics of modules, 0-7803-6401-5, IEEE 2000:2455-62
[44] X. Feng and F.C. Lee. On-line measurement on stability margin of DC distributed power system. APEC 2000,New Orleans,US,Feb. 2000:1196-1120
[45] Min Liu,Haiwen Yuan,Yi Sun ,Chen Yang. Research on Measurement of Dc Power Supply Impedance. 978-1-4244-3864-8 IEEE,MARCH 2009:703-706
[46]刘民.航天器电源系统阻抗测量技术研究.中国空间技术研究院博士论文,2008:103-116
[2] Wojciech A.Tabisz,Milan M. Jovanvic,Fred C.Lee,Present and future of distributed power systems,0-7803-0485-3 IEEE,1992:11-19
[3] Erick E.Aponte , and J.Keith Nelson , Time optimal load shedding for distributed power systems,IEEE transacations on power systems,Vol.21,No.1,Feb.2006:1107-1112
[4]王辉,发电厂及变电站二次设备分布式直流电源系统探讨,电力自动化设备,2004第7期
[5] Dhaval Dalal,分布式电源结构发展趋势,电子与电脑,2004,第10期
[6] SHIGUO LUO,A review of distributed power systems part I:DC distributed power system,IEEE A&E System Magazine,Vol.20.No.8 August 2005
[7] K. W.E. Cheng,Comparative study of AC/DC converters for more electric aircraft,Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,21-23 September 1998
[8] R I Jones,The more electric aircraft:the past and the future? 1999 The Institution of Electrical Engineers,Printed and published by the IEEE,Savoy Place,London WC2R
[9] Richard E.Quigley,Jr,More electric aircraft,0-7803-0982-0/93 IEEE,1993:906-911
[10] Liqiu Han,Jiabin Wang,David Howe. Small-signal Stability Studies of a 270V DC More-Electric Aircraft Power System. IEEE,2006:162-166
[11] Masaaki Komatsu,Satoru Yanabu,Analysis of the Small Signal Stability for the International Space Station/JEM Electric Power Systems, IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08),December 1-3, 2008:106-109
[12] Jinjun Liu, Xiaogang Feng, Fred C. Lee, and Dushan Borojevich, Stability margin monitoring for DC distributed power systems via perturbation approaches, IEEE transaction on power electronics letters, Vol. 1, No. 3, Sep. 2003
[13] Xiaopeng Wang, Ruoping Yao, and Fangquan Rao. Considerations on the impedance character and impedance criterion in two stage DC distributed power system. 0-7803-7906-3IEEE,2003
[14] M.R. Kuhn,Y. Ji,D. Schrder. Stability Studies of Critical DC Power System Component for More Electric Aircraft using–Sensitivity. July IEEE,2007
[15] Ken Kundert, Power supply noise reduction power supplies, Copyright 2005, Kenneth S. Kundert– All Rights Reserved , download from www.designers-guide.org
[16]杨相生.影响直流分布式电源系统稳定性的主要原因.甘肃科学学报,Vol.15, No.2,Jue 2003
[17]杨相生.直流分布式电源系统的小信号稳定性研究.甘肃科学学报,Vol.14.No4,Dec 2002
[18] Middlebrook R.D. Input filter consideration design and application of switching regulators. Proc IEEE Industrial Application Society Annual Meeting,1976:276-382
[19] Xiaopeng Wang, Ruoping Yao, Fangquan Rao. Considerations on the impedance character and impedance criterion in two stage DC distributed power system. 0-7803-7906-3,IEEE,2003
[20] C G Hodge MSc CEng FIMarEST FREng , J O Flower DSc CEng FIMarEST. DC power system stability. IEEE 2009
[21] Xisheng Tang,Zhiping Qi. Stability Study of DC DPS and the Improvement with EDLC. IEEE,April 2009
[22] D. Nilsson, A. Sannino.“Load Modelling for Steady-State and Transient Analysis of Low-Voltage dc Systems”Industry Applications Conference. 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting.Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE ,Volume 2, 3-7 Oct. 2004 Page(s):774 - 780 vol.2
[23] A. Griffo,J. Wang,D. Howe. Large Signal Stability Analysis of DC Power Systems with Constant Power Loads. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC),September 3-5,2008
[24] Harish Krishnamurthy , Raja Ayyanar. Stability Analysis of Cascaded Converters for Bidirectional Power Flow Applications. IEEE,2008
[25] Peng Xiao,Ganesh Kumar,Ganesh Kumar, Jing Huang. RecurrentNeural Networks Based Impedance Measurement Technique for Power Electronic Systems. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,VOL. 25,NO. 2,Feb 2010
[26] Bostian Bitenc,Thomas Seitz.Optimizing DC Power Distribution Network Stability Using Root Locus Analysis. IEICE/IEEE INTELEC.03,Oct 19-23,2003
[27]万成安,于磊,刘建强.航天器直流电源系统稳定性分析方法研究.航天器工程,2009 18(2):17-19
[28]陈金富,卢炎生.分布式电源技术在我国的应用探讨.水电能源科学,Vol.23 No.2 Apr.2005:61-63
[29] Yaohua Luo,Shaobo Kang,Jiang You and Bin Fu. The Input Characterist-ic and Stability Analyse of Power Converter in Distribution Power Systems. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE, International Conference on Information and Automation.,june 2010: 1280-1283
[30]黄晓明.引入奈奎斯特(Nyquist)准则对反馈放大电路稳定性的分析.湖北教育学院学报,Vol.23 No.2,Feb.2006
[31] Xiaogang Feng,Zhihong Ye,Kun Xing,Fred C. Lee,Dusan Borojevic. Individual Load Impedance Specification for a Stable DC Distributed Power System. IEEE 1999: 923-929
[32] Yaohua Luo,Shaobo Kang,Jiang You,Bin Fu. The Input Characteristic and Stability Analyse of Power Converter in Distribution Power Systems. IEEE June 2010 :1280-1283
[33] Xiaogang Feng,Jinjun Liu,Fred C. Lee. Impedance Specifications for Stable DC Distributed Power Systems. IEEE VOL. 17, NO. 2, MARCH 2002
[34] Pit-Leong Wong ,Fred C. Lee ,Xunwei Zhou . Stability Study of PC Power System. IEEE VOL. 37,NO. 1 2001
[35] Seiya Abe,Tamotsu Ninomiya,Masahiko Hirokawa,Toshiyuki Zaitsu. Stability Comparison of Three Control Schemes for Bus Converter in Distributed Power System. IEEE 2005:1244-1248
[36] Pisit LIUTANAKUL,Serge PIERFEDERICI,Farid MEIBODY-TABAR. Stabilization of input Filter/DC-to-DC Converter. 2009 IEEE
[37] Operating Guide for Solar Array Simulator Agilent Models E4350B ,E4350B,Agilent Part No.5962-8206,Microfiche 5962-8207,Printed in USA:December,1997:102-105
[38]蔡恒恩.基于MATLAB/GUI处理喷雾图像的研究.长安大学硕士学位论文,2009:40-45
[39]刘顺.基于遗传一BP神经网络的基桩竖向承载力预测及优化设计系统开发研究.山东建筑大学硕士学位论文,2010:73-75
[40] R. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamental of power electronics, 2edition, Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001
[41] D. Venable, Source-load intctions in mukti-unit power systems, Venable technical paper # 12, Venable industries, www.venable.biz. 2006
[42]杨相生,冯小刚.级联电路的稳定裕量及其工程测量.哈尔滨理工大学学报,Vol.18,No.1, Feb.2003
[43] Xiaogang Feng, Zhihong Ye, Changrong Liu, Richard Zhang, Fred C. Lee, Dushan Boroyevich. Fault detection in DC distributed power systems based on impedance characteristics of modules, 0-7803-6401-5, IEEE 2000:2455-62
[44] X. Feng and F.C. Lee. On-line measurement on stability margin of DC distributed power system. APEC 2000,New Orleans,US,Feb. 2000:1196-1120
[45] Min Liu,Haiwen Yuan,Yi Sun ,Chen Yang. Research on Measurement of Dc Power Supply Impedance. 978-1-4244-3864-8 IEEE,MARCH 2009:703-706
[46]刘民.航天器电源系统阻抗测量技术研究.中国空间技术研究院博士论文,2008:103-116