小波解调方法在泵类旋转机械故障诊断中的应用研究
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摘要
干式真空泵的正常运转是真空系统稳定工作的保证,液压泵是液压系统的“心脏”,所以对干式真空泵、液压泵等旋转机械进行状态检测和故障诊断技术的研究是非常必要的。论文以旋转机械故障特征提取技术为研究对象,提出了基于复解析小波的小波包络解调新方法并应用到干式真空泵、液压泵等故障诊断中。该研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且对其他旋转机械的故障诊断具有推广应用价值。
概述了旋转机械振动监测技术相关理论,对振动信号采集过程中的测点位置以及传感器类型选择进行说明,并着重对振动信号的幅值域、时域以及频域分析方法进行了深入的研究。
系统地研究了小波分析理论在振动信号分析领域的应用,与传统的基于FFT的信号分析方法相比有其独到的优势,能够满足大多数旋转机械振动信号分析的要求。
采用传统的小波包络分析对振动信号进行分析处理时,通常需要对振动信号进行小波分解滤波,再进行Hilbert变换才能得到包络信号,运算过程复杂,运算量大,从而限制了其在实时诊断系统中的应用。基于Morlet复解析小波变换的正交性,提出基于小波簇的带通滤波和包络解调新方法。通过合理的选择小波参数,用多个单Morlet小波组成的小波簇可构成具有零相移、平顶通带及快速衰减过渡带特性的带通滤波器,用于提取振动信号的高频谐振成分。这种方法将信号滤波和Hilbert变换两个步骤合二为一,简化了运算步骤,缩短了运算时间,提高了故障诊断的实时性。
将该方法用于液压泵、干式真空泵等泵类旋转机械故障振动信号分析处理之中,实验结果表明它能有效地提取故障特征频率,诊断结果验证了该方法的有效性。
The running status of dry vacuum pump influences the stability of the whole vacuum system and the hydraulic pump is the“heart”of the hydraulic system. So the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the rotary machine such as dry vavuum pump and hydraulic pump is crucial.This paper advances the extractive technique as subject investigated,A Morlet-like wavelet cluster-based method for band-pass filtering and envelope demodulation is described and it is applied for fault diagnosis relating to the rotary machine such as dry vavuum pump and hydraulic pump.It is not only important for theoretical study,but also has popularization to other rotary machine.
This paper summarizes vibration monitoring technique relating to rotary machine,then illustrates how to select the testing position and the vibrational sensor.Especially makes profound institute to amplitude domain and time domain and frequency domain analysis method.
Systematically researches the basic ideas of Wavelet Transfomation theories when it is used in the vibrational signals.It is verified that wavelet analysis method is unique compared to FFT. The method is suitable for most rotary machine.
When using classical wavelet envelope demodulation method, generally first makes wavelet decomposition for filtering to the vibration signals ,then Hilbert Transformation,Last we can get the envelope signal .In this way the process of calculation is complex. Here a Morlet-like wavelet cluster-based method for band-pass filtering and envelope demodulation is described. Via appropriate choice of wavelet parameters, a wavelet cluster combined with multi-Morlet-like wavelet can be used as a band-pass filter with zero phase shift, flat topped pass-band and rapid attenuation in the transition band. It can be used to extract high frequency natural vibration components.
This new method is applied for fault diagnosis relating to the rotary machine such as dry vavuum pump and hydraulic pump. It is shown that the fault characteristic frequencies can be extracted effectively. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated in experimental studies.
概述了旋转机械振动监测技术相关理论,对振动信号采集过程中的测点位置以及传感器类型选择进行说明,并着重对振动信号的幅值域、时域以及频域分析方法进行了深入的研究。
系统地研究了小波分析理论在振动信号分析领域的应用,与传统的基于FFT的信号分析方法相比有其独到的优势,能够满足大多数旋转机械振动信号分析的要求。
采用传统的小波包络分析对振动信号进行分析处理时,通常需要对振动信号进行小波分解滤波,再进行Hilbert变换才能得到包络信号,运算过程复杂,运算量大,从而限制了其在实时诊断系统中的应用。基于Morlet复解析小波变换的正交性,提出基于小波簇的带通滤波和包络解调新方法。通过合理的选择小波参数,用多个单Morlet小波组成的小波簇可构成具有零相移、平顶通带及快速衰减过渡带特性的带通滤波器,用于提取振动信号的高频谐振成分。这种方法将信号滤波和Hilbert变换两个步骤合二为一,简化了运算步骤,缩短了运算时间,提高了故障诊断的实时性。
将该方法用于液压泵、干式真空泵等泵类旋转机械故障振动信号分析处理之中,实验结果表明它能有效地提取故障特征频率,诊断结果验证了该方法的有效性。
The running status of dry vacuum pump influences the stability of the whole vacuum system and the hydraulic pump is the“heart”of the hydraulic system. So the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the rotary machine such as dry vavuum pump and hydraulic pump is crucial.This paper advances the extractive technique as subject investigated,A Morlet-like wavelet cluster-based method for band-pass filtering and envelope demodulation is described and it is applied for fault diagnosis relating to the rotary machine such as dry vavuum pump and hydraulic pump.It is not only important for theoretical study,but also has popularization to other rotary machine.
This paper summarizes vibration monitoring technique relating to rotary machine,then illustrates how to select the testing position and the vibrational sensor.Especially makes profound institute to amplitude domain and time domain and frequency domain analysis method.
Systematically researches the basic ideas of Wavelet Transfomation theories when it is used in the vibrational signals.It is verified that wavelet analysis method is unique compared to FFT. The method is suitable for most rotary machine.
When using classical wavelet envelope demodulation method, generally first makes wavelet decomposition for filtering to the vibration signals ,then Hilbert Transformation,Last we can get the envelope signal .In this way the process of calculation is complex. Here a Morlet-like wavelet cluster-based method for band-pass filtering and envelope demodulation is described. Via appropriate choice of wavelet parameters, a wavelet cluster combined with multi-Morlet-like wavelet can be used as a band-pass filter with zero phase shift, flat topped pass-band and rapid attenuation in the transition band. It can be used to extract high frequency natural vibration components.
This new method is applied for fault diagnosis relating to the rotary machine such as dry vavuum pump and hydraulic pump. It is shown that the fault characteristic frequencies can be extracted effectively. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated in experimental studies.
引文
1 Andreas Tengler.The benefits of oi l-free vacuum pump in industrial processes[J ], World Pumps, 2005,1:18
2杨乃恒.干式真空泵的原理、特征及其应用.真空,2000(3):1-9
3 Loe Aliasso. How to make sure you select the right dry vacuum pump[J], World Pumps, 2000,3:26-27
4刘春姐,徐成海,钱芳华.干式螺杆真空泵振动监测与故障诊断技术的研究.真空科学与技术学报,2005,25(6):471-474
5 Tandon, N. and Choudhury, A. A review of vibrationand acoustic measurement methods for the detectionof defects in rolling element bearings. Tribol. Int.,1999, 32, 469–480.
6何正嘉,赵纪元,高强,等著.机械设备非平稳信号的故障诊断原理及应用.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:10-35
7钟秉林,黄仁.机械故障诊断学.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002:125-150
8王晓麟,李朝晖.基于模型参考方法的闸门优化维护系统.水电自动化与大坝监测, 2002,26(2):19-23
9杜巧连,张克华.基于自身振动信号的液压泵状态监测及故障诊断.农业机械学报, 2007,23(4):120-123
10陈兆能,余经洪编著.液压设备状态监测与诊断[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1997:1-2
11任震等.小波分析及其在电力系统中的应用.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003:1-5
12张志勇,彭玉青.小波分析在图像处理中的应用.常州工学院学报, 2005,18(6):16-20
13王学玲,闫晓薇,王建林.小波变换在信号处理中的应用.福建电脑, 2006(9):89,62
14周洋,萧蕴诗,何斌,等.基于小波变换的机械振动故障诊断系统的研究.华东交通大学学报, 2006,23(4):105-107
15 S Mallat. A Theory for Multire Solution Signal Decomposition[J].The Wavelet Representation. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Machinne Intell, 1989,11(7):674-693
16姜万录,张淑清,王益群.液压泵故障的小波变换诊断方法.机械工程学报, 2001,37(6):34-37
17 M S Alam, D Chain. Efficient Multiple Target Recognition Using A Joint Wavelet Transform Processor. Opt. Eng., 2000,39(5):1203-1210
18 Q T Jiang. Orthogonal Multiwavelets with Optimum Time-frequency Resolutions[J]. IEEE Trans SP, 1998,46(4):830-844
19 H Ozkaramanli. Unified Approach for Constructing Multi-wavelets with Approxima- tion Order Using Redinable Super-functions[C]. IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process, 2003,150(3):143-152
20赵庆海.测试技术与工程应用.北京:化学工业出版社, 2005:151-159
21 Zhou Feng-xing. Falut Diagnosis Technology Based on Wavelet Analysis and Resonance Demodulation.2004 World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation[J]IEEE June 2004
22丁康,李巍华,朱小勇.齿轮及齿轮箱故障诊断实用技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006:63-77
23周凤星.机械设备振动信息的共振解调技术与小波分析.武汉科技大学学报,2001, 3(1):66～67.
24石林锁.滚动轴承故障检测的改进包络分析法.轴承, 2006(2):36-39
25 Nikolaou N G, Antoniadis I A.Demodulation of vibration signals generated by defects in rolling elementbearings using complex shifted Morlet wavelets[J].Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2002,16(4):677—694
26 Altmann J, Mathew J. Multiple band—pass autoregressive demodulation for rolling-element bearing fault diag—nosis[J].Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2001,15(5):963—977.
27 J S Torrecilla, L Otero, P D Sang. A Neural Network Approach for Thermal/Pressure Food Processing[J].J Food Engineering, 2004,62:89-95
28 R Zbigniew, Struzik. Wavelet Methods in (Financial) Time-series Processing. Physica A, 2001,(296):307-319
29孙延奎.小波分析及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:35-36
30 Jan W. Kantelhardt, H.E Duardo, Roman, Martin Greiner. Discrete Wavelet Approach to Multifractality. Physica, A, 1995,(220):219-238
31陈季萍,杨瑞军.利用倒频谱诊断液压泵早期故障.机械设计与制造, 2005,9(9):94-95
32 Zhou Feng-xing.Falut Diagnosis Technology Based on Wavelet Analysis and Resonance Demodulation.2004 World Congresson Intelligent Controland Automation [J] IEEE June2004
33 T D Bui, G Chen. Translation-invariant Denoising Using Multiwavelets[J]. IEEE Trans SP, 1998,46(12):3414-3420
34史东锋,鲍明,屈梁生.小波包络分析在滚动轴承诊断中的应用.中国机械工程, 2000,11(12):1382-1385
35何岭松,李巍华.用Morlet小波进行包络检波.振动工程学报, 2002,15(1):119-121
36陈新轩,许安主.工程机械状态检测与故障诊断.北京:人民交通出版社, 2004:11-23
37姚贵艳,孙丽媛,程秀芳等.机械故障诊断技术的研究现状及发展趋势,河北理工学院学报, 2005,27(3):35-37
38卢文祥,杜润生.工程测试与信息处理.华中理工大学出版社, 1994:45-50
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40赵翔,李著信,萧德云.故障诊断技术的研究现状与发展趋势.机床与液压, 2004,(4):3-6
41李建平.小波分析信息传输基础.北京:国防工业出版社, 2004:13-14
42 C. Karanikas. The Hausdorff Dimension of Very Weak Self-similar Fractals Described by the Haar Wavelet System. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 2000,(11):275-280
43杨建国.小波分析及其工程应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:17-22 107-110
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2杨乃恒.干式真空泵的原理、特征及其应用.真空,2000(3):1-9
3 Loe Aliasso. How to make sure you select the right dry vacuum pump[J], World Pumps, 2000,3:26-27
4刘春姐,徐成海,钱芳华.干式螺杆真空泵振动监测与故障诊断技术的研究.真空科学与技术学报,2005,25(6):471-474
5 Tandon, N. and Choudhury, A. A review of vibrationand acoustic measurement methods for the detectionof defects in rolling element bearings. Tribol. Int.,1999, 32, 469–480.
6何正嘉,赵纪元,高强,等著.机械设备非平稳信号的故障诊断原理及应用.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:10-35
7钟秉林,黄仁.机械故障诊断学.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002:125-150
8王晓麟,李朝晖.基于模型参考方法的闸门优化维护系统.水电自动化与大坝监测, 2002,26(2):19-23
9杜巧连,张克华.基于自身振动信号的液压泵状态监测及故障诊断.农业机械学报, 2007,23(4):120-123
10陈兆能,余经洪编著.液压设备状态监测与诊断[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1997:1-2
11任震等.小波分析及其在电力系统中的应用.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003:1-5
12张志勇,彭玉青.小波分析在图像处理中的应用.常州工学院学报, 2005,18(6):16-20
13王学玲,闫晓薇,王建林.小波变换在信号处理中的应用.福建电脑, 2006(9):89,62
14周洋,萧蕴诗,何斌,等.基于小波变换的机械振动故障诊断系统的研究.华东交通大学学报, 2006,23(4):105-107
15 S Mallat. A Theory for Multire Solution Signal Decomposition[J].The Wavelet Representation. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Machinne Intell, 1989,11(7):674-693
16姜万录,张淑清,王益群.液压泵故障的小波变换诊断方法.机械工程学报, 2001,37(6):34-37
17 M S Alam, D Chain. Efficient Multiple Target Recognition Using A Joint Wavelet Transform Processor. Opt. Eng., 2000,39(5):1203-1210
18 Q T Jiang. Orthogonal Multiwavelets with Optimum Time-frequency Resolutions[J]. IEEE Trans SP, 1998,46(4):830-844
19 H Ozkaramanli. Unified Approach for Constructing Multi-wavelets with Approxima- tion Order Using Redinable Super-functions[C]. IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process, 2003,150(3):143-152
20赵庆海.测试技术与工程应用.北京:化学工业出版社, 2005:151-159
21 Zhou Feng-xing. Falut Diagnosis Technology Based on Wavelet Analysis and Resonance Demodulation.2004 World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation[J]IEEE June 2004
22丁康,李巍华,朱小勇.齿轮及齿轮箱故障诊断实用技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006:63-77
23周凤星.机械设备振动信息的共振解调技术与小波分析.武汉科技大学学报,2001, 3(1):66～67.
24石林锁.滚动轴承故障检测的改进包络分析法.轴承, 2006(2):36-39
25 Nikolaou N G, Antoniadis I A.Demodulation of vibration signals generated by defects in rolling elementbearings using complex shifted Morlet wavelets[J].Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2002,16(4):677—694
26 Altmann J, Mathew J. Multiple band—pass autoregressive demodulation for rolling-element bearing fault diag—nosis[J].Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2001,15(5):963—977.
27 J S Torrecilla, L Otero, P D Sang. A Neural Network Approach for Thermal/Pressure Food Processing[J].J Food Engineering, 2004,62:89-95
28 R Zbigniew, Struzik. Wavelet Methods in (Financial) Time-series Processing. Physica A, 2001,(296):307-319
29孙延奎.小波分析及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:35-36
30 Jan W. Kantelhardt, H.E Duardo, Roman, Martin Greiner. Discrete Wavelet Approach to Multifractality. Physica, A, 1995,(220):219-238
31陈季萍,杨瑞军.利用倒频谱诊断液压泵早期故障.机械设计与制造, 2005,9(9):94-95
32 Zhou Feng-xing.Falut Diagnosis Technology Based on Wavelet Analysis and Resonance Demodulation.2004 World Congresson Intelligent Controland Automation [J] IEEE June2004
33 T D Bui, G Chen. Translation-invariant Denoising Using Multiwavelets[J]. IEEE Trans SP, 1998,46(12):3414-3420
34史东锋,鲍明,屈梁生.小波包络分析在滚动轴承诊断中的应用.中国机械工程, 2000,11(12):1382-1385
35何岭松,李巍华.用Morlet小波进行包络检波.振动工程学报, 2002,15(1):119-121
36陈新轩,许安主.工程机械状态检测与故障诊断.北京:人民交通出版社, 2004:11-23
37姚贵艳,孙丽媛,程秀芳等.机械故障诊断技术的研究现状及发展趋势,河北理工学院学报, 2005,27(3):35-37
38卢文祥,杜润生.工程测试与信息处理.华中理工大学出版社, 1994:45-50
39张来斌,王朝晖,张喜廷.机械设备故障诊断技术及方法.北京:石油工业出版社, 2000:61-75
40赵翔,李著信,萧德云.故障诊断技术的研究现状与发展趋势.机床与液压, 2004,(4):3-6
41李建平.小波分析信息传输基础.北京:国防工业出版社, 2004:13-14
42 C. Karanikas. The Hausdorff Dimension of Very Weak Self-similar Fractals Described by the Haar Wavelet System. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 2000,(11):275-280
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