小数据集时间序列PS-InSAR技术及其地表沉降应用
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摘要
D-InSAR技术从其诞生的二十几年间得到了迅猛的发展,但是随着D-InSAR理论研究的日益成熟和应用领域的不断拓宽,常规D-InSAR技术的缺点和不足问题也逐渐暴露出来,主要表现为长时间尺度上时间和空间的失相干,外部引入数字高程模型的精度,大气延迟效应的影响等。小数据集时间序列PS-InSAR技术通过选取影像中永久散射体对应的像素点,保证了这些像素点的高相干性,突破了常规D-InSAR技术在长时间尺度上所遇到的时间和空间的失相干,外部数字高程模型的精度,大气延迟效应等限制。
本文通过差分干涉相位分析,揭示了InSAR测量高程、常规D-InSAR测量地表形变和永久散射体InSAR测量地表沉降是一个对差分相位分析不断深入的过程。本文使用小数据集时间序列PS-InSAR技术提取地表沉降速率,具体是使用相关系数的办法选取干涉像对,再利用相位稳定阈值法选取高相干的永久散射体像素点,从差分干涉相位中分离出DEM残留相位、大气延迟相位、轨道误差相位等误差之后,三维相位解缠,最终获取地表平均沉降速率信息。再结合实验,以天津塘沽地区的地表沉降为研究对象,选取了2007年10月到2009年10月的10景PALSAR的L波段数据进行实验,获取了天津塘沽地区20km×20km区域的地表沉降速率场,分析了地表沉降中心位置及沉降原因,并与塘沽历史沉降数据对比得到差值在5mm/yr以内,验证了基于小数据集时间序列PS-InSAR技术应用于天津塘沽地表沉降监测的可行性。
Differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry(D-InSAR) technology was developed rapidly over the past twenty years. The disadvantage of conventional D-InSAR was emerging gradually with its development in theoretic research and expansion in applied field, for example, the temporal decorrelation and spatial decorrelation in long-time scales, error caused by the digital elevation model(DEM), the atmospheric effects etc. The permanent/persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry(PS-InSAR) time series using small data set(TS-SDS) technology selects the pixels which are permanent/persistent scatterers. These pixels can keep high coherence in time scalse. So PS-InSAR can overcome the restriction in conventional D-InSAR from the temporal decorrelation, spatial decorrelation, error caused by DEM , the atmospheric effects, etc.
Through analysing the differential interferometric phase, this thesis revealed that measuring height by InSAR, measuring land subsidence by conventional D-InSAR and measuring land subsidence by PS-InSAR is a deepening process for differential interferometric phase. This thesis applied PS-InSAR TS-SDS to picking up the mean velocities of land subsidence. The processing is selecting the high coherent PS pixels using the phase stability threshold method, computing and analysing systematically these PS pixels in space and time scales, rejecting the phase caused by DEM error, orbit error and atmospheric effects, and extracting the mean velocities of land subsidence. Combining to the experiments, this thesis applied PS-InSAR TS-SDS technology to the land subsidence in Tianjin Tanggu, selected 10 scenes PALSAR L-wave band image data from October 2007 to October 2009, obtained the average velocities of land subsidence in Tianjin Tanggu experimental area which is about 20km×20km, analyzed the center positions of land subsidence and the reasons for these land subsidence, got the D-value within 5mm/yr comparing this average velocities of land subsidence to historical data, and verified the feasibility of application this technology to land subsidence monitoring in Tianjin Tanggu.
本文通过差分干涉相位分析,揭示了InSAR测量高程、常规D-InSAR测量地表形变和永久散射体InSAR测量地表沉降是一个对差分相位分析不断深入的过程。本文使用小数据集时间序列PS-InSAR技术提取地表沉降速率,具体是使用相关系数的办法选取干涉像对,再利用相位稳定阈值法选取高相干的永久散射体像素点,从差分干涉相位中分离出DEM残留相位、大气延迟相位、轨道误差相位等误差之后,三维相位解缠,最终获取地表平均沉降速率信息。再结合实验,以天津塘沽地区的地表沉降为研究对象,选取了2007年10月到2009年10月的10景PALSAR的L波段数据进行实验,获取了天津塘沽地区20km×20km区域的地表沉降速率场,分析了地表沉降中心位置及沉降原因,并与塘沽历史沉降数据对比得到差值在5mm/yr以内,验证了基于小数据集时间序列PS-InSAR技术应用于天津塘沽地表沉降监测的可行性。
Differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry(D-InSAR) technology was developed rapidly over the past twenty years. The disadvantage of conventional D-InSAR was emerging gradually with its development in theoretic research and expansion in applied field, for example, the temporal decorrelation and spatial decorrelation in long-time scales, error caused by the digital elevation model(DEM), the atmospheric effects etc. The permanent/persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry(PS-InSAR) time series using small data set(TS-SDS) technology selects the pixels which are permanent/persistent scatterers. These pixels can keep high coherence in time scalse. So PS-InSAR can overcome the restriction in conventional D-InSAR from the temporal decorrelation, spatial decorrelation, error caused by DEM , the atmospheric effects, etc.
Through analysing the differential interferometric phase, this thesis revealed that measuring height by InSAR, measuring land subsidence by conventional D-InSAR and measuring land subsidence by PS-InSAR is a deepening process for differential interferometric phase. This thesis applied PS-InSAR TS-SDS to picking up the mean velocities of land subsidence. The processing is selecting the high coherent PS pixels using the phase stability threshold method, computing and analysing systematically these PS pixels in space and time scales, rejecting the phase caused by DEM error, orbit error and atmospheric effects, and extracting the mean velocities of land subsidence. Combining to the experiments, this thesis applied PS-InSAR TS-SDS technology to the land subsidence in Tianjin Tanggu, selected 10 scenes PALSAR L-wave band image data from October 2007 to October 2009, obtained the average velocities of land subsidence in Tianjin Tanggu experimental area which is about 20km×20km, analyzed the center positions of land subsidence and the reasons for these land subsidence, got the D-value within 5mm/yr comparing this average velocities of land subsidence to historical data, and verified the feasibility of application this technology to land subsidence monitoring in Tianjin Tanggu.
引文
[1]张继贤,杨明辉,黄国满.机载合成孔径雷达技术在地形测绘中的应用及其进展[J].北京:测绘科学,2004,29(6):24-27.
[2]中国科学院地学部,“我国地面沉降问题”学术会议, 2002年5月, http://www.casad.ac.cn/the_whole_web_root/chinese/xbtx/comm_query_brow.aspid=130.
[3]何庆成等.我国地面沉降现状及防治战略设想[J].北京:高校地质学报,2006(2):161-168.
[4]李德仁,周月琴,马洪超.卫星雷达干涉测量原理与应用[J].北京:测绘科学,2000,25(1):9-12.
[5] Zebker H.A , Goldstein R.Topographic mapping from SAR observation.J Geophys RES.1996,91(B5):4993-4999.
[6]张景发,龚利霞,姜文亮.PS-InSAR技术在地壳长期缓慢形变监测中的应用[J].国际地震动态,2006,330(6):1-6.
[7] Massonnet D , Amaud A.Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by space radar interferometry.Nature,1595,375:567-570.
[8]廖明生,林珲.雷达干涉测量学原理与信号处理基础[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003:15-107.
[9]林珲,江利明,赵卿.城市地面沉降及其D-InSAR监测[J].城市导刊,2008,4:39-46.
[10]何秀凤.变形监测新方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:133-147.
[11]焦明连,蒋廷臣.基于InSAR技术矿区地表形变的监测[J].连云港:淮海工学院学报(自然科学版)2008,17(2):70-74.
[12]刘国祥.利用雷达干涉技术监测区域地表形变[M].北京:测绘出版社,2006:32-58.
[13]Zebker H.A , Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes [J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30:950-959.
[14]张继超,宋伟东等.PS-DInSAR技术在矿区地表形变测量中的应用探讨[J].北京:测绘通报,2008(8):45-47.
[15]Ferretti A,Prati C,Rocca F.Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-19.
[16]Ferretti A , Prati C , Rocca F.Non-linear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions onGeoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(5):2208-2212.
[17]Burgmann R,Hilley G,Ferrettia,et allure-solving Vertical Tectonics in the San Francisco Bay Area from GPS and Permanent Scatterer InSAR Analysis [J].Geology, 2006,34:221-224.
[18]Susan and Rakes. SAR interferometry on a Very Long Time Scales:A Study of the interferometric Characteristics of Man-Made Features[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(4):2118-2123.
[19]Susan. An Analysis of the Interferometric Characteristics of Anthropogenic Features[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(3):1491-1497.
[20]C.Colesanti,A.Ferretti,C.Parti,F.Rocca. Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent scatterer’s technique[J] .Engineering Geology ,2003,68:3-14.
[21]N.A dam,and B.KamPes.Velociry Field Retrieval from long-term Coherent Points in Radar Interferometer Stacks[J].IGARSS Proceedings 2003,Toulouse.
[22]Andrew Hooper. Persistent scatterer Radar Interferometry for Crustal Deformation Studies and Modeling of Volcanic Deformation[D].PhD thesis of Stanford University,2OO6:41-56.
[23]Bai Jun,Veronique Prinet.InSAR PS Adpative Detection and its Application in Bejiing Aera[J].IGARSS’2005,2005.
[24]汤益先,张红,王超.基于永久散射体雷达干涉测量的苏州地区沉降研究[J].北京:自然科学进展,2006,16(8):1015-1020.
[25]陈强.基于永久散射体雷达差分干涉探测区域地表形变的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学博士论文,2006:104-128.
[26]龙江平.基于PS-InSAR技术的New Orleans地区的变形监测的研究[D].长沙:中南大学硕士论文,2006:35-45.
[27]祁晓明.PS-InSAR技术在西安地区的变形监测研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士论文,2009:49-58.
[28]朱叶飞等.基于PS-InSAR的1995-2000年苏州地面沉降监测[J].兰州:地球科学进展,2010,25(4):428-433.
[29]Colesanti C,Ferretti A,Novali F,et al. SAR Monitoring of Progressive and Eeasonal Ground Deformation using the Permanent Scatterers Technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(7):1685 -1700.
[30]Wegmuller U and Wiesmann A.Potential of Interferometry Point Target Analysis using Small Data Stacks[C].Third International Workshop on ERS SAR Interferometry‘FRINGE03’,Frascat,iItaly,1-5 December,2003,1-3(cdrom).
[31]Zhao Q,Lin H,Jiang L,et al. A Study of Ground Deformation in Guangzhou Urban Area with Persistent Scatteer Interferometry[J].Sensors,2009,9:503-518.
[32]刘永坦.雷达成像技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999:1-23.
[33]李超英.差分干涉雷达技术用于不连续形变的监测研究[D].西安:长安大学博士论文,2009:17-22.
[34]侯建国等.基于PS-InSAR技术探测地表形变的实验研究[J].哈尔滨:自然灾害学报,2010,19(1):33-38.
[35]陈国浒等.PS-InSAR技术在北京采空塌陷区地表形变测量中的应用探析[J].北京:中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(2):59-63.
[36]王涛等. PS InSAR技术监测天津蓟县滑坡预研究[J].北京:遥感信息,2008,3:81-86.
[37]焦明连,蒋廷臣.PS InSAR技术在地表形变监测中的应用研究[J].新乡:全球定位系统,2008,4:7-9.
[38]Ferrettia , Pratic , Roccaf.Permanent Scatterersin SAR Interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-19.
[39]王超,张红,刘智.星载合成孔雷达干涉测量[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002:30-58.
[40]陈强,刘国祥等.PS-DInSAR公共主影像的优化选取[J].武汉:测绘学报,2007,36(4):395-399.
[41]罗小军,黄丁发,刘国祥.时序差分雷达干涉中的永久散射体自动探测[J].成都:西南交通大学学报,2006,18:26-30.
[42]Kampes , B.M. DisPlacement Parameter Estimation using Permanent Scatterer Interferometry.PhD thesis[J].Delft University of technology,2005:75-113.
[43]Kampes,B.M. and Ramon F.Hanssen. Ambiguity resolution for Permanent Scatterer Interferometry[J].IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote Sensing,2004,11(20):2446-2453.
[44]王海刚.天津市地面沉降现状与预测[D].南京:中国地质大学硕士论文,2006:36-40.
[45]董克刚等.天津市地面沉降防治历史的调查研究及启示[J].北京:中国地质灾害与防治学报,2008,19(3):54-59.
[2]中国科学院地学部,“我国地面沉降问题”学术会议, 2002年5月, http://www.casad.ac.cn/the_whole_web_root/chinese/xbtx/comm_query_brow.aspid=130.
[3]何庆成等.我国地面沉降现状及防治战略设想[J].北京:高校地质学报,2006(2):161-168.
[4]李德仁,周月琴,马洪超.卫星雷达干涉测量原理与应用[J].北京:测绘科学,2000,25(1):9-12.
[5] Zebker H.A , Goldstein R.Topographic mapping from SAR observation.J Geophys RES.1996,91(B5):4993-4999.
[6]张景发,龚利霞,姜文亮.PS-InSAR技术在地壳长期缓慢形变监测中的应用[J].国际地震动态,2006,330(6):1-6.
[7] Massonnet D , Amaud A.Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by space radar interferometry.Nature,1595,375:567-570.
[8]廖明生,林珲.雷达干涉测量学原理与信号处理基础[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003:15-107.
[9]林珲,江利明,赵卿.城市地面沉降及其D-InSAR监测[J].城市导刊,2008,4:39-46.
[10]何秀凤.变形监测新方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:133-147.
[11]焦明连,蒋廷臣.基于InSAR技术矿区地表形变的监测[J].连云港:淮海工学院学报(自然科学版)2008,17(2):70-74.
[12]刘国祥.利用雷达干涉技术监测区域地表形变[M].北京:测绘出版社,2006:32-58.
[13]Zebker H.A , Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes [J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30:950-959.
[14]张继超,宋伟东等.PS-DInSAR技术在矿区地表形变测量中的应用探讨[J].北京:测绘通报,2008(8):45-47.
[15]Ferretti A,Prati C,Rocca F.Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-19.
[16]Ferretti A , Prati C , Rocca F.Non-linear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions onGeoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(5):2208-2212.
[17]Burgmann R,Hilley G,Ferrettia,et allure-solving Vertical Tectonics in the San Francisco Bay Area from GPS and Permanent Scatterer InSAR Analysis [J].Geology, 2006,34:221-224.
[18]Susan and Rakes. SAR interferometry on a Very Long Time Scales:A Study of the interferometric Characteristics of Man-Made Features[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(4):2118-2123.
[19]Susan. An Analysis of the Interferometric Characteristics of Anthropogenic Features[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(3):1491-1497.
[20]C.Colesanti,A.Ferretti,C.Parti,F.Rocca. Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent scatterer’s technique[J] .Engineering Geology ,2003,68:3-14.
[21]N.A dam,and B.KamPes.Velociry Field Retrieval from long-term Coherent Points in Radar Interferometer Stacks[J].IGARSS Proceedings 2003,Toulouse.
[22]Andrew Hooper. Persistent scatterer Radar Interferometry for Crustal Deformation Studies and Modeling of Volcanic Deformation[D].PhD thesis of Stanford University,2OO6:41-56.
[23]Bai Jun,Veronique Prinet.InSAR PS Adpative Detection and its Application in Bejiing Aera[J].IGARSS’2005,2005.
[24]汤益先,张红,王超.基于永久散射体雷达干涉测量的苏州地区沉降研究[J].北京:自然科学进展,2006,16(8):1015-1020.
[25]陈强.基于永久散射体雷达差分干涉探测区域地表形变的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学博士论文,2006:104-128.
[26]龙江平.基于PS-InSAR技术的New Orleans地区的变形监测的研究[D].长沙:中南大学硕士论文,2006:35-45.
[27]祁晓明.PS-InSAR技术在西安地区的变形监测研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士论文,2009:49-58.
[28]朱叶飞等.基于PS-InSAR的1995-2000年苏州地面沉降监测[J].兰州:地球科学进展,2010,25(4):428-433.
[29]Colesanti C,Ferretti A,Novali F,et al. SAR Monitoring of Progressive and Eeasonal Ground Deformation using the Permanent Scatterers Technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(7):1685 -1700.
[30]Wegmuller U and Wiesmann A.Potential of Interferometry Point Target Analysis using Small Data Stacks[C].Third International Workshop on ERS SAR Interferometry‘FRINGE03’,Frascat,iItaly,1-5 December,2003,1-3(cdrom).
[31]Zhao Q,Lin H,Jiang L,et al. A Study of Ground Deformation in Guangzhou Urban Area with Persistent Scatteer Interferometry[J].Sensors,2009,9:503-518.
[32]刘永坦.雷达成像技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999:1-23.
[33]李超英.差分干涉雷达技术用于不连续形变的监测研究[D].西安:长安大学博士论文,2009:17-22.
[34]侯建国等.基于PS-InSAR技术探测地表形变的实验研究[J].哈尔滨:自然灾害学报,2010,19(1):33-38.
[35]陈国浒等.PS-InSAR技术在北京采空塌陷区地表形变测量中的应用探析[J].北京:中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(2):59-63.
[36]王涛等. PS InSAR技术监测天津蓟县滑坡预研究[J].北京:遥感信息,2008,3:81-86.
[37]焦明连,蒋廷臣.PS InSAR技术在地表形变监测中的应用研究[J].新乡:全球定位系统,2008,4:7-9.
[38]Ferrettia , Pratic , Roccaf.Permanent Scatterersin SAR Interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-19.
[39]王超,张红,刘智.星载合成孔雷达干涉测量[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002:30-58.
[40]陈强,刘国祥等.PS-DInSAR公共主影像的优化选取[J].武汉:测绘学报,2007,36(4):395-399.
[41]罗小军,黄丁发,刘国祥.时序差分雷达干涉中的永久散射体自动探测[J].成都:西南交通大学学报,2006,18:26-30.
[42]Kampes , B.M. DisPlacement Parameter Estimation using Permanent Scatterer Interferometry.PhD thesis[J].Delft University of technology,2005:75-113.
[43]Kampes,B.M. and Ramon F.Hanssen. Ambiguity resolution for Permanent Scatterer Interferometry[J].IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote Sensing,2004,11(20):2446-2453.
[44]王海刚.天津市地面沉降现状与预测[D].南京:中国地质大学硕士论文,2006:36-40.
[45]董克刚等.天津市地面沉降防治历史的调查研究及启示[J].北京:中国地质灾害与防治学报,2008,19(3):54-59.