中国海底栖桡足类的分类学研究
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摘要
底栖桡足类绝大多数属于猛水蚤目。猛水蚤目隶属于节肢动物门(Arthropoda),甲壳动物亚门(Crustacea),颚足纲(Maxillopoda),桡足亚纲(Copepoda) (Martin & Davis, 2001)。猛水蚤个体很小,一般体长小于1mm,栖息于各种类型的海洋沉积物中。它们是海洋沉积物中继自由生活的线虫之后,第二丰富的底栖生物类群(慕芳红, 2000)。对底栖桡足类进行鉴定时,要观察整个躯体的形态以及各个附肢的形态,除了其个体小解剖困难外,其分类系统当前仍存在很大分歧,因此其分类鉴定非常困难。我国对于海洋底栖桡足类的分类学研究比较少,除渤海外,其他海域的报道处于空白状态。底栖桡足类在底栖生物和海洋生态系中的重要地位亟待对我国底栖桡足类进行全面而系统的分类学研究。
本论文对2007年10月国家908专项ST08区块秋季航次82个站位,2008年5月胶州湾春季航次10个站位,2008年5月平岛潮间带,以及2010年青岛第二海水浴场四个航次采集的样品进行分选,解剖,制片,鉴定,共鉴定猛水蚤目12科,19属,24种,其中包括1个新属,1个新记录属,17个新种,2个新记录种。
本论文主要采用传统的形态学方法进行分类学研究,在认真阅读相关文献的基础上,对我国海域底栖桡足类进行了较为全面的分类学研究。通过对采集标本的详细检查,总结了各个属和种的分类学特征,对鉴定的24种猛水蚤进行了详细的描述和绘图。
本论文研究结果将改变我国在海洋底栖桡足类研究方面的薄弱现状,将为进一步开展我国海洋底栖桡足类、海洋生物多样性以及小型底栖生物生态学研究提供重要基础资料。
Benthic copepods are mainly harpacticoid copepods. Harpactiocoida belongs to Phylum Artheropoda, Subphylum Crustacea, Order Maxillopoda, suborder Copepoda (Martin & Davis, 2001). Harpacticoid copepods are small, predominantly less than 1 mm long, and inhabit all kinds of marine sediments. They are usually the second most abundant metazoan taxon after free-living nematods in marine sediment(Mu, 2000). Observation the shapes of habitus and appendages is necessary for the identification of benthic copepods, however, the tiny body size of these animals and the disputed systematics of Harpacticoida make the identification of harpactiocoid copepods very difficult. The benthic copepods of the China seas have been poorly investigated, except Bohai Sea, the benthic copepods from other seas have not been researched. The importance of benthic copepods in the marine sediment and marine ecosystem needs a comprehensive investigation of benthic copepods from the China seas.
After extraction and dissection, 12 families, 19 genera and 24 species of harpacticoid copepods were identified from four cruises’samples, including one new genus, 17 new species and one genus, two species which were reported from China seas for the first time.
After observed and identified under optic microscopy, based on a lot of correlated literature, this thesis deals with a comprehensive research of taxonomy of benthic copepods from China waters. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided and list to 24 checked harpacticoid copepods.
The thesis can provide literature for further study benthic copepods, marine biodiversity and ecology of meiofauna of China seas.
All species researched in this study are listed as follows: those with one asterisk“
”recorded for the first time from Chinese waters, those with“
”are new species.
Harpacticoida Sars, 1903:
Family Longipediidae Boeck, 1865
Genus Longipedia Claus, 1863
Longipedia oligospina sp. nov.
Longipedia fortichaeta sp. nov.
Longipedia wangi sp. nov.
Longipedia polyspinosa sp. nov.
Family Canuellidae Lang, 1944
Genus Scottolana Por, 1967
Scottolana bulbifera (Chislenko, 1971)
Family Ameiridae Boeck, 1865
Genus Ameira Boeck, 1865
Ameira parvula (Claus, 1866)
Genus Nitocra Boeck, 1865
Nitocra paraarctolonga sp. nov.
Family Argestidae Por, 1986
Genus Eurycletodes Sars, 1909
subgenus Oligocletodes Lang, 1944
Eurycletodes oligopoditus sp. nov.
Family Cletodidae T. Scott, 1905
Genus Enhydrosoma Boeck, 1873
Enhydrosoma spinosa sp. nov
Family Ectinosomatidae Sars, 1903
Genus Halectinosoma Lang, 1944
Halectinosoma daiae sp. nov.
Family Miraciidae Dana, 1846
Genus Amphiascus Sars, 1905
Amphiascus rizhaoensis sp. nov.
Genus Bulbamphiascus Lang, 1944
Bulbamphiascus plumosus Mu & Gee, 2000
Genus Delavalia Brady, 1869
Delavalia qingdaoensis sp. nov.
Delavalia dahmsi sp. nov.
Delavalia mirabilis sp. nov.
Genus Onychostenhelia It?, 1979
Onychostenhelia bispinosa Huys & Mu, 2008
Genus Rhyncholagena Lang, 1944
Rhyncholagena paraspinifer sp. nov.
Genus Sinamphiascus Mu & Gee, 2000
Sinamphiascus dominatus Mu & Gee, 2000
Genus Typhlamphiascus Lang, 1944
Typhlamphiascus muae sp. nov.
Family Pseudotachidiidae Lang, 1936
Genus Danielssenia Boeck, 1873
Danielssenia typica Boeck, 1873
Family Tachidiidae Boeck, 1865
Genus Pseudomicroarthridion gen. nov.
Pseudomicroarthridion bisegmentum sp. nov.
Family Tetragonicipitidae
Genus Phyllopodopsyllus T. Scott, 1906
Phyllopodopsyllus setouchiensis Kitazima, 1981
Family Tisbidae Stebbing, 1910
Genus Tisbe Lilljeborg, 1853
Tisbe sheni sp. nov.
Family Zosimidae Seifried, 2003
Genus Zosime Boeck, 1873
Zosime sinensis sp. nov.
本论文对2007年10月国家908专项ST08区块秋季航次82个站位,2008年5月胶州湾春季航次10个站位,2008年5月平岛潮间带,以及2010年青岛第二海水浴场四个航次采集的样品进行分选,解剖,制片,鉴定,共鉴定猛水蚤目12科,19属,24种,其中包括1个新属,1个新记录属,17个新种,2个新记录种。
本论文主要采用传统的形态学方法进行分类学研究,在认真阅读相关文献的基础上,对我国海域底栖桡足类进行了较为全面的分类学研究。通过对采集标本的详细检查,总结了各个属和种的分类学特征,对鉴定的24种猛水蚤进行了详细的描述和绘图。
本论文研究结果将改变我国在海洋底栖桡足类研究方面的薄弱现状,将为进一步开展我国海洋底栖桡足类、海洋生物多样性以及小型底栖生物生态学研究提供重要基础资料。
Benthic copepods are mainly harpacticoid copepods. Harpactiocoida belongs to Phylum Artheropoda, Subphylum Crustacea, Order Maxillopoda, suborder Copepoda (Martin & Davis, 2001). Harpacticoid copepods are small, predominantly less than 1 mm long, and inhabit all kinds of marine sediments. They are usually the second most abundant metazoan taxon after free-living nematods in marine sediment(Mu, 2000). Observation the shapes of habitus and appendages is necessary for the identification of benthic copepods, however, the tiny body size of these animals and the disputed systematics of Harpacticoida make the identification of harpactiocoid copepods very difficult. The benthic copepods of the China seas have been poorly investigated, except Bohai Sea, the benthic copepods from other seas have not been researched. The importance of benthic copepods in the marine sediment and marine ecosystem needs a comprehensive investigation of benthic copepods from the China seas.
After extraction and dissection, 12 families, 19 genera and 24 species of harpacticoid copepods were identified from four cruises’samples, including one new genus, 17 new species and one genus, two species which were reported from China seas for the first time.
After observed and identified under optic microscopy, based on a lot of correlated literature, this thesis deals with a comprehensive research of taxonomy of benthic copepods from China waters. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided and list to 24 checked harpacticoid copepods.
The thesis can provide literature for further study benthic copepods, marine biodiversity and ecology of meiofauna of China seas.
All species researched in this study are listed as follows: those with one asterisk“
”recorded for the first time from Chinese waters, those with“
”are new species.
Harpacticoida Sars, 1903:
Family Longipediidae Boeck, 1865
Genus Longipedia Claus, 1863
Longipedia oligospina sp. nov.
Longipedia fortichaeta sp. nov.
Longipedia wangi sp. nov.
Longipedia polyspinosa sp. nov.
Family Canuellidae Lang, 1944
Genus Scottolana Por, 1967
Scottolana bulbifera (Chislenko, 1971)
Family Ameiridae Boeck, 1865
Genus Ameira Boeck, 1865
Ameira parvula (Claus, 1866)
Genus Nitocra Boeck, 1865
Nitocra paraarctolonga sp. nov.
Family Argestidae Por, 1986
Genus Eurycletodes Sars, 1909
subgenus Oligocletodes Lang, 1944
Eurycletodes oligopoditus sp. nov.
Family Cletodidae T. Scott, 1905
Genus Enhydrosoma Boeck, 1873
Enhydrosoma spinosa sp. nov
Family Ectinosomatidae Sars, 1903
Genus Halectinosoma Lang, 1944
Halectinosoma daiae sp. nov.
Family Miraciidae Dana, 1846
Genus Amphiascus Sars, 1905
Amphiascus rizhaoensis sp. nov.
Genus Bulbamphiascus Lang, 1944
Bulbamphiascus plumosus Mu & Gee, 2000
Genus Delavalia Brady, 1869
Delavalia qingdaoensis sp. nov.
Delavalia dahmsi sp. nov.
Delavalia mirabilis sp. nov.
Genus Onychostenhelia It?, 1979
Onychostenhelia bispinosa Huys & Mu, 2008
Genus Rhyncholagena Lang, 1944
Rhyncholagena paraspinifer sp. nov.
Genus Sinamphiascus Mu & Gee, 2000
Sinamphiascus dominatus Mu & Gee, 2000
Genus Typhlamphiascus Lang, 1944
Typhlamphiascus muae sp. nov.
Family Pseudotachidiidae Lang, 1936
Genus Danielssenia Boeck, 1873
Danielssenia typica Boeck, 1873
Family Tachidiidae Boeck, 1865
Genus Pseudomicroarthridion gen. nov.
Pseudomicroarthridion bisegmentum sp. nov.
Family Tetragonicipitidae
Genus Phyllopodopsyllus T. Scott, 1906
Phyllopodopsyllus setouchiensis Kitazima, 1981
Family Tisbidae Stebbing, 1910
Genus Tisbe Lilljeborg, 1853
Tisbe sheni sp. nov.
Family Zosimidae Seifried, 2003
Genus Zosime Boeck, 1873
Zosime sinensis sp. nov.
引文
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