岩性油气藏地震预测技术与地震沉积学分析应用研究
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摘要
岩性油气藏地震预测技术与地震沉积学分析应用研究—旨在应用地震沉积学分析方法及岩性油气藏地震预测技术,解决大牛地岩性油气藏勘探开发中面临的一些实际问题。
论文第一部分是岩性油气藏地震预测技术应用研究,分析了井控提高分辨率、谱反演提高分辨率、子波分解与重构;高阶累量分析;有色反演;以及含气性检测等一系列配套技术的原理及应用效果。第二部分采用地震沉积学研究思路,通过单井沉积相标定将地层切片图—地震属性相图转换成沉积相平面图,从而进行有利岩性油气藏发育区预测。第三部分在前两部分研究基础上结合实际资料特点和地质任务设计了岩性油气藏预测技术路线和研究步骤并进行了具体研究,最后通过实钻井跟踪分析对预测效果给出验证。主要研究成果与结论如下:
1、子波分解与重构技术是压制煤层强反射突出太2砂岩反射的有效技术;井控提高分辨率技术对波形及振幅相对关系保持较好,可用于波形、振幅、频率和相位类属性计算及波阻抗反演,但提高分辨率能力有限;谱反演技术提高分辨率能力强,但振幅相对关系保持度不如井控提高分辨率技术,处理结果只能用于波阻抗反演。
2、检测储层含气后“高频衰减,低频增加”频谱特征的面积差值技术对含气性比较敏感、多解性较少,瞬时带宽技术对含气异常检测有作用,但存在一定多解性。
3、不依赖模型层位不依赖子波提取的有色反演技术适合横向变化快的河流相岩性油气藏预测,储层边界较清楚,但反演结果是相对阻抗,加入低频信息后可用于砂体雕刻和砂体厚度预测,但其纵向分辨率较低。
4、提出了一种基于地震资料高阶统计量分析的储层非均质性研究方法,该方法在大牛地D75区块储层非均值性研究中取得明显效果。
5、以确定沉积等时面、建立等时地层格架为核心内容;以形成地层切片体、最小等时单元内属性提取为核心技术、以沉积微相划分和有利岩性油气藏发育区优选及相控砂体雕刻为核心目的的地震沉积学分析方法,是岩性油气藏预测的有效工具。
6、D90井钻探结果证实了本文有利岩性油气藏发育区预测结果、太2段和盒1段波阻抗反演预测结果和储层厚度分布预测结果的正确性。
The application of seismic prediction technology and analysis of seismic sedimentology with lithology,aim at resolving the practical problems in lithologic reservoir exploration and development of Daniudi gas field by using seismic sedimentology analysis method and seismic prediction technology.
The first part of the paper researches the application of a series of matching technology, including improving resolution under wells controlling, improving resolution by spectra inversion, subtracting coal seam by wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, detecting reservoir heterogeneity by high-order statistic of seismic data, inversion of seismic data by using colored inversion, and gas bearing detection. The second part uses seismic sedimentology analysis method to transform the strata slice graph (seismic attribute graph) to sedimentary facieses planar graph by calibrating the single well sedimentaty facies and to predict the beneficial developed area of lithologic reservoir. The third part designs technical route and research steps of predicting lithologic reservoir based on front two parts and combining with actual data and geological tasks, and finally verifies the prediction effect by tracking analysis of a following well. The main research results and conclusions are as follows:
1. Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction technique is effective to highlight the sandstone reflection of Taier member by suppressing the strong reflection of coal seam. Resolution improving under wells controlling technique is effective to maintain the relativeness of waveform and amplitude although the ability of resolution improving is limited. It can be used for the attribute calculating of waveform, amplitude, frequency and phase. Spectral inversion technique is better in improving resolution and no better than the prior in maintaining the relativeness of amplitude. The processing results can only be used for acoustic impedance inversion.
2. The spectrum signature of gas bearing reservoir is characterized by attenuating in high frequency and increasing in low frequency. The area differential technique is sensible to gas bearing reservoir and has little ambiguity. The instant bandwidth technique has ambiguity in detecting gas bearing abnormity although it is effective.
3. The colored inversion technique, which is not dependent on the model horizon and wavelet extraction, is suitable for predicting lithologic reservoir in fluvial facieses which lateral changes is fast. The predicted border of reservoir is clear. The inversion result, which is relative impedance, can be used to sand body depicting and sand body thichness predicting after adding low frequency information. But the vertical resolution is relatively low.
4. This paper presents a reservoir heterogeneity research method basing on the high-order cumulant analysis of seismic data. Theoretical model and actual data proved the high-order cumulant attribute is effective for detecting the reservoir horizontal heterogeneity.
5. The analysis method of seismic sedimentlogy is an effective tool of lithology reservoir prediction. The core content is determining the sedimentary isochronous surface and establishing isochronous stratigraphic framework. The core technology is forming strata slice cube and extracting attribute in minimal isochronous unit. The core purpose is dividing sedimentary micro-faces, optimization of beneficial developed area of lithologic reservoir, and sand body depicting under sedimentary facies control.
6. The drilling result of D90 well proves the validity of favorable developed area of lithology reservoir predictions, the acoustic impedance inversion results of Taier member and Heyi member, and reservoir thickness distributing prediction.
论文第一部分是岩性油气藏地震预测技术应用研究,分析了井控提高分辨率、谱反演提高分辨率、子波分解与重构;高阶累量分析;有色反演;以及含气性检测等一系列配套技术的原理及应用效果。第二部分采用地震沉积学研究思路,通过单井沉积相标定将地层切片图—地震属性相图转换成沉积相平面图,从而进行有利岩性油气藏发育区预测。第三部分在前两部分研究基础上结合实际资料特点和地质任务设计了岩性油气藏预测技术路线和研究步骤并进行了具体研究,最后通过实钻井跟踪分析对预测效果给出验证。主要研究成果与结论如下:
1、子波分解与重构技术是压制煤层强反射突出太2砂岩反射的有效技术;井控提高分辨率技术对波形及振幅相对关系保持较好,可用于波形、振幅、频率和相位类属性计算及波阻抗反演,但提高分辨率能力有限;谱反演技术提高分辨率能力强,但振幅相对关系保持度不如井控提高分辨率技术,处理结果只能用于波阻抗反演。
2、检测储层含气后“高频衰减,低频增加”频谱特征的面积差值技术对含气性比较敏感、多解性较少,瞬时带宽技术对含气异常检测有作用,但存在一定多解性。
3、不依赖模型层位不依赖子波提取的有色反演技术适合横向变化快的河流相岩性油气藏预测,储层边界较清楚,但反演结果是相对阻抗,加入低频信息后可用于砂体雕刻和砂体厚度预测,但其纵向分辨率较低。
4、提出了一种基于地震资料高阶统计量分析的储层非均质性研究方法,该方法在大牛地D75区块储层非均值性研究中取得明显效果。
5、以确定沉积等时面、建立等时地层格架为核心内容;以形成地层切片体、最小等时单元内属性提取为核心技术、以沉积微相划分和有利岩性油气藏发育区优选及相控砂体雕刻为核心目的的地震沉积学分析方法,是岩性油气藏预测的有效工具。
6、D90井钻探结果证实了本文有利岩性油气藏发育区预测结果、太2段和盒1段波阻抗反演预测结果和储层厚度分布预测结果的正确性。
The application of seismic prediction technology and analysis of seismic sedimentology with lithology,aim at resolving the practical problems in lithologic reservoir exploration and development of Daniudi gas field by using seismic sedimentology analysis method and seismic prediction technology.
The first part of the paper researches the application of a series of matching technology, including improving resolution under wells controlling, improving resolution by spectra inversion, subtracting coal seam by wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, detecting reservoir heterogeneity by high-order statistic of seismic data, inversion of seismic data by using colored inversion, and gas bearing detection. The second part uses seismic sedimentology analysis method to transform the strata slice graph (seismic attribute graph) to sedimentary facieses planar graph by calibrating the single well sedimentaty facies and to predict the beneficial developed area of lithologic reservoir. The third part designs technical route and research steps of predicting lithologic reservoir based on front two parts and combining with actual data and geological tasks, and finally verifies the prediction effect by tracking analysis of a following well. The main research results and conclusions are as follows:
1. Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction technique is effective to highlight the sandstone reflection of Taier member by suppressing the strong reflection of coal seam. Resolution improving under wells controlling technique is effective to maintain the relativeness of waveform and amplitude although the ability of resolution improving is limited. It can be used for the attribute calculating of waveform, amplitude, frequency and phase. Spectral inversion technique is better in improving resolution and no better than the prior in maintaining the relativeness of amplitude. The processing results can only be used for acoustic impedance inversion.
2. The spectrum signature of gas bearing reservoir is characterized by attenuating in high frequency and increasing in low frequency. The area differential technique is sensible to gas bearing reservoir and has little ambiguity. The instant bandwidth technique has ambiguity in detecting gas bearing abnormity although it is effective.
3. The colored inversion technique, which is not dependent on the model horizon and wavelet extraction, is suitable for predicting lithologic reservoir in fluvial facieses which lateral changes is fast. The predicted border of reservoir is clear. The inversion result, which is relative impedance, can be used to sand body depicting and sand body thichness predicting after adding low frequency information. But the vertical resolution is relatively low.
4. This paper presents a reservoir heterogeneity research method basing on the high-order cumulant analysis of seismic data. Theoretical model and actual data proved the high-order cumulant attribute is effective for detecting the reservoir horizontal heterogeneity.
5. The analysis method of seismic sedimentlogy is an effective tool of lithology reservoir prediction. The core content is determining the sedimentary isochronous surface and establishing isochronous stratigraphic framework. The core technology is forming strata slice cube and extracting attribute in minimal isochronous unit. The core purpose is dividing sedimentary micro-faces, optimization of beneficial developed area of lithologic reservoir, and sand body depicting under sedimentary facies control.
6. The drilling result of D90 well proves the validity of favorable developed area of lithology reservoir predictions, the acoustic impedance inversion results of Taier member and Heyi member, and reservoir thickness distributing prediction.
引文
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