湿压缩性能及其雾化系统的研究
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摘要
目前,燃气轮机在许多领域都得到了广泛的应用,如何提高燃气轮机性能已成为国内外研究的热点问题。湿压缩技术是提高燃气轮机性能的有效手段之一,该技术具有结构简单,容易实施等优点,已被受各国研究者的关注。然而湿压缩技术的成功与否与雾化装置的性能紧密相关。为此本文对湿压缩技术在燃气轮机的应用做了进一步研究,对其关键技术——雾化技术进行模拟与实验的研究。
本文对湿压缩的基本原理进行了分析,研究了湿压缩过程中的损失问题;对压气机压缩过程建立数学模型并进行了编程计算;分析比较了雾化方法,最终选择闪蒸雾化方法;分析比较了雾化喷嘴,最终选择离心式喷嘴,并设计了离心式雾化喷嘴;应用FLUENT流体仿真软件对直喷、离心式喷嘴闪蒸雾化流场进行了数值模拟,得出初始温度、压力、喷嘴口径等参数对雾化质量的影响规律。搭建了闪蒸雾化实验台架,进行了大量闪蒸雾化实验,利用三维多普勒激光粒度仪对闪蒸雾化进行了粒径测量,得出了粒径、喷雾角等参数的分布,并总结出雾化初始温度、初始压力、喷嘴口径等实际影响雾化质量的参数规律。
通过对实验值与模拟值的对比,总结出:在一定的雾化初始温度、压力与喷嘴口径等条件下,应用闪蒸技术制成的雾化装置,其雾化质量完全可以达到湿压缩的要求,因此它是工程应用湿压缩技术的理想雾化装置。
At present, gas turbines have been applied to more and more areas, how to improve gas turbine performance become a focus of research all over the world. Wet compression technology is one way of improving gas turbine peromance.The technology introduced in this dissertation was drawn comprehensive attention, because of its advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, easy-to-use, and so on. But, excellent atomization apparatus is a main factor to success on the technology of wet compression. In the dissertation, do the further studies on wet compression application in gas turbine. Study on the key technology by experiment and simulation.A new and innovative spray technology-Swirlflsh was studyed.
In the dissertation, the basic theory of wet compression was analyzed in the thermodynamics. The loss of wet compression was analyzed . Programmed the compressing model and computed on it. Analysis was made,compared with the manners of atomization, adopting the manner of flashing vaporization at last ; Analysis was made,compared with the injector of atomization ,adopting the centrifugal injector. Design was made for the centrifugal injector. In addition,conducted the simulating calculations for the flow field which made by flashing evaporating through the direct injector and centrifugal injector, get the regularity of atomization by the initial tempreture,the initial pressure and the caliber of injector.Experiment of swirlflash evaporation was made and tested the particle size of experiment at the bench. By the equipment of PDA ,get the distribution of particle size and spray angle , generalize the regularity of influencing the evaporation by the tempreture ,pressure,diametral injector and so on.
The experiments and numerical calculations show that the spray device which based on the swirflash technology by the initial tempreture、the initial pressure and the caliber of injector meet the require of wet compression.So the spray device is an ideal atomization device to apply the technology of wet compression to engineering practice.
本文对湿压缩的基本原理进行了分析,研究了湿压缩过程中的损失问题;对压气机压缩过程建立数学模型并进行了编程计算;分析比较了雾化方法,最终选择闪蒸雾化方法;分析比较了雾化喷嘴,最终选择离心式喷嘴,并设计了离心式雾化喷嘴;应用FLUENT流体仿真软件对直喷、离心式喷嘴闪蒸雾化流场进行了数值模拟,得出初始温度、压力、喷嘴口径等参数对雾化质量的影响规律。搭建了闪蒸雾化实验台架,进行了大量闪蒸雾化实验,利用三维多普勒激光粒度仪对闪蒸雾化进行了粒径测量,得出了粒径、喷雾角等参数的分布,并总结出雾化初始温度、初始压力、喷嘴口径等实际影响雾化质量的参数规律。
通过对实验值与模拟值的对比,总结出:在一定的雾化初始温度、压力与喷嘴口径等条件下,应用闪蒸技术制成的雾化装置,其雾化质量完全可以达到湿压缩的要求,因此它是工程应用湿压缩技术的理想雾化装置。
At present, gas turbines have been applied to more and more areas, how to improve gas turbine performance become a focus of research all over the world. Wet compression technology is one way of improving gas turbine peromance.The technology introduced in this dissertation was drawn comprehensive attention, because of its advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, easy-to-use, and so on. But, excellent atomization apparatus is a main factor to success on the technology of wet compression. In the dissertation, do the further studies on wet compression application in gas turbine. Study on the key technology by experiment and simulation.A new and innovative spray technology-Swirlflsh was studyed.
In the dissertation, the basic theory of wet compression was analyzed in the thermodynamics. The loss of wet compression was analyzed . Programmed the compressing model and computed on it. Analysis was made,compared with the manners of atomization, adopting the manner of flashing vaporization at last ; Analysis was made,compared with the injector of atomization ,adopting the centrifugal injector. Design was made for the centrifugal injector. In addition,conducted the simulating calculations for the flow field which made by flashing evaporating through the direct injector and centrifugal injector, get the regularity of atomization by the initial tempreture,the initial pressure and the caliber of injector.Experiment of swirlflash evaporation was made and tested the particle size of experiment at the bench. By the equipment of PDA ,get the distribution of particle size and spray angle , generalize the regularity of influencing the evaporation by the tempreture ,pressure,diametral injector and so on.
The experiments and numerical calculations show that the spray device which based on the swirflash technology by the initial tempreture、the initial pressure and the caliber of injector meet the require of wet compression.So the spray device is an ideal atomization device to apply the technology of wet compression to engineering practice.
引文
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[5]李淑英.压气机级间喷水湿压缩燃气轮机原理研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.1999.10:27-33页
[6]王云辉,刘敏,孙聿峰等.湿压缩对压缩系统失速后瞬态响应的影响分析[J].热能动力工程.2003,18(1):67-70页
[7]WANG YUNHUI,WANG GUOXUE,LI SHUYING,et al.Analysis o n effects of wet compression on surge margin of a small gas turbine [A].Proceedings of the 2002 International Joint Power Generation Co nference[C].New York:ASME,2002.247-252 P
[8]WANG YUNHUI,ZHENG QUN,SUN YUFENG,et al.Theoretical a nd experimental study of compressor and gas turbine performance wit h wet compression[A].Proceedings of International Pipeline Conferen ce[C].New York:ASME,2002,VB:1125-1130 P
[9]李淑英,张正一,孙聿峰等.压气机级间喷水燃气轮机的实验研究[J]热能动力工程.2002,17(2):143-146页
[10]李淑英.改进的双工质平行符合循环燃气轮机循环分析.船舶工程 [J].1997(2):12-14页
[11]李淑英.压缩过程喷水蒸发内冷燃气轮机循环分析[J].船舶工程.1998(4):46-47页
[12]陈中伟.燃气轮机湿压缩技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.1999.3:34-35页
[13]周杰.单轴燃气轮级级间湿压缩技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2000.3:21-23页
[14]李淑英,戴景明.湿压缩燃气轮机热力循环的特点与机理分析[J].燃气轮机技术.2001(4):282-286页
[15]张伟.单级增压器的湿压缩系统性能研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2004.3:44-45页
[16]李淑英.湿压缩压气机性能研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学博士后研究工作报告.2004.5:67-69页
[17]王新年.离心压气机湿压缩实验研究及数值模拟[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2006:45-47页
[18]王新年,由雪琴,孙聿峰,李淑英.直流闪蒸技术在湿压缩实验装置中的适用性研究[J].燃气轮机技术.2005(4):47-50页
[19]史玉恒.两级离心式压气机湿压缩特性的实验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2007:33-35页
[20]A.jones and P.F.Nalon.Discussions on the use of fine water sprays or mists for fire suppression[J]Loss Prev.Process Ind.1995.Vol.8(1),17-22P
[21]R.Yadav and ESreedhar yadav.Water Injection Effects on Compressor StageOperation[J].ASME,GT2006-90427:34-39P
[22]蒋勇,廖光煊,王清安,范维澄.喷雾过程液滴碰撞聚合模型研究[J].火灾科学.2000.2:27-30页
[23]解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社.1995:22-23页
[24]曹建明.喷雾学[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005:12-19页
[25]Weber.C.on the Atomization of liquid jet and Droplets.Univ of Iniois Technical Report[N],1949
[26]Rayleigh.L.On the Instability of Jet[J].Proc.of Lond.Math.Soc.10.1878
[27]Haenlein.A.Disintegration of aLiquid Jet[3].NACA-TA-659.1933
[28]Reitz.R.D.Bracco.F.V.Mechanism of atomization of aliquid jet[J].Phys Fluid.1982.25.1730
[29]史绍熙,郗大光,秦建荣,刘宁.液体射流结构特征的理论分析[J].燃烧科学与技术.1996.4,307-314
[30]Hot Water for Power Augmentation.Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide[J],June 2001:74-75 P
[31]LM6000 Sprint in Service with British REC.Turbo Machinery Interational[J].1998,Sept-Out:24-28 P
[32]Giovanni Cataldi,Charles Matz.Influence of High Fogging System on Gas Turbine Engine Operation and Performance[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power.JANUARY,2006
[33]李继保.气泡雾化喷嘴在小燃机上的应用研究[J].燃气涡轮实验与研究.1995(1)
[34]冀文慧.燃气轮机S-S循环研究.哈尔滨船舶锅炉涡轮机研究所.2006
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