小卫星星座组网中自适应路由技术的研究与仿真
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摘要
小卫星星座组网在航天领域中扮演着重要的角色,主要应用领域包括通信和侦察,如战术通信、战略侦察、战场摄影、监视导弹发射、收集战术情报、支援飞机和舰艇作战等。
路由协议是网络的重要组成部分。小卫星网络的特点使得地面路由协议不适应于小卫星网络。星座设计特性、用户链路和星间链路特性、用户链路和星间链路的切换以及拓扑的动态变化,均对小卫星系统的路由交换策略产生很大的影响。本论文依托国防基金项目“小卫星星座组网多路径路由及评估模型研究”,在分析动态源路由协议(DSR)的特点及其可扩展性的基础上,针对小卫星网络的特点,提出了自适应多径路由算法(AMR)。本文的主要工作如下:
首先分析了小卫星网络的特点及在小卫星网络中实现路由的难点,介绍了小卫星网络路由算法的研究现状。
其次对AMR算法进行分析与设计。针对DSR路由算法在小卫星网络下运行的存在问题,AMR算法对其进行了改进。通过跨层设计将物理层、MAC层、网络层的相关信息搜集起来,作为路由度量Metric的考虑因素。克服了DSR路由协议不能感知节点的拥塞度和空间环境等缺点。通过多径路由技术使得AMR路由算法能够减少路由请求信息的广播次数,使得更多的网络带宽用来传输数据。这对于拓扑结构快速变化的小卫星网络来说尤为重要。AMR路由算法中使用了拥塞控制技术。这项技术的使用能够起到减少丢包、均衡网络流量分布等作用。这对于具有长时延小卫星网络网络来说是非常重要的。
第三对AMR算法进行了详细的设计与实现。设计了AMR算法度量信息的计算方式、所需要的数据结构和功能模块的工作过程。
最后通过OPNET仿真软件,建立针对AMR·算法的仿真模型来对本文提出的AMR算法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明AMR算法减少了丢包率、降低了错误的路由次数,能够有效地运行在小卫星网络上。
Small satellite constellation network plays an important role in aerospace field. Its main application fields cover communication and reconaissance, namely tactical communication, strategic reconaissance, battlefield photography, surveillance of missile launch, collection of tactical information, support aircraft and warship, etc.
Routing protocol is an important part of the network. The routing protocols used in ground networks do not adapt to the satellite networks because of their characteristics. Constellation design characteristics, characteristics and switching of the user links and inter-satellite links, dynamic changes of the topology of the network have great influence on small satellite routing switch strategy. The background of this thesis is a defense fund project "research on small satellite constellation network multi-path routing and their evaluation model". Based on the analysis of the characteristics and expansibility of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol and aiming at the characteristics of small satellite network, an adaptive multi-path routing (AMR) algorithm is put forward. The mail works of this thesis is as follows:
Firstly, characteristics of small satellite networks and the difficulty of routing protocol realization in small satellite network are analyzed and the research status of small satellite network routing algorithm is introduced.
Secondly, AMR algorithm is analyzed and designed. Aiming at the weakness of DSR routing algorithm used in small satellite network, AMR algorithm is put forward through cross-layer optimization the related information of the physical layer, MAC layer and network layer is gathered and used as a measure of routing metric in AMR. This overcomes the shortcoming of unawareness of node congestion and space environment of the DSR routing protocol. Based on multi-path routing technology, AMR routing algorithm can reduce routing request information broadcasting frequency and make more efficient use of the network bandwidth to transmit data. This is critical for small satellite network which has rapid changes in topological structure. Congestion control technology is also used in AMR routing algorithm. It can reduce packet loss, balance network load distribution, etc. For a long delay satellite network, this is very important.
Thirdly, AMR algorithm is designed and implemented in details. Calculation method of measurement information, required data structure and working process of its function modules are designed and implemented.
Finally, through OPNET simulation mechanism, model of AMR algorithm is established and simulated. The simulation results show that AMR algorithm can reduce packet loss rate and the number of routing mistakes. AMR algorithm can be used in small satellite network effectively.
路由协议是网络的重要组成部分。小卫星网络的特点使得地面路由协议不适应于小卫星网络。星座设计特性、用户链路和星间链路特性、用户链路和星间链路的切换以及拓扑的动态变化,均对小卫星系统的路由交换策略产生很大的影响。本论文依托国防基金项目“小卫星星座组网多路径路由及评估模型研究”,在分析动态源路由协议(DSR)的特点及其可扩展性的基础上,针对小卫星网络的特点,提出了自适应多径路由算法(AMR)。本文的主要工作如下:
首先分析了小卫星网络的特点及在小卫星网络中实现路由的难点,介绍了小卫星网络路由算法的研究现状。
其次对AMR算法进行分析与设计。针对DSR路由算法在小卫星网络下运行的存在问题,AMR算法对其进行了改进。通过跨层设计将物理层、MAC层、网络层的相关信息搜集起来,作为路由度量Metric的考虑因素。克服了DSR路由协议不能感知节点的拥塞度和空间环境等缺点。通过多径路由技术使得AMR路由算法能够减少路由请求信息的广播次数,使得更多的网络带宽用来传输数据。这对于拓扑结构快速变化的小卫星网络来说尤为重要。AMR路由算法中使用了拥塞控制技术。这项技术的使用能够起到减少丢包、均衡网络流量分布等作用。这对于具有长时延小卫星网络网络来说是非常重要的。
第三对AMR算法进行了详细的设计与实现。设计了AMR算法度量信息的计算方式、所需要的数据结构和功能模块的工作过程。
最后通过OPNET仿真软件,建立针对AMR·算法的仿真模型来对本文提出的AMR算法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明AMR算法减少了丢包率、降低了错误的路由次数,能够有效地运行在小卫星网络上。
Small satellite constellation network plays an important role in aerospace field. Its main application fields cover communication and reconaissance, namely tactical communication, strategic reconaissance, battlefield photography, surveillance of missile launch, collection of tactical information, support aircraft and warship, etc.
Routing protocol is an important part of the network. The routing protocols used in ground networks do not adapt to the satellite networks because of their characteristics. Constellation design characteristics, characteristics and switching of the user links and inter-satellite links, dynamic changes of the topology of the network have great influence on small satellite routing switch strategy. The background of this thesis is a defense fund project "research on small satellite constellation network multi-path routing and their evaluation model". Based on the analysis of the characteristics and expansibility of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol and aiming at the characteristics of small satellite network, an adaptive multi-path routing (AMR) algorithm is put forward. The mail works of this thesis is as follows:
Firstly, characteristics of small satellite networks and the difficulty of routing protocol realization in small satellite network are analyzed and the research status of small satellite network routing algorithm is introduced.
Secondly, AMR algorithm is analyzed and designed. Aiming at the weakness of DSR routing algorithm used in small satellite network, AMR algorithm is put forward through cross-layer optimization the related information of the physical layer, MAC layer and network layer is gathered and used as a measure of routing metric in AMR. This overcomes the shortcoming of unawareness of node congestion and space environment of the DSR routing protocol. Based on multi-path routing technology, AMR routing algorithm can reduce routing request information broadcasting frequency and make more efficient use of the network bandwidth to transmit data. This is critical for small satellite network which has rapid changes in topological structure. Congestion control technology is also used in AMR routing algorithm. It can reduce packet loss, balance network load distribution, etc. For a long delay satellite network, this is very important.
Thirdly, AMR algorithm is designed and implemented in details. Calculation method of measurement information, required data structure and working process of its function modules are designed and implemented.
Finally, through OPNET simulation mechanism, model of AMR algorithm is established and simulated. The simulation results show that AMR algorithm can reduce packet loss rate and the number of routing mistakes. AMR algorithm can be used in small satellite network effectively.
引文
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[2]L.Wood.Internetworking with Satellie Constellations[D].PHD Thesis,University of Surrey,2001.
[3]Lloyd Wood,George Pavlou,Barry Evans,Effects on TCP of Routing Strategies in Satellite Constellations[J].IEEE Communications Magezine,2001:172-181.
[4]Tsunoda,H.Ohta,K.Kato,N.Nemoto.Supporting IP/LEO satellite networks by handover independent IP mobility management[C].IEEE Commun Mag,vol.22,Feb 2004:300-307.
[5]Geoffray,P.Hoefler,T.Adaptive Routing Strategies for Modern High Performance Networks[C].16TH IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnnects,2008.26-28Aug.2008:165-172.
[6]吴大鹏,甄岩,吴穆清.基于路径分段的MANET自适应多径路由协议[J].电子信息学报.2009年3月:698-710.
[7]Shakkottai S,Rappaport T S,Karlsson P C.Cross-layer design for wireless networks[J].Communications Magazine,IEEE,2003,41(10):78-80.
[8]朱析,朱立东,吴诗其.卫星通信网络的跨层设计[J].数字通信世界.2007年04期,45-47.
[9]M.Wemer,C.Delucchi.ATM-Based Routing in LEO/MEO Satellite Networks with Intersatellite Links[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1997,15(1):69-82.
[10]M.Wemer.A Dynamic Routing Concept for ATM-Based Satellite Personal Communication Network.IEEE[J]Journal on Selected Areas in communications,1997,15(8):1636-1648.
[11]H.S.Chang,B.W.Kim,C.G.Lee.FSA-based link Assignment and Routing in Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1998,47(3):1037-10 48.
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[13]E.Ekici,L.F.Akyildiz,M.D.Bender.A distributed routing Algorithm for Datagram Traffic in LEO Satellite Networks[C].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2001,9(2):137-147.
[14]E.Ekici,L.F.Akyildiz,M.D.Bender.Datagram Routing Algorithm for LEO Satellite Net works[J].IEEE Infocom 2000 Conference on Computer Communications,TelAviv,Israel,2000:500-508.
[15]P.Narvaez,A.Clerget.Internet Routing over LEO Satellite Constellations[J].The 3rd Inter national Workshop on Satellite Based Information Services Mobicom.1998,Dallas,Texas,1998:51-57.
[16]肖洪亮,LEO卫星网络路由算法设计与模拟.[D][Ph.D.Thesis].国防科技大学2005年10月.
[17]周林风,王东进.卫星移动通信系统星际路由算法的设计[J],Wireless Communication Technology 2000.vol.9 No.2:1-5.
[18]王亚沙,李冬妮,冯金,王光兴.LEO/MEO卫星网络中一种抗毁路由算法[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版).第25卷第10期,2004年10月,923-926.
[19]张登银,王汝传,王绍棣.一种适合星上处理的动态IP[J],第16卷第1起,重庆邮电学院学报,2004年2月,15-20.
[20]王晓梅,冉崇森.浅析LEO卫星网络中的QoS路由问题[J].电讯技术,2003年第6期,107-110.
[21]余超,短登平.小卫星通信系统协议研究[J].《红外》.2003年1月,10-14.无线通信技术,10-14.
[22]任智,郭伟,刘军,蒋艳.基于跨层协同设计的Ad hoc按需定向路由算法[J],计算机科学2006vol.33No.5,39-42.
[23]罗明胜,黄联芬,姚彦.无线网络跨出设计的研究现状及展望[J].技术探讨.2005.7.移动通信,95-98.
[24]郑相全,郭伟,葛利嘉,刘仁婷.一种基于跨出设计和蚁群优化的自组网负载均衡路由协议[J].电子学报.2006年7月第7期.Vol 34,1199-1208.
[25]任智,郭伟,苏静,刘军.基于跨层协同设计的高效AODV改进路由算法[J].计算机学报2007年5月Vol.30 No.5 p:838-844.
[26]李胜辉,毛玉明.基于AODV路由协议的跨层设计研究[C].2006中国西部青年通信学术会议,66-70.
[27]U C Kozat,I Koutsopoulos,L Tassiulas.A Framework for Cross-layer Design of Energy-efficient Communication with QoS Provisioning inMulti-hop Wireless Networks[R].Technical Research Report,The Institute for System Research,The University of Maryland,2004.
[28]C.Barrett,A.Marathe,M.V.Marathe,M.Drozda.Characterizing the interaction between routing and MAC protocols in ad-hoc networks[A].International Symposium on mobile ad-hoc networking&computing,Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international Symposium on mobile ad-hoc networking&computing,Lausanne[C].Switzerland,2002.92-103
[29]H Gharavi,K Ban.Dynamic adjustment packet control for video communications over ad-hoc networks[A].The 2004 InternationalConference on Communications(ICC 2004)[C].Paris,France,2004-06.3086-3090.
[30]Y.C.Hu,D.B.Johnson.Exploiting Congestion Information in Network and Higher Layer Protocols in Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks[A].24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS' 04)[C].Tokyo,Japan,2004.301-310.
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